Deck 12: Antiparasitics

Question 1

What does selective toxicity mean?

A)The drug is effective against all parasite stages with one application.
B)The drug is safe for all life stages of the animal.
C)The compound should be highly toxic to the parasite but should have little adverse effect on the host's tissue.
D)Does not induce resistance in the target parasite.

Answer 1

The compound should be highly toxic to the parasite but should have little adverse effect on the host's tissue.

Question 2

The avermectins are a very commonly used class of antiparasitics. Why don't these drugs work well against some parasites, such as tapeworms?

A)Tapeworms aren't parasites
B)Tapeworms actively excrete these drugs once exposed
C)Collies are selectively infested with tapeworms, but they are too sensitive to avermectins for use
D)Tapeworms lack proper glutamate receptors

Answer 2

Tapeworms lack proper glutamate receptors

Question 3

Knowing the_______________ name for the active ingredient can help the veterinary professional help clients choose appropriate antiparasitic products.

A)generic
B)trade
C)nonproprietary
D)trade mark

Answer 3

nonproprietary

Question 4

An injectable avermectin (LongRange) is marketed for use in livestock. What is the benefit of this drug over its topical analogue?

A)It provides a long duration of effect
B)It provides a short term but potent destruction of parasites
C)It can be used in both beef and dairy cattle
D)It can be used in veal calves

Question 5

Heartworm disease results from infection by the nematode Dirofilaria immitis. An important bacterial coinfection has been identified with this disease. What is the name of this bacteria?

A)Streptococcus pneumoniae
B)Escherichia coli
C)Coxiella burnetii
D)Wolbachia pipientis

Question 6

Macrolides work inside the insect or parasite by stimulating a receptor for a neurotransmitter not found in mammals. Which of the following statements is true about macrolides?

A)they have a wide range of therapeutic index.
B)they have a narrow range of therapeutic index.
C)they cannot be used in all mammals safely without risk of toxic exposure.
D)they are effective against all parasites.

Question 7

These broad spectrum drugs are often used to treat coccidiosis, although they might be best known for their bacteriostatic antibiotic properties.

A)Ivermectin
B)Sulfonamides
C)Benzamidazoles
D)Pyrethrins

Question 8

Piperazines kill

A)round worms.
B)hookworms.
C)tape worms.
D)whipworms.

Question 9

Because many parasites can lead to zoonotic disease, veterinary professionals

A)must be vigilant in helping clients choose appropriate treatments.
B)have not responsibility if the client choose to use OTC products.
C)should not feel the need to talk to clients about parasite control.
D)do not need to address this issue.

Question 10

The benzimidazole that has some anti-inflammatory and antifungal properties is

A)thiabendazole.
B)fenbendazole.
C)oxibendazole.
D)albendazole.

Question 11

What are endectocides capable of killing?

A)Endoparasties
B)Ectoparasites
C)Both endo and ecto parasites
D)Interna parsites

Question 12

All of the following are reasons why parasite control medications are challenging to administer properly except

A)there are new products continually entering the veterinary market.
B)there are new combination formulations of older antiparasitics continually entering the veterinary market.
C)they are relatively ineffective to most parasites.
D)different parasites often require completely different drugs with different modes of action.

Question 13

What is a teratogenic effect?

A)A drug used to treat endoparasties.
B)A $\beta$ -tubulin mechanism in some benzimidazoles.
C)Birth defects resulting from exposure to specific agents during fetal development.
D)Onset of swelling or distention.

Question 14

Over the past few years there has been a huge increase in the numbers of over-the-counter spot-on antiparasitic drugs used to control ectoparasites on companion animals. Why are these drugs are so extensively available?

A)They are regulated by the USDA.
B)They are regulated by the EPA.
C)They are harmless to the host.
D)Veterinarians don't understand their mechanisms of action.

Question 15

This class of antiparasitics, originally derived from chrysanthemums, is considered relatively safe and effective medications for topical control of ectoparasites. Their mechanism of action involves neuronal dysfunction at the __________ channel, and results in signs ranging from excessive activity to outright paralysis depending on the drug formulation.

A)calcium
B)potassium
C)sodium
D)chloride

Question 16

What is true about the elimination of worms via use of praziquantel?

A)Live worms maybe seen in the stool
B)No worms will be seen in the stool
C)No eggs will pass in the stool
D)It is not effective against tape worms

Question 17

Poisoning with organophosphate (OP) insecticides is often correlated with signs of increased parasympathetic nervous system activity, such as excessive salivation, constricted pupils, vomiting and diarrhea, and the antidote of choice for such a toxicity is atropine. A specific neurotransmitter is implicated for the clinical signs mentioned when OPs are ingested over time. Name the neurotransmitter.

A)Seratonin
B)Dopamine
C)Norepinephrine
D)Acetylcholine
E)Gamma aminobutyric acid

Question 18

Care must be taken when exposing this species to ionophore medications because of the potential to cause deadly cardiac damage.

A)Horses
B)Cattle
C)Cats
D)Dogs
E)Goats

Question 19

Animals with MDR1 mutations should be given ______________ with care.

A)penicillin
B)aminoglycosides
C)ivermectin
D)fenbendazole

Question 20

What is the potential risk for use of benzimidazole class antiparasitics in animals?

A)Disruption of mammalian beta tubulin in an adult cow
B)Overexpression of the target receptor in felines
C)Fetal defect because of cell division machinery interruption
D)Accumulation of the drug in the collie CNS

Question 21

The three injection protocol for melarsomine treatment of heart worms

A)kills 89% of the heart worms.
B)decreases the risk of emboli.
C)is not recommended by the AHW S.
D)kills 100% of the heart worms.

Question 22

________________ are anti-inflammatory drugs that help control the signs associated with inflammation of the pulmonary vasculature and the lungs secondary to the emboli and immune stimulating proteins produced while treating for adult heart worms.

A)Glucocorticoids
B)Tetracyclines
C)Moxidectins
D)Selamectin

Question 23

Doxycycline

A)is a lipophilic tetracycline.
B)can penetrate the adult heart worm.
C)kills the symbiotic bacteria Wolbachia living in the heart worm.
D)All of the above

Question 24

Why do embedded ticks need to be physically removed from pets if they are present at the time of placing an imidacloprid and flumethrin collar (Seresto) on the animal?

A)Imidacloprid takes several days to reach effective levels.
B)Imidacloprid doesn't have any effect against ticks.
C)Flumethrin causes insect gut contraction, causing the ticks to transmit disease easily.
D)Dead ticks will decompose in the pet skin, causing life-threatening inflammation.

Question 25

In an effort to prevent any of the well-known side effects that are associated with the administration of tetracyclines, a client chooses to not administer the prescribed doxycycline as part of his dog's heartworm disease treatment regimen without consulting with the veterinary staff. Instead, the pet is brought in for a three-dose series of melarsomine injections. Several months after the third dose, the client notices his dog continues to tire easily with moderate exertion so he brings his dog back in for a recheck. Surprising to the client, the dog again is diagnosed with full blown heartworm disease. Why wasn't this dog cured?

A)Heartworm disease is incurable and causes persistent infection for life.
B)The melarsomine must be given with doxycycline to become activated.
C)Skipping the doxycycline led to diminished overall effect of the treatment.
D)This strain of Dirofilaria is likely resistant to melarsomine.