Deck 15: Juvenile Justice

Question 1

Under Roman law,the ________ had absolute control over the child.

A)state
B)mother
C)father
D)courts

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Children who are beyond parental control and need state protection are considered to be

A)abused children.
B)status offenders.
C)neglected children.
D)undisciplined children.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

According to the U.S.Supreme Court,which of the following is not required before preventive detention can be imposed upon a juvenile?

A)A statement by the judge that explains the reasons for the detention
B)Prior notice
C)Prosecutorial review of the detention proposal
D)A fair and equitable detention hearing

Answer 3

C

Question 4

________ jurisdiction applies when the juvenile court is the only court that has statutory authority to deal with children for specified infractions.

A)Exclusive
B)Original
C)Sole
D)Concurrent

Question 5

Juvenile courts have original jurisdiction over juveniles charged with

A)serious felonies.
B)status offenses.
C)first-degree murder.
D)federal offenses.

Question 6

The legal principle of parens patriae

A)permits the state to assume the role of the parents.
B)permits the state to declare juveniles delinquent.
C)defines status offenses.
D)defines undisciplined children.

Question 7

Which of the following is a characteristic of the juvenile justice system,rather than the adult criminal justice system?

A)A focus on criminality
B)Public trials
C)Adversarial setting
D)Specific right to treatment

Question 8

Which of the following is not a status offense?

A)Truancy
B)Vagrancy
C)Marijuana use
D)Incorrigibility

Question 9

Which landmark U.S.Supreme Court case guaranteed juveniles many of the same procedural due process rights as adults?

A)McKeiver v.Pennsylvania
B)Kent v.U.S.
C)In re Winship
D)In re Gault

Question 10

The 1974 Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act stated that any state who accepted federal funds through the Act must

A)grant juveniles the right to trial by jury.
B)establish teen courts.
C)deinstitutionalize status offenders.
D)abandon the doctrine of parens patriae.

Question 11

Children who purchase cigarettes or alcohol are considered to be

A)status offenders.
B)neglected children.
C)dependent children.
D)juvenile delinquents.

Question 12

Mary is 15 years old.One day she breaks into Bob's apartment and steals his TV.Mary is a(n)________ child.

A)dependent
B)neglected
C)delinquent
D)abused

Question 13

The philosophical principles on which the juvenile court movement was based state that states that the ________ is the "ultimate parent" of the child.

A)father
B)church
C)mother
D)state

Question 14

What is the minimum age at which someone convicted of first degree murder may be sentenced to death?

A)14
B)16
C)18
D)21

Question 15

The first juvenile court that was separate in form and function from adult criminal courts was created in

A)New York.
B)Illinois.
C)Rhode Island.
D)Pennsylvania.

Question 16

Currently,it is not clear whether juveniles

A)can waive their Miranda rights.
B)have a right to trial by jury under the U.S.Constitution.
C)have a right to counsel in juvenile court proceedings.
D)can be executed for a crime committed at age 16.

Question 17

The child-savers movement

A)created a separate juvenile justice system.
B)resulted in the creation of the reform school.
C)focused on providing homes for children who were living on the streets.
D)embodied the legal principle of parens patriae.

Question 18

Which of the following is not one of the key philosophical principles on which the juvenile court movement was based?

A)The state is the higher or ultimate parent of all children within its borders.
B)Noncriminal procedures are necessary to give primary consideration to the needs of the child.
C)Children are worth saving and this should be done through nonpunitive means.
D)Juveniles are entitled to the same due process rights as adults.

Question 19

According to the U.S.Supreme Court,juveniles do not have which of the following procedural rights?

A)The right to be notified of the charges being brought against them
B)The right to confront and cross-examine witnesses
C)The right to a trial by a jury of their peers
D)The protection against self-incrimination

Question 20

In the case of In re Winship,the Supreme Court held that delinquency must be established

A)beyond a reasonable doubt.
B)to the court's satisfaction.
C)by a preponderance of the evidence.
D)by clear and convincing evidence.

Question 21

The 1899 Illinois Juvenile Court Act emphasized retribution in place of reformation.

Question 22

Before the modern era,children who committed crimes in the Western world did not receive any preferential treatment because of their youth.

Question 23

In 2013,California Governor Jerry Brown announced that he would stop new admissions to the state's Division of Juvenile Justice (DJJ)facilities and provide funds to the counties in an effort to have the counties deal with juveniles at the point they are most likely to return.This is an example of a

A)resolution strategy.
B)reinvestment strategy.
C)realignment strategy.
D)reinvention strategy.

Question 24

15-year-old Micah is brought before Juan,a juvenile court judge.There is considerable evidence to show that Micah is guilty of violating the criminal law.In this situation,Juan has the power to

A)open the courtroom to the press and public.
B)sentence Juan to death.
C)waive Juan's Miranda rights.
D)decide it is not in Juan's best interest to be adjudicated delinquent.

Question 25

Compared to the adult system,the juvenile justice system is more likely to

A)employ diversion from further formal processing at all stages in the process.
B)impose the death penalty for first-degree murder.
C)protect the defendant's due process rights.
D)focus on legal issues of guilt or innocence.

Question 26

In the majority of adjudicated delinquency cases,the judge decides to

A)confine the juvenile in a secure institution.
B)order the juvenile to pay restitution or participate in community service.
C)place the juvenile on formal probation.
D)order postadjudicatory review.

Question 27

In recent years,the juvenile justice system appears to be

A)becoming increasingly similar to the adult criminal court system.
B)returning to the original principles of the juvenile court.
C)limiting the rights of victims of juvenile crime.
D)moving towards increasingly severe punishments for juveniles.

Question 28

A ________ sentence is a combination of a juvenile disposition and an adult criminal sentence.

A)blended
B)singular
C)dual
D)mandatory

Question 29

The first step in decision-making regarding a juvenile whose behavior is in violation of the law is known as

A)adjudication.
B)disposition.
C)arraignment.
D)intake.

Question 30

Transfer hearings are held in

A)appellate courts.
B)adult courts.
C)juvenile courts.
D)family group conferences.

Question 31

In the case of Kent v.United States,the Supreme Court said that courts must provide the essentials of due process in juvenile proceedings.

Question 32

Juvenile justice reform that involves policymakers and administrators making direct managerial changes is an example of a

A)resolution strategy.
B)reinvestment strategy.
C)realignment strategy.
D)reinvention strategy.

Question 33

The juvenile court's fact-finding process,which is similar to an adult trial,is known as a(n)________ hearing.

A)intake
B)adjudicatory
C)preliminary
D)dispositional

Question 34

Delinquent children would be considered criminals if they were adults.

Question 35

The ________ hearing is the final stage in the processing of adjudicated juveniles and is similar to an adult sentencing hearing.

A)dispositional
B)detention
C)adjudicatory
D)exit

Question 36

Status offenders are delinquent children who have been transferred to adult court.

Question 37

New York's houses of refuge were intended to shelter serious juvenile delinquents.

Question 38

Reform schools created by the child savers movement focused on pre-delinquent children.

Question 39

A document filed in juvenile court alleging illegal behavior by a juvenile and asking the court to assume jurisdiction over the juvenile is a

A)juvenile summons.
B)writ of habeas corpus.
C)juvenile petition.
D)notice of adult jurisdiction.

Question 40

A juvenile confined in a private facility is likely to be

A)held for a violent offense.
B)a sex offender.
C)younger than 14.
D)a white male.

Question 41

The ________ Act created the first juvenile court that was separate in form and function from adult criminal courts.

Question 42

A(n)________ offender is a child who has committed an act such as truancy that is against the law only because of the offender's age.

Question 43

Teen court is an alternative approach to juvenile justice in which alleged offenders who are teenagers are dealt with by judges who specialize in adolescent offenders and offenses.

Question 44

The juvenile court philosophy limits judicial discretion.

Question 45

When a serious offense is involved,the court will hold an adjudicatory hearing to determine if the case should be transferred to adult court.

Question 46

The purpose of the preliminary hearing is to determine whether there is probable cause to believe that the juvenile committed the alleged act.

Question 47

A juvenile court has original jurisdiction when it is the only court that has statutory authority to deal with children for specified infractions.

Question 48

The legal principle of ________ allowed the state to take the place of parents in dealing with children who broke the law.

Question 49

In re Winship found that juveniles do not have a constitutional right to a trial by a jury of their peers.

Question 50

Juveniles in secure confinement are most likely to have committed a status offense.

Question 51

The Supreme Court has stated that a suspect's age must be considered when determining whether that suspect would feel free not to respond to police questioning.

Question 52

Unlike adult prisons,overcrowding is not a significant problem in juvenile institutions.

Question 53

Appeals are less important at the juvenile level because most sentences of confinement are so short that the juvenile may be released before the appellate review process is completed.

Question 54

When Jack was 16,he killed a classmate.Because he was not tried for the crime until he was 19,the court was able to impose a sentence of death.

Question 55

Research shows that black juveniles who commit delinquent offenses are more likely than white juveniles to be held in private secure facilities.

Question 56

A blended sentence is a juvenile court disposition that imposes both a juvenile sanction and an adult criminal sentence upon an adjudicated delinquent.

Question 57

States today are moving away from the original principles of the juvenile court.

Question 58

The majority of juveniles who are adjudicated delinquent are placed on formal probation.

Question 59

Resolution strategies for changing the juvenile justice system involve permanent organizational and structural modifications,such as closing facilities or eliminating agencies.

Question 60

According to the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act,status offenders must be deinstitutionalized.

Question 61

Match the category of juvenile to the description.

A)Children who violate laws written only for them
B)Children who violate the criminal law
C)Children who suffer physical harm at the hands of parents or guardians
D)Children who do not have parents or guardians to care for them
E)Children who are beyond parental control
F)Children who do not receive proper care from their parents or guardians
Dependent children

Question 62

Match the category of juvenile to the description.

A)Children who violate laws written only for them
B)Children who violate the criminal law
C)Children who suffer physical harm at the hands of parents or guardians
D)Children who do not have parents or guardians to care for them
E)Children who are beyond parental control
F)Children who do not receive proper care from their parents or guardians
Abused children

Question 63

The ________ hearing is similar to an adult criminal trial.

Question 64

According to the Supreme Court,mandatory life without parole sentences for juveniles convicted of homicide violate the ________ Amendment.

Question 65

________ children are not receiving proper care from their parents or guardians.

Question 66

Match the category of juvenile to the description.

A)Children who violate laws written only for them
B)Children who violate the criminal law
C)Children who suffer physical harm at the hands of parents or guardians
D)Children who do not have parents or guardians to care for them
E)Children who are beyond parental control
F)Children who do not receive proper care from their parents or guardians
Delinquent children

Question 67

________ practices in the juvenile justice system are intended to establish best-practice guidelines.

Question 68

A juvenile court has ________ jurisdiction over juveniles when other courts have equal statutory authority to originate proceedings.

Question 69

Match the category of juvenile to the description.

A)Children who violate laws written only for them
B)Children who violate the criminal law
C)Children who suffer physical harm at the hands of parents or guardians
D)Children who do not have parents or guardians to care for them
E)Children who are beyond parental control
F)Children who do not receive proper care from their parents or guardians
Undisciplined children

Question 70

The juvenile appellate process is known as ________ review.

Question 71

If a juvenile is found delinquent,a(n)________ hearing will be held to determine the form of treatment or penalty that should be imposed.

Question 72

Research suggests that adolescent behavior differs from that of adults due to significant differences in adolescent ________ development.

Question 73

________ is the first step in decision making regarding a juvenile whose behavior or alleged behavior is in violation of the law.

Question 74

Match the category of juvenile to the description.

A)Children who violate laws written only for them
B)Children who violate the criminal law
C)Children who suffer physical harm at the hands of parents or guardians
D)Children who do not have parents or guardians to care for them
E)Children who are beyond parental control
F)Children who do not receive proper care from their parents or guardians
Neglected children

Question 75

A juvenile ________ is a document filed in juvenile court alleging illegal behavior by a juvenile is.

Question 76

States today are focusing on developing and improving ________ programs that help transition and reintegrate juveniles back into society and reduce recidivism.

Question 77

In the case of ________,the Supreme Court essentially guaranteed juveniles many of the same procedural rights as adults.

Question 78

________ strategies for changing the juvenile justice system involve direct managerial changes brought about by the efforts of administrators,policymakers,and elected officials.

Question 79

Match the category of juvenile to the description.

A)Children who violate laws written only for them
B)Children who violate the criminal law
C)Children who suffer physical harm at the hands of parents or guardians
D)Children who do not have parents or guardians to care for them
E)Children who are beyond parental control
F)Children who do not receive proper care from their parents or guardians
Status offenders

Question 80

The ________ network was created to facilitate rapid response by law enforcement and the community to kidnapped or abducted children.