Deck 6: Proteins: Crucial Components of All Body Tissues

Question 1

Imagine your body is in the process of building a protein and finds that the supply of tryptophan is the smallest in relation to the body's need. In this case, tryptophan is considered to be the:

A)essential amino acid.
B)minor amino acid.
C)limiting amino acid.
D)incomplete amino acid.

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Carlos has a burrito with beans and rice for dinner. He has used the ________ to ensure he is getting a complete protein.

A)protein combining method
B)amino acid sequencing method
C)process of mutual supplementation
D)process of complementary supplementation

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The specific function of a protein is determined by its:

A)sequence of amino acids.
B)length.
C)three-dimensional shape.
D)electric charge.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which part of an individual amino acid distinguishes it from other amino acids?

A)side chain
B)central carbon
C)amine group
D)acid group

Question 5

The process of transferring the amine group from one amino acid to another is called:

A)gene expression.
B)alteration.
C)deamination.
D)transamination.

Question 6

A complete protein:

A)contains all 20 amino acids.
B)contains all 9 essential amino acids.
C)cannot be denatured by heat or acid.
D)is easily digested in the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 7

The part of the protein molecule that carries nitrogen is the:

A)acid group.
B)amine group.
C)side chain group.
D)hydrogen group.

Question 8

A genetic mutation can alter the protein being produced by changing:

A)the amine group.
B)the amino acid sequence.
C)the side-chain.
D)the peptide bond.

Question 9

Oligopeptides are a string of ________ amino acids.

A)1-2
B)4-9
C)10-15
D)more than 25

Question 10

Which of the following amino acids is essential?

A)arginine
B)valine
C)glycine
D)alanine

Question 11

Amino acids are joined together by which specific bond?

A)lipase
B)disulphide
C)hydrogen
D)peptide

Question 12

Two amino acids are joined together by a peptide bond to form a dipeptide. What is the by-product of this process?

A)ammonia
B)water
C)carbon dioxide
D)hydrochloric acid

Question 13

Foods that can be combined to provide all nine essential amino acids are called:

A)complementary foods.
B)mutually exclusive foods.
C)protein combining foods.
D)whole foods.

Question 14

What element makes protein different from carbohydrate and fat?

A)carbon
B)hydrogen
C)oxygen
D)nitrogen

Question 15

How many amino acids are considered to be essential?

A)none
B)five
C)nine
D)20

Question 16

Which of the following foods is a source of complete proteins?

A)broccoli
B)beans
C)tuna fish
D)whole-grain bread

Question 17

Protein digestion begins in the:

A)mouth.
B)stomach.
C)small intestine.
D)pancreas.

Question 18

In some cases, cooking a food can prevent an allergic reaction to the offending protein. Why might this be?

A)Heating the food can denature the protein.
B)Heating the food can destroy the amino acids.
C)Heating the food can prevent transcription.
D)Heating the food can result in deamination.

Question 19

The sequential order of the amino acids is called the:

A)primary structure.
B)secondary structure.
C)tertiary structure.
D)quaternary structure.

Question 20

The side chain of an amino acid is often referred to as the ________ group.

A)A
B)Q
C)N
D)R

Question 21

Proteases are:

A)protein messengers that alter the body's homeostasis.
B)transport proteins that move substances throughout the body.
C)defense proteins that attack foreign bacteria, viruses, and toxins.
D)enzymes that break down proteins.

Question 22

Which of the following is an inherited protein metabolism disorder characterized by a severe respiratory illness?

A)cystic fibrosis
B)mad cow disease
C)acidosis
D)kwashiorkor

Question 23

Which of the following health problems has been associated with high protein intakes from animal sources?

A)elevated blood cholesterol
B)marasmus
C)edema
D)sickle cell anemia

Question 24

Which hormone controls the production of hydrochloric acid and the release of pepsin?

A)pepsinogen
B)insulin
C)cholecystokinin
D)gastrin

Question 25

Enzymes differ from hormones because only enzymes:

A)act as chemical messengers.
B)are made from proteins.
C)speed up chemical reactions.
D)are made in the gastrointestinal tract.

Question 26

The type of protein-energy malnutrition characterized by sufficient intake of energy but a lack of protein in the diet is called:

A)marasmus.
B)sickle cell anemia.
C)cystic fibrosis.
D)kwashiorkor.

Question 27

During your travels you see several children that have a "skin and bones " appearance. Knowing that access to food is a concern you assume they have:

A)kwashiorkor.
B)marasmus.
C)sickle cell anemia.
D)cystic fibrosis.

Question 28

Maria is a reasonably healthy 19-year-old college student who is sedentary. She weighs 66 kg. Approximately, how many grams of protein would you recommend she consume each day?

A)45 grams
B)53 grams
C)66 grams
D)73 grams

Question 29

Which of the following foods would contain the highest protein content?

A)250 mL of broccoli
B)75 g of chicken
C)250 mL of brown rice
D)250 mL of skim milk

Question 30

Individuals with chronic lung disease may experience respiratory acidosis. What would be the direct effect of acidosis in the body?

A)a denaturing of body proteins
B)an alkalosis of the blood
C)a buildup of fluid in the tissues
D)an electrolyte imbalance

Question 31

The absorption of amino acids primarily occurs in the:

A)stomach.
B)small intestine.
C)large intestine.
D)liver.

Question 32

Which of the following proteins are fundamental to the immune system?

A)enzymes
B)antibodies
C)buffers
D)transport proteins

Question 33

The type of protein-energy malnutrition characterized by a general lack of protein, energy, and nutrients in the diet is called:

A)marasmus.
B)sickle cell anemia.
C)cystic fibrosis.
D)kwashiorkor.

Question 34

Which of the following is used to measure protein quality in the protein digestibility corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)method?

A)the protein efficiency ratio in a healthy adult
B)the proportion of absorbed protein that is incorporated into the body
C)the average amount of weight gained per 100 g of food consumed
D)the amino acid requirements, adjusted for digestibility, of a 2- to 5-year-old child

Question 35

Which of the following represents a positive nitrogen balance?

A)pregnancy
B)extended bed rest
C)severe weight loss
D)increased body fat

Question 36

Protein needs can be determined through a specialized procedure called:

A)protein recycling.
B)ins and outs.
C)nitrogen balance.
D)amino acid balance.

Question 37

Which of the following supplements would you recommend a vegan add to his/her diet?

A)protein
B)fiber
C)vitamin B₁₂
D)vitamin C

Question 38

Jeffrey is a strength athlete who eats a well-balanced diet of red meat, fish, grains, and fruits and vegetables. He weighs 92 kg. Approximately, what is the MINIMUM amount of protein would you recommend he eat on a daily basis?

A)74 grams
B)110 grams
C)156 grams
D)166 grams

Question 39

To use proteins for energy, the amine group is removed from the amino acid in a process called:

A)transamination.
B)deamination.
C)denaturation.
D)transport.

Question 40

Vegetarian diets are associated with increased consumption of:

A)carcinogens.
B)antioxidants.
C)iron.
D)vitamin D.

Question 41

Protein digestion begins in the stomach with the help of the enzyme:

A)pepsin.
B)gastrin.
C)denaturase.
D)trypsin.

Question 42

Which of the following foods would provide a complete source of protein for someone following a vegan diet?

A)tofu
B)beans
C)cottage cheese
D)spinach

Question 43

Alberto would like to lower his cholesterol intakes while maintaining his protein intakes. What types of foods would you recommend for him?

Question 44

Which of the following would you experience if you were to substitute legumes for red meat in your dinner?

A)increased iron
B)increased omega-3 fatty acids
C)increased fibre
D)increased vitamin B₁₂

Question 45

Lightweight rowers need to maintain their bodyweight within a very narrow range due to the body weight restrictions associated with their sport. A rowing coach asks you to test his athletes to determine the amount of protein each rower requires to maintain their body weight. Explain how you would determine their protein requirements to get the most accurate measurement.

Question 46

DNA provides the code for the sequence of amino acids. In a point mutation, a single nitrogen base changes, resulting in a different amino acid. Imagine this change in amino acid resulted in a change in the shape of an antibody. Why would this be a concern?

Question 47

Imagine you have been asked to develop a diet plan for a vegetarian, long-distance swimmer who weighs 70 kg. How much protein would you recommend they consume per day? Would they require a protein supplement to meet their needs?

Question 48

What would you say to someone who tells you that it is important for Canadians to increase their red meat consumption to meet their protein needs?

Question 49

Which of the following foods would be the BEST source of calcium for a lacto-ovo-vegetarian?

A)an apple
B)a glass of milk
C)a bowl of white rice
D)salted peanuts

Question 50

Textured vegetable protein (TVP)is often consumed by people following a vegan diet to help them meet their protein needs. The product is usually fortified with vitamin B₁₂. Do you agree with fortifying TVP with vitamin B₁₂? Why or why not?

Question 51

Oral digestive enzyme tablets are often covered in a special protective coating. Explain why this coating is necessary and what would happen if it was not present.

Question 52

Davis needs to ensure that he consumes sufficient tyrosine through dietary sources. Which of the following diseases is he most likely to have?

A)phenylketonuria (PKU)
B)sickle cell anemia
C)kwashiorkor
D)metabolic acidosis

Question 53

Susan is a healthy, 25-year-old female who participates in a small amount of exercise weekly. She calculates that she consumes an average 15% of her total energy from a combination of plant and animal protein sources. Susan should:

A)decrease her protein intake.
B)increase her protein intake.
C)maintain her protein intake.
D)consume all of her protein from plant sources.

Question 54

Inu is following a vegan diet. She decides to have some rice for dinner. Which of the following foods should she include in her meal to ensure she consumes all of the essential amino acids?

A)a fried egg
B)lentils
C)sesame seeds
D)broccoli

Question 55

What is the role of the proteases found in the small intestine?

Question 56

You decide to do a diet analysis for your grandfather because he has just been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. When you look at the results, you find that proteins make up 50% of his total energy for the day. Furthermore, the majority of his protein comes from animal products. What are the potential health concerns with his protein intake?

Question 57

Kwashiorkor is easily identified by:

A)a "skin and bone" appearance.
B)swollen belly.
C)increased appetite.
D)respiratory problems.

Question 58

A deficiency of folate, niacin, and vitamin B₆ can inhibit the body's ability to form the amino acid serine. How would you classify serine in this case?

Question 59

Justine is an endurance athlete who has recently switched to a vegetarian diet. Which of the following is she MOST likely to experience?

A)weight gain
B)protein deficiency
C)increased risk of cancer
D)iron deficiency

Question 60

A genetic disorder caused by a single amino acid error in hemoglobin is called:

A)phenylketonuria.
B)cystic fibrosis.
C)sickle cell anemia.
D)marasmus.

Question 61

Imagine you have been asked to participate in a debate in favour of vegetarian diets. What key points would you use to convince people of the reasons for choosing a vegetarian diet and its potential health benefits? Finally, refute any claims regarding the potential for nutrient deficiencies.

Question 62

Your sister is a high-level cross-country skier. She tells you that her teammates have all begun to take a protein supplement to increase the energy that they have to complete their workouts and races. Consider the roles of protein in the body. Do you agree with their logic? Explain why or why not? What would you recommend as an energy source for cross-country skiers?

Question 63

Your friends explain to you that their recent nutritional assessment found they were low in protein. A more in-depth analysis revealed that their intakes of the amino acid lysine were particularly low. Your friends ask you to explain the concept of protein quality and how it can be measured. They also ask you to recommend some foods that would be good sources of lysine.