Deck 10: Antimicrobials

Question 1

Drugs that target cell wall synthesis are most active against the bacteria's.

A)Division phase
B)Resting phase
C)Spore phase
D)Hyphal phase

Answer 1

Division phase

Question 2

A bacterial strain was tested at the state veterinary diagnostic laboratory and was shown to be resistant to amoxicillin. Of the following, which would be the best choice to use for treating an infection with this bacterial strain?

A)Penicillin
B)Clavamox
C)Ceftiofur
D)Ampicillin
E)Enrofloxacin

Answer 2

Enrofloxacin

Question 3

Residue of a drug that can be found in a food product can be dangerous because

A)it can lead to selection for resistant bacteria in the intestinal tract of humans.
B)it can cause allergic reactions in the humans that consume or handle it.
C)A and B
D)None of the above are true

Answer 3

A and B

Question 4

When bacteria make physical contact with another bacterium and transfer a plasmid this is called

A)binary fission.
B)horizontal transmission.
C)vertical transmission.
D)antibiotic resistance.

Question 5

If a drug's MIC is > MTD

A)The bacteria are considered to be susceptible to the drug
B)The drug concentration needed to inhibit the pathogen will not be safe
C)The drug will not be well tolerated
D)The drug will only inhibit the bacterial cycle

Question 6

The addition of ____________ and benzathine to penicillin G delays absorption from IM or SC routes.

A)procaine
B)K⁺
C)Na⁺
D)aqueous

Question 7

Which of the following drug-adverse effect pairs is incorrect?

A)Penicillin-hypersensitivity
B)Sulfonamides-dry eye
C)Chloramphenicol-elevated red blood cell production
D)Tetracycline-tooth discoloration
E)Tilmicosin-cardiotoxicity

Question 8

It is not recommended to treat animals with bacteriostatic drugs such as tetracyclines while simultaneously treating with bacteriocidal drugs such as penicillin. Why?

A)Penicillin only kills active growing bacteria
B)Tetracyclines form toxic compounds when exposed to penicillin
C)Too many bacteria are killed with this combo therapy
D)Tetracycline use results in $\beta$ -lactam resistance

Question 9

Tetracyclines are

A)bacteriostatic.
B)bacteriocidal.
C)The same as sulfonamides.
D)hydrophobic.

Question 10

A strain of E. coli has been exposed to low levels of an antibiotic. The small number of remaining bacteria after this treatment results in a pathogen population that is more resistant to the antibiotic than prior to the treatment. As these bacteria replicate, they pass this resistance profile to their daughter cells. This type of antibiotic resistance transmission is considered

A)horizontal transfer.
B)vertical transfer.
C)spontaneous resistance.
D)transposon mediated transfer.

Question 11

The lowest concentration of a drug needed to inhibit bacterial growth is called:

A)minimum incremental concentration.
B)minimum interfering concentration.
C)minimum inhibitory concentration.
D)minimum inhibitory chemical.

Question 12

$\beta$ -lactams can be a good choice for urinary tract infections because

A)they are inactivated in urine.
B)they are heavily metabolized in the liver.
C)they pass unmetabolized by passive diffusion across the glomerulus.
D)they are metabolized by the kidney.

Question 13

There are three main considerations that must be made when deciding if an antimicrobial will be a successful choice to control a pathogenic infection. These include all of the following except

A)the animal must tolerate high drug concentrations.
B)the antimicrobial must reach the site of infection at appropriate concentrations.
C)the antimicrobial must not cause any adverse effects.
D)the microbe must be susceptible to the medication.

Question 14

It has been shown that there is a strong correlation between antibiotic use in food animals and

A)NARMS has been established by the CDC to monitor levels.
B)antimicrobial resistance.
C)zoonotic bacterial have been introduce.
D)All of the above

Question 15

It is important to understand the potential for drug residues when choosing therapies for specific groups of animals. For which of the following animals would drug withdrawal times need to be known?

A)standardbred horses.
B)service dogs.
C)alpacas raised for their hair.
D)laying hens.
E)shelter cats.

Question 16

Sulfonamides are very wide spectrum antimicrobials that work via disruption of microbial folic acid synthesis. Which of the following statements regarding sulfonamides is not true?

A)Sulfonamides are antimicrobials that have been used for many years
B)Sulfonamides are bacteriocidal drugs unless potentiated
C)Sulfonamides are effective against protozoal diseases
D)Some sulfonamides function as anti-inflammatories
E)Sulfonamides are becoming increasingly less effective because of bacterial resistance

Question 17

What drugs, in addition to anti-inflammatories such as glucocorticoids and antibiotics such as the aminoglycosides, are often included in otic preparations for external ear infections in companion animals?

A)Osmotic agents such as mannitol
B)Antifungal drugs such as clotrimazole
C)Antiviral drugs such as interferon
D)Bacteriostatic drugs such as florphenicol

Question 18

All of the following are penicillins except:

A)amoxicillin.
B)ampicillin.
C)cloxacillin.
D)gentocillin.

Question 19

A dog is being treated for a Staphylococcal infection with an antibiotic that has a MTD that is lower than the laboratory-determined MIC for this drug-pathogen relationship. Should this antimicrobial be used?

A)No
B)Yes
C)Maybe
D)Cannot be determined with this limited information

Question 20

Which of the following organizations is the division of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention that is responsible for tracking how bacterial resistance and sensitivity profiles change over time?

A)APHIS
B)USGS
C)WHO
D)NARMS

Question 21

A urinary tract infection (UTI) was cultured in the regional veterinary diagnostic laboratory, and MICs were computed based on serial dilution assay. Penicillin had an MIC double the referenced dosage that can be accomplished in the serum. Regardless, the clinician still decided to use penicillin to treat this infection. Why?

A)Penicillins reach high levels in the urine
B)Penicillin is cheap
C)Penicillin is the only drug labelled for treatment of UTI
D)All other drugs are excreted through the bile

Question 22

Antibiotics such as kanamycin that function by reaching a relatively high serum level are considered ___________-dependent drugs, while those that need to be in the body continuously are considered ____________-dependent drugs.

A)serum, tissue
B)bacterial, viral
C)temperature, pressure
D)concentration, time

Question 23

Why isn't gentamicin used to treat bacterial enteritis localized in the colon?

A)Because no infectious agents are located in the colon
B)Because the colon is very anaerobic
C)Most enteric diseases aren't bacterial but instead viral
D)Gentamicin destroys cell membranes, which worsens the enteritis
E)Gentamicin is not a very effective antibiotic for any disease

Question 24

Which of the following are not considered primary targets for antimicrobial therapies?

A)Ribosomal protein production
B)Nucleic acid replication factors
C)Nucleic acid transcription factors
D)Cell membrane
E)Cell wall

Question 25

Which of these medications is the odd drug?

A)Gentamicin
B)Tulathromycin
C)Streptomycin
D)Kanamycin
E)Amikacin