Deck 17: Urinary System

Question 1

Blood flows from the efferent arterioles into the __________.

A) renal arteries
B) peritubular capillaries
C) interlobar arteries
D) arcuate arteries
E) glomerular capillaries

Answer 1

peritubular capillaries

Question 2

The efferent arteriole supplies blood to the capillaries of the glomerulus.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Uric acid results from the metabolism of nucleic acids.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

When the water concentration in body fluids increases, the secretion of ADH increases.

Question 5

Which of the following is not part of the urine-formation process?

A) Glomerular filtration
B) Tubular reabsorption
C) Tubular secretion
D) Micturation

Question 6

Afferent arterioles are branches of the __________.

A) renal arteries
B) arcuate arteries
C) interlobar arteries
D) cortical radiatearteries
E) efferent arterioles

Question 7

Urine is forced along the length of the ureter by peristaltic waves.

Question 8

Where does the reabsorption of glucose primarily occur?

A) In the glomerular capsule
B) In the nephron loop
C) In the proximal convoluted tubule
D) In the distal convoluted tubule
E) In the renal pelvis

Question 9

Which of the following indicates the parts of a renal tubule in the correct sequence from beginning to end?

A) Proximal convoluted tubule, ascending limb of the nephron loop, descending limb of the nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
B) Distal convoluted tubule, ascending limb of the nephron loop, descending limb of the nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule
C) Proximal convoluted tubule, descending limb of the nephron loop, ascending limb of the nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule
D) Descending limb of the nephron loop, ascending limb of the nephron loop, proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule
E) Descending limb of the nephron loop, ascending limb of the nephron loop, distal convoluted tubule, proximal convoluted tubule

Question 10

The kidneys lie on the posterior abdominal wall within the peritoneal cavity.

Question 11

What two structures constitute the renal corpuscle?

A) Glomerulus and glomerularcapsule
B) Glomerulus and renal tubule
C) Renal tubule and glomerular capsule
D) Renal tubule and collecting duct
E) Glomerulus and collecting duct

Question 12

What would happen if the arteriole that supplies blood to the glomerulus constricts?

A) Blood flow into the efferent arteriole would increase.
B) The glomerular filtration rate would decrease.
C) The hydrostatic pressure in the glomerulus would increase.
D) The protein concentration of the glomerular filtrate would increase.
E) The glomerular filtration rate would increase.

Question 13

Glomerular filtrate is nearly protein free.

Question 14

The reabsorption of sodium under the influence of aldosteroneoccurs primarily in the __________.

A) glomerular capsule
B) nephron loop
C) proximal convoluted tubule
D) distal convoluted tubule
E) renal pelvis

Question 15

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) functions to promote water reabsorption. Where are the receptors for ADH located?

A) In the distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct
B) In the proximal convoluted tubule
C) In the ascending limb of the nephron loop
D) In the descending limb of the nephron loop
E) In the glomerular capillaries

Question 16

If the colloid osmotic pressure of the blood plasma is decreased, the glomerular filtration rate will increase.

Question 17

Glomerular filtrate has a composition similar to tissue fluid.

Question 18

The urethra transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

Question 19

Sodium ions are reabsorbed through the wall of the renal tubule by active transport. As a result, what happens to chloride ions?

A) Chloride ions are reabsorbed by active transport.
B) Chloride ions are reabsorbed passively by electrical attraction.
C) Chloride ions are secreted by active transport.
D) Chloride ions are secreted by simple diffusion.
E) Chloride ions are secreted by facilitated diffusion.

Question 20

The kidneys play an important role in the regulation of red-blood-cell production.

Question 21

Blood flow into what structure would be affected by an obstruction in the glomerulus?

A) Renal artery
B) Proximal convoluted tubule
C) Efferent arteriole
D) Collecting duct
E) Afferent arteriole

Question 22

If the filtration membrane were made more porous, how would this affect the glomerular filtration rate?

A) Increase in glomerular filtration rate
B) Decrease in glomerular filtration rate
C) No change in glomerular filtration rate

Question 23

Shock-wave lithotripsy is a procedure for __________ kidney stones.

A) detecting
B) fragmenting
C) preventing
D) visualizing
E) experimentally causing

Question 24

What is the effector of the micturition reflex?

A) Sacral portion of the spinal cord
B) Ureter
C) Nephron
D) Glomerulus
E) Detrusor muscle

Question 25

What is a function of the kindeys?

A) Synthesis of vitamin D
B) Digestion of chemicals
C) Regulation of blood-glucose levels
D) Excretion of carbon dioxide
E) Regulation of lymphocyte production

Question 26

An automatic bladder is one that empties too frequently, and the person does not have voluntary control over when to empty his or her bladder. This disorder is a result of neurological damage to which location?

A) Spinal cord above the sacral region
B) Spinal cord below the sacral region
C) Sensory nerve of the micturition reflex
D) Motor nerve of the micturition reflex
E) Receptors on the detrusor muscle

Question 27

In response to a decrease in concentration of blood __________, the kidneys secrete __________.

A) calcium; renin
B) oxygen; erythropoietin
C) sodium; aldosterone
D) potassium; ADH
E) glucose; insulin

Question 28

Substance A is transported from the fluid of the renal tubule into the plasma of the peritubular capillary. Substance A is said to be __________.

A) filtered
B) absorbed
C) secreted
D) reabsorbed
E) excreted

Question 29

Substance A is transported from the plasma of the peritubular capillary into the fluid of the renal tubule. Substance A is said to be __________.

A) filtered
B) absorbed
C) secreted
D) reabsorbed
E) retained

Question 30

How and where are the largest quantity of hydrogen ions secreted?

A) Passively into the proximal convoluted tubule
B) Passively into the distal convoluted tubule
C) Actively into the proximal convoluted tubule
D) Actively into the distal convoluted tubule
E) Passively into the collecting duct

Question 31

Where are the stretch receptorsof the micturition reflex located?

A) Renal artery
B) Ureter
C) Urinary bladder
D) Hypothalamus
E) Nephron

Question 32

Which of the following are least likely to be in glomerular filtrate?

A) Plasma proteins
B) Glucose molecules
C) Amino-acid molecules
D) Bicarbonate ions
E) Water molecules

Question 33

Which of the following is an abnormal constituent of urine?

A) Urea
B) Uric acid
C) Creatinine
D) Water
E) Glucose

Question 34

Where is the micturition reflex center located?

A) Sacral portion of the spinal cord
B) Medulla oblongata
C) Pons
D) Hypothalamus
E) Cerebral cortex

Question 35

Decrease in albumin in the blood would __________ glomerular filtration pressure and __________ glomerular filtration rate.

A) decrease; decrease
B) increase; increase
C) decrease; increase
D) increase; decrease

Question 36

Why is cystitis more common in females than in males?

A) The female urethra is shorter than that of the male.
B) The male is more resistant to infections.
C) The female bladder is larger.
D) The male bladder wall is thicker.
E) The female is less resistantto infections.

Question 37

Gout is a condition in which the plasma has an abnormally high concentration of __________.

A) uric acid
B) urea
C) calcium ions
D) amino acids
E) phosphate ions

Question 38

The ureters extend downward __________ the parietal peritoneum on the posterior abdominal wall and join the urinary bladder from __________.

A) behind; above
B) behind; below
C) in front of; above
D) in front of; below

Question 39

As a result of excessively low arterial blood pressure, glomerular hydrostatic pressure __________, and filtration __________.

A) increases; increases
B) increases; decreases
C) decreases; increases
D) decreases; decreases

Question 40

Kidney stones are least likely to be composed of __________.

A) uric acid
B) calcium oxalate
C) cholesterol
D) magnesium phosphates
E) calcium phosphate

Question 41

The bundles of interlaced muscular fibers in the wall of the urinary bladder comprise the __________ muscle.

Question 42

An antibiotic circulating in the blood passes through the kidneys. Only a miniscule amount of it passes from the glomerular capillary into the glomerular filtrate. When its presence in the urine is measured, it has been almost completely excreted. How is this possible?

A) During the process of reabsorption, flow of water across the tubular membrane into the peritubular capillary passively encourages the antibiotic to cross the opposite way.
B) Stimulation from nerves causes the efferent arteriole to constrict and force the antibiotic through the glomerular capillary into the filtrate.
C) The antibiotic is actively transported into the proximal tubule during tubular secretion.
D) Sodium ions crossing into the blood of the peritubular capillary increases osmotic pressure and forces the antibiotic into the proximal tubule.

Question 43

Water reabsorption occurs throughout the proximal tubule by the passive process of __________.

Question 44

The __________ arteriole supplies blood to the capillaries of the glomerulus.

Question 45

Where are the renal pyramids located within the kidney?

A) Renal medulla
B) Renal cortex
C) Renal sinus
D) Renal pelvis
E) Renal capsule

Question 46

Most sodium reabsorption occurs in the __________ convoluted tubule of the nephron.

Question 47

The renal corpuscle of a nephron is located within the renal __________.

Question 48

What would be the likely outcome if tubular reabsorption in the nephron did not occur?

A) Accumulation of toxic waste in the blood
B) Excessive loss of fluids and, eventually, death
C) Cessation of urination
D) Excessive retention of electrolytes and glucose

Question 49

A(n) __________ transports urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder.

Question 50

Why is the right kidney lower in the abdominal cavity than the left kidney?

A) The right kidney is smaller than the left kidney.
B) The liver is large and takes up more space on the right.
C) The left kidney is attached to the spleen.
D) The large instestine pushes the right kidney inferiorly.

Question 51

The triangular area on the internal floor of the urinary bladder with an opening at each of its angles is called the __________.

Question 52

Which of the following correctly lists the order of structures through which urine flows after its formation in the nephron?

A) Calyx, renal pelvis, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
B) Renal pelvis, calyx, ureter, urinary bladder, urethra
C) Calyx, renal pelvis, urethra, ureter, urinary bladder
D) Renal pelvis, calyx, urinary bladder, ureter, urethra

Question 53

The tuft of capillarieslocated between the afferent and efferent arterioles is the __________.

Question 54

Brian became dehydrated after a long run in the hot summer sun because he did not drink enough water. What will be the volume and concentration of his urine?

A) Small amount of concentrated urine
B) Small amount of diluted urine
C) Large amount of concentrated urine
D) Large amount of diluted urine