Deck 17: Chemistry and Medicine

Question 1

Which ingredient in an OTC cold medication would be used to shrink nasal tissues?

A) expectorant
B) antihistamine
C) antitussive
D) decongestant

Answer 1

decongestant

Question 2

Of the following, which is not a stimulant?

A) amphetamine
B) cocaine
C) methamphetamine
D) ethanol

Answer 2

ethanol

Question 3

Which substance would be used to treat an extreme allergic reaction (an anaphylactic shock)?

A) L-dopa
B) antihistamine
C) serotonin
D) epinephrine

Answer 3

epinephrine

Question 4

Penicillins work by

A) by interfering with cell metabolism
B) preventing ovulation
C) shutting down production of folic acid
D) inhibiting enzyme that forms cross-linking in bacteria cell wall synthesis

Question 5

Which is not a chemical used to treat an infectious disease caused by microorganisms?

A) L-dopa
B) cephalosporins
C) tetracylines
D) penicillins

Question 6

Which of the following is not an analgesic?

A) heroin
B) serotonin
C) aspirin
D) ibuprofen

Question 7

AZT fools the HIV virus by becoming part of its

A) cell wall
B) DNA
C) RNA
D) retrovirus

Question 8

Which is not a substance expected to cause vivid illusions, fantasies, and hallucinations is

A) marijuana
B) LSD
C) cocaine
D) PCP

Question 9

The chemical name for aspirin is

A) acetylsalicylic acid
B) acetaminophen
C) amphetamine
D) acetic acid

Question 10

Most oral contraceptives contain synthetic derivatives of which pair of substances?

A) an antihistamine and neurotransmitter
B) an androgen and an estrogen
C) an analgesic and a anti-inflammatory
D) an estrogen and progesterone

Question 11

Crack is a form of

A) cocaine
B) codeine
C) morphine
D) heroin

Question 12

Birth control pills contain synthetic substances that have activity similar to which natural substance?

A) estrogen
B) testosterone
C) cortisone
D) thymidine

Question 13

In all age groups, the leading cause of death at 30.3% is

A) HIV infection
B) accidents
C) heart disease
D) cancer

Question 14

What is the name given to a drug that relieves pain?

A) analgesic
B) anti-inflammatory
C) antipyretic
D) antibiotic

Question 15

Substances which are messengers in the body and are involved in temperature and blood pressure regulation, pain perception, and mood belong to a class known as

A) steroids
B) neurotransmitters
C) analgesics
D) tetracyclines

Question 16

The extracts from these trees provided natural salicylates:

A) aspen
B) willow
C) oak
D) cherry

Question 17

Aspirin interferes either directly or indirectly with

A) prostaglandins
B) dopamine
C) steroids
D) norepinephrine

Question 18

Which substance occurs naturally?

A) codeine
B) heroin
C) morphine
D) Demorol

Question 19

In 2000, the largest number of prescriptions was written for

A) menopausal symptoms
B) ulcers
C) heart disease
D) pain and cough

Question 20

In the age group 25-44 years old, the leading cause of death is

A) HIV infection
B) accidents
C) heart disease
D) cancer

Question 21

A good sun-screen suntan lotion must contain a chemical that will absorb a major portion of the energy in which region of the spectrum?

A) infrared
B) green
C) microwave
D) ultraviolet

Question 22

Which drug description - example does not agree?

A) over-the-counter drug - Contac
B) prescription drug - Valium
C) generic name for a drug - Amoxicillin
D) drug trade name - 6-(p-hydroxy-a-aminophenylacetamido)penicillinic acid

Question 23

Which substance accounts for most of the symptoms of hay fever?

A) histamine
B) the IgE antibody
C) acetylcholine
D) antihistamines

Question 24

What symptom is experienced in angina?

A) withdrawal
B) hallucinations
C) chest pains on exertion
D) irregular heartbeat

Question 25

Which substance is used to reduce fever?

A) procaine
B) codeine
C) acetysalicylic acid
D) morphine

Question 26

What is the purpose of hydrated alumina in toothpaste?

A) abrasive
B) detergent
C) disinfectant
D) filler

Question 27

Which of the compounds listed below is not an analgesic?

A) acetylsalicylic acid
B) demerol
C) heroin
D) acetic acid

Question 28

Histamine is a neurotransmitter that causes

A) pain
B) depression
C) upset stomach
D) allergic reaction

Question 29

Which substance named below is not an alkaloid or alkaloid derivative?

A) aspirin
B) codeine
C) heroin
D) morphine

Question 30

Structurally, acetaminophen differs from aspirin in that acetaminophen does not contain

A) amide group
B) carboxyl group
C) aromatic ring
D) an alcohol group

Question 31

Which does not apply to codeine?

A) analgesic
B) opioid
C) scheduled drug with a potential for abuse
D) antibiotic

Question 32

Beta blockers are used for what disease or condition?

A) heart disease
B) treatment of cancer
C) depression
D) morphine

Question 33

An antimetabolite drug for cancer is

A) nitroglycerin
B) cyclophosphamide
C) sulfanilamide
D) methotrexate

Question 34

A schedule 1 drug is one that

A) over the counter drug available to anyone
B) has no medical use and is a controlled substance
C) a prescription drug with two refills
D) an unregulated nonmedical drug

Question 35

What are scheduled drugs?

A) drugs that are taken at scheduled times
B) drugs that are recognized as being abused and classified as dangerous
C) drugs which are designed by chemists to mimic heroin
D) drugs which are designed for a specific purpose

Question 36

A compound of what element is added to toothpaste to replace some of the hydroxide ions in apatite?

A) Mg
B) F
C) O
D) Cl

Question 37

The "fight or flight" hormone is

A) norepinephrine
B) estrogen
C) epinephrine
D) testosterone

Question 38

Which of the following is the most lethal based on this oral rat LD₅₀ data?

A) caffeine, 200 mg / kg body weight
B) heroin, 150 mg / kg body weight
C) aspirin, 1750 mg / kg body weight
D) ethanol, 1000 mg / kg body weight

Question 39

Hypertension is treated with

A) beta blockers
B) vasodilaters
C) diuretic
D) cholesterol-lowering drugs

Question 40

What calcium compound is found in teeth?

A) apatite
B) calcite
C) gypsum
D) aragonite

Question 41

Identify the analgesic?

A) cocaine
B) marijuana
C) LSD
D) alcohol

Question 42

What is the role of epinephrine?

A) regulate sleep
B) fight-or-flight response
C) inhibit pain
D) promote a feeling of well-being

Question 43

What does a virus use to translate its own RNA into double-stranded DNA?

A) polymerase
B) protease
C) reverse transcriptase
D) ribosome

Question 44

Which neurotransmitter is involved in sleep regulation?

A) epinephrine
B) dopamine
C) GABA
D) serotonin

Question 45

Toxicity data are tabulated for rats, mice, rabbits and small lab animals.Why isn't there any human LD₅₀ data?

A) humans require large doses that would be too expensive
B) humans are not as genetically uniform as lab animals
C) human subjects require too much attention
D) it is unethical and illegal to do toxicity tests on humans

Question 46

Which reaction type would probably not be useful in anticancer activity?

A) interfering with DNA replication
B) blocking nerve impulses
C) blocking cell wall synthesis
D) interfering with DNA synthesis

Question 47

Crack is a purified form of

A) heroin
B) cocaine
C) codeine
D) morphine

Question 48

Aspirin is effective as an

A) antiinflammatory drug
B) antipyretic drug,
C) analgesic
D) all of the above

Question 49

What is the generally accepted chemical name of a drug?

A) trade name
B) generic name
C) schedule name
D) specific name

Question 50

The two primary causes of heart disease are

A) alcoholism and smoking
B) smoking and high sodium intake
C) hypertension and atherosclerosis
D) obesity and alcoholism

Question 51

A sun-screen suntan lotion that has an SPF rating of 16.What does this mean in terms of sun exposure?

A) allows a person to have16 hours of sun exposure without burning
B) increases the skin's natural sunburn protection by a multiple of 4
C) increases the skin's natural sunburn protection by a multiple of 16
D) increases the skin's natural sunburn protection by a multiple of 2 * 16

Question 52

Which opium derivative is the most addictive?

A) codeine
B) morphine
C) heroin
D) LSD

Question 53

How do proteinase inhibitors work?

A) prevent an enzyme from functioning
B) block protein synthesis
C) inhibit mRNA transcription
D) kill the cell

Question 54

Which of the following is the most toxic based on these oral rat LD₅₀ values?

A) lead, 20 mg / kg body weight
B) aspirin, 1750 mg / kg body weight
C) ethanol, 1000 mg / kg body weight
D) nicotine, 2 mg / kg body weight

Question 55

Which of the following is the leading cause of death in the United States?

A) HIV
B) homicide
C) accidents
D) heart disease

Question 56

HIV

A) stands for Human Immunodeficiency Virus
B) causes AIDS
C) is a retrovirus
D) all of the above

Question 57

Which of the following is the female sex hormone?

A) progesterone
B) testosterone
C) cortisone
D) cholesterol

Question 58

Caffeine has an LD₅₀ oral rat of 200 mg/kg body weight.How many milligrams per rat would be needed to kill 50% of test population for rats with a body mass of 0.500 kg?

A) 10000
B) 2000
C) 100
D) 4

Question 59

The addition of sodium pyrophosphate to toothpaste is for the purpose of

A) removing tartar
B) removing plaque
C) detergent
D) minimize cavities

Question 60

A new substance is synthesized in the laboratory.Among its properties is similarity to uracil.When tested in living organisms, this new substance gets involved in DNA synthesis.Which area of research would you expect this new chemical to show promise?

A) studying Reye's syndrome
B) studying how analgesics work
C) studying anticancer drugs
D) studying how antacids work

Question 61

Which neurotransmitter does alcohol effect?

A) epinephrine
B) GABA
C) dopamine
D) norepinephrine

Question 62

Which compound found in over the counter cold medicine can be used to synthesize methamphetamines?

A) pseudoephedrine
B) guaifenesin
C) acetaminophen
D) dextromethorphan

Question 63

Which compound is a legal stimulant?

A) aspirin
B) alcohol
C) cocaine
D) caffeine

Question 64

What is the branch of medicine concerned with the use, effect and mode of action of drugs?

A) drugology
B) pharmacology
C) neurology
D) homeopathy

Question 65

What is the most common cause of heart disease?

A) atherosclerosis
B) blood vessel constriction
C) high blood pressure
D) lack of oxygen