Deck 7: Policing: Legal Aspects

Question 1

________ cases produce substantial changes both in the understanding of the requirements of due process and in the practical day-to-day operations of the justice system.

A)Sensational
B)Landmark
C)Crucial
D)Celebrated

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In which of the following situations would the police not be legally permitted to conduct a warrantless search or seize evidence without a warrant?

A)Incident to a lawful arrest
B)If evidence is in plain view
C)If exigent circumstances exist
D)When authorized by the chief of police

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is not one of the three areas of due process requirements that are of relevance to the police?

A)Search and seizure
B)Arrest
C)Double jeopardy
D)Intelligence gathering

Answer 3

C

Question 4

According to ________,evidence illegally seized by the police cannot be used in a trial.

A)the exclusionary rule
B)the Fifth Amendment
C)Miranda v.Arizona
D)the Sixth Amendment

Question 5

A writ of certiorari

A)asks the court to free somebody who has been wrongfully convicted.
B)identifies probable cause for the court to issue an arrest warrant.
C)allows officers to search a suspect's home.
D)allows appellate courts to review the record of a lower court case.

Question 6

Which Amendment prohibits unreasonable searches and seizures?

A)The Fourth Amendment
B)The Fifth Amendment
C)The Sixth Amendment
D)The Eighth Amendment

Question 7

A(n)________ warrant is issued based on probable cause to believe that evidence of a crime which is not currently at the place described will likely be there when the warrant is executed.

A)plain-view
B)anticipatory
C)latent
D)electronic

Question 8

According to ________,any evidence that derives from an illegal search and seizure may be declared tainted and excluded from trial.

A)the plain view doctrine
B)good faith exception
C)exclusionary rule
D)exigent search doctrine

Question 9

Which Supreme Court ruling applied the exclusionary rule to the states?

A)Silverthorne Lumber Co.v.U.S.
B)Weeks v.U.S.
C)U.S.v.Leon
D)Mapp v.Ohio

Question 10

According to the Supreme Court,during the execution of a valid search warrant,the authority of the police to detain the occupants of the dwelling is

A)limited to a pat down.
B)as broad as the warrant allows.
C)absolute and unqualified.
D)limited by the Sixth Amendment.

Question 11

Which U.S.Supreme Court case was responsible for the creation of the exclusionary rule?

A)Powell v.Alabama
B)Weeks v.U.S.
C)Chimel v.California
D)Johnson v.Avery

Question 12

Probable cause is

A)a precedent-setting term concerned with the use of undercover operations.
B)a police procedural issue concerned with the use of deadly force.
C)a legal explanation for the use of interrogation as a means to elicit a confession.
D)a set of facts that cause a reasonable person to believe that a person committed a specific crime.

Question 13

According to the Supreme Court,in a search incident to arrest,where are the police permitted to search if they do not have a search warrant?

A)The police may search the entire building in which the arrest occurred.
B)The police may only search the area in the arrestee's immediate control.
C)The police may only search the arrestee.
D)The police may not conduct a search without a warrant.

Question 14

A search warrant can only be issued if there is

A)latent evidence.
B)reasonable suspicion.
C)probable cause.
D)a writ of certiorari.

Question 15

Which U.S.Supreme Court made the exclusionary rule applicable to criminal prosecutions at the state level?

A)The Rehnquist Court
B)The Burger Court
C)The Roberts Court
D)The Warren Court

Question 16

What is the importance of the Fourteenth Amendment?

A)It extends constitutional protections to state-level criminal justice.
B)It creates exceptions to the protections provided in the Bill of Rights.
C)It places the need to ensure public safety above the need to protect individual rights.
D)It requires police to advise suspects of their rights using the Miranda warnings.

Question 17

An officer knocks on the door of a suspected drug dealer,who invites the officer into the house.While in the kitchen,the officer notices a marijuana plant on the windowsill.The officer may legally seize the plant under the ________ doctrine.

A)exigent search
B)good-faith
C)plain-view
D)compelling interest

Question 18

Which legal principle states that any evidence that is later developed as a result of an illegal search or seizure is excluded from trial?

A)The good-faith exception
B)The compelling interest doctrine
C)The plain view doctrine
D)The fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine

Question 19

Which of the following is not required for the police to seize contraband under the plain view doctrine?

A)The police must have a legitimate right to be at the location.
B)The sighting of the contraband must be coincidental.
C)The incriminating nature of the contraband must have been immediately apparent to the officer.
D)The officer must have obtained the property owner's verbal or written permission to search and to seize the contraband.

Question 20

The current Chief Justice of the U.S.Supreme Court,who was appointed in 2005,is

A)William Rehnquist.
B)Earl Warren.
C)John G.Roberts.
D)Warren Burger.

Question 21

19-year-old Dzhokhar Tsarnaev,the surviving Boston Marathon bomber,was initially questioned by law enforcement officers before he was read his Miranda rights under which exception to Miranda?

A)Inevitable discovery
B)Public safety
C)Good faith
D)Fleeing-targets

Question 22

When are the police allowed to conduct a search of someone who is not suspected of a crime?

A)Never-the Fourth Amendment prohibits suspicionless searches.
B)If the police have reasonable grounds to believe that the individual being searched may have some knowledge of a crime
C)If the person being searched has a criminal record
D)If there is an overriding concern for public safety

Question 23

Which of the following would not be considered a form of nontestimonial evidence?

A)Blood cells
B)DNA
C)A written confession
D)Fingerprints

Question 24

The "Christian burial speech" led to the creation of which exception to the Miranda requirements?

A)Inevitable discovery
B)Public safety
C)Good-faith
D)Fleeing-targets

Question 25

Which of the following is not a special characteristic of electronic evidence?

A)It is fragile and easily altered or compromised.
B)It may be time sensitive.
C)It is non-latent.
D)It can transcend state and national borders.

Question 26

Evidence of relevance to a criminal investigation that is not readily seen by the unaided eye is known as ________ evidence.

A)forensic
B)latent
C)exculpatory
D)documentary

Question 27

In Escobedo v.Illinois,the Supreme Court formally recognized a suspect's right to have an attorney present

A)at trial.
B)at an arraignment.
C)during interrogation.
D)upon arrest.

Question 28

Landmark cases clarify the procedural guidelines the criminal justice system must follow.

Question 29

Which Supreme Court case set the standard for a "stop and frisk"?

A)Brady v.U.S.
B)Argersinger v.Hamlin
C)Terry v.Ohio
D)Miranda v.Arizona

Question 30

In the case of Illinois v.Gates,the Supreme Court established the ________ test for evaluating whether information provided by an informant may be the basis for issuing a warrant.

A)totality of the circumstances
B)latent circumstances
C)good-faith
D)two-pronged

Question 31

The ________ exception to the exclusionary rule allows police to conduct warrantless searches of a vehicle.

A)fleeing-targets
B)plain view
C)good faith
D)reasonable suspicion

Question 32

When are the police required to read the Miranda warnings to a suspect?

A)When they arrest a suspect
B)Before conducting a stop-and-frisk
C)Before conducting a field interview
D)Before questioning an arrested suspect

Question 33

What legal concept provides the basis of suspicion less searches when public safety is at issue?

A)Fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine
B)Reasonable suspicion
C)Probable cause
D)Compelling interest

Question 34

________ involves tactics used by police interviewers that fall short of physical abuse but still pressure suspects to divulge information.

A)Interrogation
B)Inherent coercion
C)Deception
D)Coercion

Question 35

Which of the following fits the definition of interrogation,according to the Supreme Court?

A)A police officer questions a witness at the scene of a crime.
B)A police officer gives a suspect some instructions during booking.
C)A police officer places a suspect into a lineup.
D)A police officer gives a suspect his Miranda warning before conducting a search of the immediate area.

Question 36

The post-Warren Supreme Court has continued the trend of the Warren-era advances in the area of individual rights.

Question 37

According to the Supreme Court,the police may conduct a "stop and frisk" without a warrant based on

A)preponderance of evidence.
B)reasonable suspicion.
C)probable cause.
D)totality of the circumstances.

Question 38

The Warren Court used the Fourteenth Amendment to require both state and federal criminal justice agencies to adhere to the Court's interpretation of the Constitution.

Question 39

The Fourteenth Amendment is included in the Bill of Rights.

Question 40

Which federal law greatly expanded the ability of the police to intercept many forms of electronic communications?

A)The Telecommunications Act of 1996
B)The Electronic Communications Privacy Act of 1986
C)The USA PATRIOT Act of 2001
D)The Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act of 1994

Question 41

The current test for determining probable cause based on informant information is the two-pronged test.

Question 42

The Supreme Court recognized a suspect's right to have legal counsel present during interrogation in Escobedo v.Illinois.

Question 43

The case of Weeks v.U.S.only applied the exclusionary rule to federal law enforcement officers.

Question 44

Arrest following the questioning of a suspect is the most common type of arrest.

Question 45

Terry-type stops require reasonable suspicion.

Question 46

A lineup is a form of interrogation.

Question 47

A search incident to arrest may include the entire building in which the arrest was made.

Question 48

An anticipatory warrant only requires reasonable suspicion,not probable cause.

Question 49

The fruit of the poisonous tree doctrine is a legal principle that says that any evidence developed as the result of an illegal search or seizure may not be introduced at trial.

Question 50

The plain-view doctrine still applies if officers move objects so they can see evidence otherwise hidden from view.

Question 51

The only justification for an emergency warrantless search is the belief that there is an immediate threat that evidence will be removed or destroyed.

Question 52

The fleeing-targets exception to the exclusionary rule allows warrantless searches of vehicles.

Question 53

The good-faith exception may allow evidence obtained through an illegal search to be admitted at trial.

Question 54

Police may set up information-seeking roadblocks even though they are stopping people without any reasonable suspicion.

Question 55

The police may not search a person unless that person is suspected of a crime.

Question 56

A search incident to arrest may include the entire building in which the arrest was made.

Question 57

Mapp v.Ohio was a landmark case that restricted police from interrogating juveniles without their parents present.

Question 58

A person is under arrest if a law enforcement officer restricts that person's freedom to leave.

Question 59

During interrogation,the police are permitted to use psychological manipulation in some limited circumstances.

Question 60

Miranda rights do not apply to illegal immigrants living in the U.S.

Question 61

The ________ Amendment provides protection against arrest without probable cause.

Question 62

________ includes any police behaviors likely to produce an incriminating response from the suspect.

Question 63

________ exists when a set of facts and circumstances that would induce a reasonably intelligent and prudent person to believe that a particular person has committed a specific crime.

Question 64

The ________ exception to the exclusionary rule permits the use of evidence illegally seized by the police if the officers believed they were operating legally.

Question 65

The case of ________ set the standard for stop and frisk.

Question 66

Latent evidence is not readily seen by the unaided eye.

Question 67

The ________ exception to Miranda allows inappropriately-obtained evidence to be used at trial if it would have turned up anyway in the normal course of events.

Question 68

The ________ exception to the exclusionary rule applies to warrantless searches of vehicles.

Question 69

A suspect can only make a "knowing waiver" of his rights if he is able understand the consequences of not invoking the Miranda rights.

Question 70

A(n)________ occurs when a police officer restricts an individual's freedom to leave.

Question 71

________ involves tactics used by police interviews that fall short of physical abuse,but still pressure suspects to divulge information.

Question 72

When the police are conducting a phone tap,they must stop monitoring the call when it becomes obvious the conversation is innocent.

Question 73

A(n)________ waiver of Miranda rights requires that the suspect is able to understand those rights.

Question 74

The ________ holds that evidence illegally seized by the police cannot be used in a trial.

Question 75

The current approach for issuing a warrant based on information from an informant is the ________.

Question 76

The police are not required to provide a Miranda warning before questioning someone who is not under arrest.

Question 77

A(n)________ warrant does not claim that evidence is present at the time the warrant is requested but expects that the evidence will be there when the warrant is executed.

Question 78

A confession is a form of nontestimonial evidence.

Question 79

The ________ doctrine that is a legal principle that excludes from introduction at trial any evidence later developed as a result of an illegal search or seizure.

Question 80

Requiring all employees to take mandatory drug tests,regardless of any beliefs about their use of drugs,is an example of a(n)________ search.