Deck 7: Metabolism: From Food to Life

Question 1

Which cellular organelle is the primary site of ATP production?

A)ribosome
B)cytoplasm
C)endoplasmic reticulum
D)mitochondrion

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The catabolism of glucose occurs in which cellular compartment?

A)mitochondrion
B)cytoplasm
C)nucleus
D)intercellular fluid

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which reaction represents dephosphorylation?

A)ATP → ADP + P_i
B)glucose + fructose → sucrose
C)maltose → glucose + glucose
D)glucose + ATP → glucose phosphate

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The primary high energy molecule in human metabolism is:

A)nicotinamide dinucleotide.
B)alcohol.
C)glucose.
D)adenosine triphosphate.

Question 5

What is the net production of ATP in anaerobic glycolysis from one glucose molecule?

A)1
B)2
C)4
D)32

Question 6

The coenzyme flavin adenine dinucleotide is derived from a:

A)protein.
B)B vitamin.
C)mineral.
D)phosphate.

Question 7

When oxygen is plentiful, pyruvate from glucose is converted to:

A)acetyl CoA.
B)glycogen.
C)glucose 6-phosphate.
D)lactate.

Question 8

The production of energy from carbohydrates through oxidation-reduction reactions ultimately yields:

A)hydrogen and nitrogen.
B)carbon monoxide and a free radical.
C)water and carbon dioxide.
D)glucose and fructose.

Question 9

The process of making large molecules from smaller ones is termed:

A)catabolism.
B)anabolism.
C)hydrolysis.
D)metabolism.

Question 10

At the end of glycolysis, glucose has been catabolized to form two molecules of:

A)glucose-6-phosphate.
B)pyruvate.
C)adenosine-diphosphate.
D)glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.

Question 11

The first step of glycolysis is:

A)deamination of glucose.
B)dephosphorylation of glucose.
C)phosphorylation of glucose.
D)condensation of glucose.

Question 12

Which of the following coenzymes is associated with greatest ATP production?

A)nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
B)flavin adenine dinucleotide
C)glucokinase
D)sucrase

Question 13

Lactose is formed by which classification of reaction?

A)condensation
B)hydrolysis
C)hydrogen bonding
D)phosphorylation

Question 14

The process of breaking down large molecules to release energy is termed:

A)catabolism.
B)anabolism.
C)hydrolysis.
D)metabolism.

Question 15

________ is an anabolic reaction in which water is released as a by-product.

A)Hydrolysis
B)Condensation
C)Phosphorylation
D)Dephosphorylation

Question 16

The breakdown of maltose into two monosaccharides occurs through a ________ reaction.

A)condensation
B)hydrolysis
C)phosphorylation
D)hydrogen bonding

Question 17

Which of the following cells must rely on anaerobic metabolism for ATP production?

A)liver cells
B)epidermal cells
C)red blood cells
D)neuronal cells

Question 18

Which of the following coenzymes is capable of an oxidation-reduction reaction?

A)flavin adenine dinucleotide
B)hydrochloric acid
C)glucokinase
D)iron

Question 19

A molecule that gives up electrons is:

A)reduced.
B)condensed.
C)oxidized.
D)hydrolyzed.

Question 20

In the absence of oxygen, glucose is catabolized to:

A)glycogen.
B)phosphoenolpyruvate.
C)lactic acid.
D)adenosine monophosphate.

Question 21

The catabolism of triglycerides is called:

A)glycolysis.
B)TCA.
C)lipolysis.
D)lipogenesis.

Question 22

Fruity breath is a sign of:

A)lipolysis.
B)ketoacidosis.
C)lacticacidosis.
D)glycogenolysis.

Question 23

Fatty acid oxidation takes place in the:

A)cytosol.
B)mitochondria.
C)cell membrane.
D)endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 24

Glucose is stored in the body as:

A)triglyceride.
B)glycogen.
C)fatty acid.
D)gluconeogenesis.

Question 25

Cynthia just finished eating a balanced meal and is now watching the television. Which of the following is providing the majority of her cells' energy needs?

A)lipolysis
B)gluconeogenesis
C)oxidative glycolysis
D)deamination

Question 26

The end products of deamination are:

A)carbon skeleton and ammonia.
B)glucose and fatty acids.
C)ATP and urea.
D)carbon dioxide and water.

Question 27

Which hormone, produced by pancreas, is a counter regulatory to insulin?

A)glucagon
B)epinephrine
C)testosterone
D)cortisol

Question 28

The process of producing glucose from non-carbohydrate sources is called:

A)glycolysis.
B)gluconeogenesis.
C)glycogenolysis.
D)lipolysis.

Question 29

The reaction between acetyl CoA and oxaloacetate yields ________, the starting molecule in the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA).

A)pyruvate
B)citrate
C)ATP
D)carbon dioxide

Question 30

In the first step of alcohol oxidation, the action of ADH converts ethanol into:

A)methanol.
B)pyruvate.
C)acetaldehyde.
D)acetyl CoA.

Question 31

Which food should be avoided in galactosemia?

A)skim milk
B)whole wheat bread
C)oranges
D)diet sodas

Question 32

Which molecule is common to catabolism of fat and glucose?

A)phosphofructokinase
B)hexokinase
C)pyruvate
D)acetyl CoA

Question 33

In chronic alcohol consumption, the ________ pathway becomes important in metabolizing large amounts of alcohol.

A)microsomal ethanol oxidizing system (MEOS)
B)first pass
C)alcohol dehydrogenase
D)aldehyde dehydrogenase

Question 34

The primary anabolic hormone is:

A)cortisol.
B)epinephrine.
C)glucagon.
D)insulin.

Question 35

Which of the following situations will result in a buildup of ketones in the blood?

A)low carbohydrate diet
B)high levels of oxaloacetate
C)low levels of carnitine
D)low fat diet

Question 36

Juan ate a healthy, well-balanced meal four hours ago and is resting comfortably on the couch. Which metabolic pathway is providing most of his ATP?

A)beta oxidation
B)glycolysis
C)glucose oxidation
D)lipogenesis

Question 37

Which of the following is equivalent to one drink of alcohol?

A)341 mL of beer
B)175 mL of wine
C)60 mL of distilled spirits
D)250 mL of wine cooler

Question 38

Which of the following enzymes is involved in the breakdown of triglycerides stored in adipose cells?

A)hormone-sensitive lipase
B)hexokinase
C)albumin
D)peptidase

Question 39

The tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA)is a continuous circle of how many metabolic reactions?

A)4
B)8
C)11
D)21

Question 40

The oxidation of alcohol occurs primarily in the:

A)pancreas.
B)stomach.
C)bloodstream.
D)liver.

Question 41

What percentage of Canadian university students reported consuming alcohol at least once in the previous month.

A)27%
B)38%
C)77%
D)86%

Question 42

What would be the effects of an iron deficiency on the enzymes that require iron for their activation?

Question 43

Shelley needs to be home in two hours. She has had three drinks in the past hour and would like to speed up the metabolism of alcohol so she can drive home. What advice would you provide her?

A)Drink a cup of coffee and wait one hour before driving.
B)Take a cab, there is nothing she can do to bring her blood levels down in time.
C)Take a brisk walk for 30 minutes and then drive home.
D)Take an herbal supplement for alcohol metabolism and wait for one hour before driving.

Question 44

The process by which an amine group of an amino acid can be transferred onto a keto acid to synthesize a new non-essential amino acid is called:

A)lipogenesis.
B)transamination.
C)proteolysis.
D)ketogenesis.

Question 45

Carnitine has been sold as a "fat burning" supplement. Most studies find that carnitine supplementation is not effective in those with adequate levels; however, explain why someone might argue that carnitine can help "burn fat."

Question 46

You have eaten a large meal that provided an excessive amount of carbohydrates, ketogenic amino acids, and alcohol. What process will your body use to convert these nutrients to a form of energy that can be easily stored?

A)gluconeogenesis
B)lipogenesis
C)transamination
D)glycolysis

Question 47

Explain why it would be detrimental for all of the body's glycogen to be stored in the muscles.

Question 48

Explain why triglycerides are the most useful form of stored energy.

Question 49

Glucagon-like peptide-1 is a hormone that stimulates insulin and suppresses glucagon. What do you think an injection of glucagon-like peptide-1 would do to an individual's blood glucose levels?

Question 50

Chantelle is a young girl with epilepsy. What type of diet might she be prescribed to reduce the severity of her seizures?

A)a diet high in fat
B)a diet high in protein
C)a diet high in carbohydrate
D)a diet consisting of liquid foods

Question 51

Karl is a sedentary university student. If he were to consume a meal that provided more protein than his body needed, the extra amino acids would be:

A)stored in the liver.
B)used for energy.
C)eliminated in the urine.
D)used to build muscle tissue.

Question 52

In a building phase, an athlete will be gaining muscle mass. Explain which process, catabolism or anabolism, will dominate in this situation.

Question 53

If you were to consume an extremely large meal of fettucini alfredo, your body would:

A)use the carbohydrate for energy and store the fat in the adipose tissue.
B)use the fat for energy and store the carbohydrate as muscle glycogen.
C)use the fat and carbohydrate equally for its energy needs.
D)convert all of the carbohydrate to fat and use amino acids for energy.

Question 54

When creating a protein, amino acids are linked by a peptide bond and a molecule of water is released. What type of a reaction is this? Would this reaction require energy or release energy? Explain why.

Question 55

In addition to the small intestine, alcohol is absorbed directly from the:

A)mouth.
B)esophagus.
C)stomach.
D)large intestine.

Question 56

Explain why relying on amino acids as the primary source of ATP would be less effective than relying on carbohydrates or fats.

Question 57

The process of converting glycogen to glucose is an example of:

A)catabolism.
B)anabolism.
C)glycolysis.
D)condensation.

Question 58

Individuals following a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet will use more protein as an energy source. In light of this, what other dietary adjustment should they make?

A)increase their intake of sucrose
B)increase their intake of acidic foods
C)increase their intake of saturated fats
D)increase their intake of fluids

Question 59

A group of researchers is looking at the effects of emotional stress on blood glucose levels. They measure blood glucose levels in 350 post-secondary students during the summer holidays and then again during final exams. What changes would you expect to see in blood glucose levels? Explain why this would be the case?

Question 60

What is ATP? Why is it called the energy currency of the cell? Be specific.

Question 61

Discuss the metabolic shifts that occur during short-term and long-term fasting.

Question 62

A doctor sees a patient who is asking for a prescription for pain killers. The patient explains that they used to cope with the pain by drinking three beers each evening but that they don't notice the same euphoric feeling anymore. The doctor can smell alcohol on the patient's breath and suspects that the patient often abuses alcohol. The doctor refuses to give the patient a prescription for pain killers. What can the doctor say to explain why the patient does not feel an effect after consuming 3 beers any longer. Is the doctor's decision to refuse pain killers correct? Explain why or why not. Include information on how alcohol is metabolized in your response.

Question 63

Omar is a marathon runner. He tells you that he has heard that fat is the primary energy source used for endurance events and that he is going to switch to a high-fat, low-carbohydrate diet to improve his performance. Do you agree with him? Why or why not?