Deck 4: Carbohydrates: Plant-Derived Energy Nutrients

Question 1

Which of the following monosaccharides is absorbed via facilitated diffusion?

A)fructose
B)maltose
C)galactose
D)glucose

Answer 1

A

Question 2

After a meal, which hormone is responsible for moving glucose into the body's cells?

A)glucagon
B)estrogen
C)CCK
D)insulin

Answer 2

D

Question 3

The term complex carbohydrates refers to:

A)monosaccharides.
B)disaccharides.
C)polysaccharides.
D)glucose.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Your friends tell you that they are planning to lose weight by replacing all of the white sugar in their diet with honey. What would you say to your friends?

A)They will lose weight because honey is natural and white sugar is processed.
B)They will not lose weight because honey has more kilocalories than an equal amount of white sugar.
C)They will not lose weight unless they switch from white sugar to molasses.
D)They will lose weight because honey is a form of maltose and white sugar is made from sucrose.

Question 5

Which of the following hormones signal the liver to breakdown glycogen and release glucose when blood glucose levels fall too low?

A)epinephrine and glucagon
B)insulin and gluconeogenesis
C)maltase and lactase
D)cortisol and glucogen

Question 6

One class of enzymes that breaks down carbohydrates is:

A)carbohydrase.
B)lipase.
C)pepsidase.
D)amylase.

Question 7

Which of the following would you expect to see in the body if the pancreatic beta cells were to stop functioning?

A)Insulin levels would increase.
B)Glucagon would not be produced.
C)Blood glucose levels would increase.
D)Gluconeogenesis would stop.

Question 8

Gluconeogenesis is:

A)the synthesis of new glucose from amino acids.
B)the release of stored glycogen from the liver.
C)the process by which plants use sunlight to synthesize glucose.
D)the uptake of glucose by the body's cells.

Question 9

You are developing a recipe for banana bread and would like it to be as sweet as possible; however, you only want to use a small amount of a natural, simple carbohydrate. Which of the following would be the BEST choice?

A)fructose
B)glucose
C)ribose
D)galactose

Question 10

Renee is preparing to compete in her first weight lifting competition. She has heard that athletes can use a technique called carbohydrate loading to improve their performance and asks you if you think she should try it. Which of the following would be the BEST response to her question?

A)Yes, she should carbohydrate load to increase her muscle glycogen.
B)No, she should not carbohydrate load because it only helps endurance athletes.
C)No, she should not carbohydrate load because protein is needed to increase muscle glycogen.
D)Yes, she should carbohydrate load because it will help her lose weight.

Question 11

The primary function of liver glycogen is:

A)to fuel the muscles.
B)to maintain blood glucose.
C)to provide energy for digestion.
D)to store fat in the liver cells.

Question 12

Which of the following is a five-carbon monosaccharide?

A)ribose
B)fructose
C)galactose
D)glucose

Question 13

Which of the following carbohydrates is the end product of photosynthesis?

A)glycogen
B)galactose
C)lactose
D)glucose

Question 14

In the body, the major storage sites for glycogen are the:

A)muscles and liver.
B)kidneys and muscles.
C)liver and kidney.
D)liver and pancreas.

Question 15

When fructose and glucose are bonded together, they form:

A)sucrose.
B)maltose.
C)lactose.
D)fructose.

Question 16

Which of the following describes how carbohydrates are processed in the stomach?

A)Carbohydrates are digested by stomach amylase.
B)Carbohydrates are absorbed directly from the stomach.
C)Carbohydrates are digested by stomach acids.
D)Carbohydrates are not digested in the stomach.

Question 17

Which of the following is classified as an oligosaccharide?

A)ribose
B)starch
C)raffinose
D)maltose

Question 18

You are interested in developing a fibre product that could promote regular bowl movements AND help reduce cholesterol levels. Which of the following fiber types would you consider including in your product?

A)hemicellulose
B)cellulose
C)lignins
D)pectins

Question 19

Your grandmother complains to you of frequent constipation. Which of the following types of fibre would you recommend she add to her diet?

A)mucilages
B)pectins
C)lignins
D)gums

Question 20

Which monosaccharide is the preferred source of energy for the brain?

A)glucose
B)fructose
C)galactose
D)glycogen

Question 21

Maiya has type 1 diabetes. She explains to you that she no longer wants to take her insulin injections and is going to control her blood glucose levels by eating a healthy diet. Is this course of action advisable?

A)Yes, if she can lose weight by dieting her blood glucose levels will normalize.
B)Yes, if she omits all simple sugars her blood glucose levels will normalize.
C)No, but she can switch to a pill form of insulin instead of injections.
D)No, she needs to continue the injections because her pancreas is unable to product insulin.

Question 22

Which of the following is thought to be a potential cause of type 1 diabetes?

A)excessive insulin production
B)insulin resistance or insensitivity
C)abdominal obesity
D)an autoimmune disease

Question 23

Which of the following hormones works to lower blood glucose?

A)glucagon
B)insulin
C)epinephrine
D)cortisol

Question 24

You find an individual lying on the ground unconscious. You notice that they have a medical alert bracelet for type 1 diabetes and their breath smells like nail polish remover. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely to have lead to the coma?

A)carbohydrate loading
B)ketoacidosis
C)hemorrhoids
D)heart attack

Question 25

A cookie that contains 25 grams of carbohydrates will have ________ kcal from carbohydrates.

A)25
B)100
C)175
D)225

Question 26

How many grams of carbohydrate (per day)are recommended to prevent ketosis in healthy individuals (RDA)?

A)75 grams
B)100 grams
C)130 grams
D)160 grams

Question 27

If you are eating 2300 kcal per day, approximately how many grams of fibre should you include in your daily diet?

A)22 g
B)32 g
C)51 g
D)87 g

Question 28

In the absence of carbohydrate, ________ are produced from the incomplete breakdown of body fat.

A)amino acids
B)amylases
C)ketones
D)glycogens

Question 29

Which of the following alternative sweeteners is derived from a plant native to South America?

A)xylitol
B)saccharin
C)aspartame
D)stevia

Question 30

Approximately 6% of Canadians over the age of 12 years have a form of diabetes. Which of the following is the most prevalent form of diabetes?

A)type 1
B)type 2
C)gestational
D)pediatric

Question 31

A diet low in fibre is associated with an increased risk of developing:

A)kidney stones.
B)dental caries.
C)ketoacidosis.
D)diverticulosis.

Question 32

Sugar alcohols are most often used in which of the following products?

A)diet sodas
B)baked confections
C)chewing gum
D)infant formulas

Question 33

Which of the following is associated with the development of ketosis?

A)a diet that contains too much fat
B)a diet that contains insufficient protein
C)a diet that contains too much fibre
D)a diet that contains insufficient carbohydrate

Question 34

Which of the following is a non-nutritive sweetener that could be used when baking cookies?

A)sucrose
B)sucralose
C)sorbitol
D)aspartame

Question 35

Ramone is a male who weighs 85 kg. He is concerned about the amount of acesulfame-K he is consuming by drinking one can of diet pop every day. You research his diet pop and find out that each can contains 13 mg of acesulfame-K. What would you tell Ramone?

A)He is well below his Acceptable Daily Intake of 1 275 mg/d of acesulfame-K.
B)He can drink one can per day because his Acceptable Daily Intake of acesulfame-K is 15 mg/d.
C)He can drink up to three cans per day because his Acceptable Daily Intake of acesulfame-K is 40 mg/d.
D)He should not be drinking any diet pop containing acesulfame-K because it can cause bladder tumours.

Question 36

Which of the following BEST describes the glycemic index?

A)an individual's ratio of glucose to insulin in a fasted state
B)the amount of insulin required to metabolize 100 grams of glucose
C)the glucose content per 100 grams of a given food
D)the extent to which a given food raises blood glucose and insulin

Question 37

Individuals with the disease PKU (phenylketonuria)should not consume the artificial sweetener aspartame. Why?

A)People with PKU have a higher risk of developing diabetes if they consume aspartame.
B)People with PKU are more likely to develop cancer if they consume aspartame.
C)People with PKU experience severe headaches if they consume aspartame.
D)People with PKU experience irreversible brain damage if they consume aspartame.

Question 38

Which of the following is a common source of added sugar in Canada?

A)100% fruit juice
B)sweetened soft drinks
C)chocolate milk
D)alcoholic beverages

Question 39

The glycemic load is:

A)the amount of carbohydrate required to reverse hypoglycemia.
B)the glycemic index divided by the weight of the food.
C)the glycemic index multiplied by the grams of carbohydrate.
D)equivalent to the glycemic index.

Question 40

Which of the following is directly associated with diets high in added sugars?

A)hyperactivity
B)tooth decay
C)diabetes
D)memory loss

Question 41

Shortly after eating a bowl of cream of mushroom soup you experience intestinal gas, bloating, and diarrhea. Your friend also ate the soup and appears to be fine. What is the most likely cause of your symptoms?

A)a milk allergy
B)hypoglycemia
C)lactose intolerance
D)food poisoning

Question 42

Which of the disaccharides would be the most likely to cause digestive problems? Explain why this may be the case.

Question 43

Which of the following foods would be the best choice for an individual with lactose intolerance to consume as a source of calcium?

A)yogourt
B)soft cheese
C)apple juice
D)ice cream

Question 44

Sarah's doctor wants to screen her for reactive hypoglycemia. If her doctor's suspicions are correct and Sarah does have reactive hypoglycemia, what would you expect her blood glucose concentration to be at approximately TWO HOURS after she had begun her glucose tolerance test?

A)elevated as compared to a normal individual
B)depressed as compared to a normal individual
C)the same as a normal individual
D)highly elevated as compared to a normal individual

Question 45

Explain how dietary fibre can affect blood glucose and cholesterol levels. How can this impact the risk for chronic diseases?

Question 46

Compare and contrast the storage of carbohydrates in plants and animals. Include information on the molecular structure and digestibility.

Question 47

A friend explains to you that she is going to continue drinking 20 oz of soda pop every day, as she heard on the radio that simple carbohydrates do not cause diabetes. How would you respond?

Question 48

How would you respond to someone who tells you they plan to lose weight by switching to non-caloric, artificial sweeteners? Explain the reasons for your response.

Question 49

Diabetes is a condition in which the body doesn't utilize ________ properly.

A)vitamins
B)protein
C)carbohydrates
D)fats

Question 50

Up to ________ of the world's adult population loses some ability to digest lactose as they age.

A)20%
B)30%
C)50%
D)70%

Question 51

Your friends tell you that they want to lose weight and have chosen to go on a low-carbohydrate diet. What would you say to your friends about this decision? How does the body respond when there is inadequate intake of dietary carbohydrate?

Question 52

If you wanted to eat a snack with a lower glycemic load, would you choose a banana that has 22 g of carbohydrate and a glycemic index of 52 or a slice of oat bran bread with 26 g of carbohydrates and a glycemic index of 47?

Question 53

Your personal diet analysis reveals that you are consuming 1 950 kcal per day and your fibre intake is 13 g per day. Based on this information what dietary changes, if any, should you make? Include suggestions for the types of foods you should be adding or removing from your diet.

Question 54

________ is a condition when the body produces too much insulin even when they have not eaten.

A)Reactive hypoglycemia
B)Type 1 diabetes
C)Fasting hypoglycemia
D)Gestational diabetes

Question 55

Compare and contrast the fuel sources a runner would be using in a 5 km race versus a 42.2 km marathon.

Question 56

Emma's doctor is concerned because she has a high risk for developing type 2 diabetes. Which of the following is her doctor most likely to recommend?

A)Emma should begin a diet and exercise program.
B)Emma should omit all carbohydrates from her diet.
C)Emma should take an insulin injection daily.
D)Emma should drink one glass of red wine with dinner.

Question 57

At a parent support program for parents with children who have behavioural problems or hyperactivity, one of the parents comments that they have omitted sugar from their child's diet in an effort to calm them down. Would you expect improvements in the child's behaviour with this dietary intervention? Explain why or why not?

Question 58

Lactose intolerance is due to a(n):

A)insensitivity to lactose.
B)deficiency of lactase.
C)unhealthy bacteria living in the gut.
D)allergy to the milk protein casein.

Question 59

Aakesh's doctor wants to screen him for type 1 diabetes. If his doctor's suspicions are correct and Aakesh's does have type 1 diabetes, what would you expect his blood glucose concentration to be at approximately TWO HOURS after he had begun his glucose tolerance test?

A)elevated as compared to a normal individual
B)depressed as compared to a normal individual
C)the same as an individual with impaired glucose tolerance
D)elevated as compared to an individual with type 2 diabetes

Question 60

In type 1 diabetes, the ________ may be destroyed by an autoimmune disease.

A)hepatocytes of the liver
B)beta cells of the pancreas
C)alpha cells of the pancreas
D)glomerulus cells of the kidney

Question 61

Alistair has just finished breakfast. Explain how his body will regulate his blood glucose levels until lunch time. Include information on the hormonal factors that are responsible for this control?

Question 62

A company would like to develop a drug that will help people lose weight by inhibiting the digestion and consequently absorption of carbohydrates. Which enzymes should they target and why? Where in the digestive tract does the drug need to work? What would you expect some potential side-effects to be?

Question 63

You have been asked to develop a pamphlet to inform the general public about type 1 and type 2 diabetes. What information would you include to describe the similarities and differences between the two types with respect to: cause or risk factors, prevalence, signs and symptoms, and treatments.