Deck 5: Political Ideologies I

Question 1

Which of the following political philosophers was an advocate of the divine right of kings?

A) Robert Filmer
B) John Locke
C) Adam Smith
D) All of the above

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Traditional conservatives assert

A) individuals are, by nature, rational and can deduce the existence of the laws of nature.
B) human reason is weak and fragile and, therefore, is inadequate as the primary guide in deciding ethical questions.
C) civil institutions should not have a central role in the lives of individuals.
D) politics and religion should be separate-that is, governmental laws and policies should not reflect religious views.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Under capitalism, workers tend to experience a sense of loss as they become almost as lifeless as the machines with which they work.This statement describes

A) Adam Smith's basis for arguing in favor of welfare programs to help the poor.
B) Marx's theory of alienation.
C) Lenin's justification for supporting imperialist foreign policies.
D) Jane Addams' decision to support traditional conservatism as a means of helping factory workers.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

According to John Locke, human nature is characterized by

A) natural inequality.
B) the capacity to use reason to understand laws of nature.
C) both A and B.
D) None of the above is correct.

Question 5

Libertarians argue in favor of policies that reflect the ideas associated with

A) neoconservatism.
B) traditional conservatism.
C) modern liberalism.
D) classical liberalism.

Question 6

_______ was a modern liberal.

A) Jane Addams
B) Barry Goldwater
C) Robert Owen
D) John Henry Newman

Question 7

President Obama has described his own philosophy of politics as mainstream.

Question 8

According to Marx,

A) capitalism's success is dependent upon the generation of surplus value.
B) under capitalism, the state serves neither the interest of the bourgeoisie nor the proletariat.
C) capitalism promotes overconsumption but not underconsumption.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 9

According to Lenin's theory of imperialism,

A) socialist struggles against capitalism will be most successful if socialists abandon calls for violence and work peacefully and cooperatively with capitalist parties.
B) because of the logic of imperialism, revolution is not likely to occur in the twentieth century.
C) imperialism will lead to improved wages/standards of living for workers in the home countries of imperialists.
D) Both A and B are correct.

Question 10

Adam Smith was an advocate of

A) classical liberalism.
B) traditional conservatism.
C) the divine right of kings.
D) Both A and B are correct.

Question 11

According to Marx, in capitalist societies,

A) the bourgeoisie consists of individuals who live primarily by purchasing the labor power of others.
B) the bourgeoisie generally acts in an irrational manner and, as a result, class conflict ensues whenever capitalism exists.
C) the bourgeoisie consists of individuals who are poor (i.e., living below the poverty level in society).
D) the bourgeoisie is defined as the landowning class and has interests different from, and often opposed to, the interests of factory owners.

Question 12

State intervention can promote and advance an individual's freedom.Would T.H.Green agree with this assertion?

Question 13

Frank Zeidler

A) was elected as a Socialist mayor of Milwaukee in the 1940s.
B) advocated democracy and civil rights as part of his socialist vision.
C) Both A and B are correct.
D) None of the above is correct.

Question 14

Which ideology favors the creation of a vanguard party to promote revolutionary political struggle?

A) Social democracy
B) Marxism-Leninism
C) Modern liberalism
D) None of the above is correct.

Question 15

Expansive liberty is supported by

A) classical liberals.
B) modern liberals.
C) traditional conservatives.
D) None of the above is correct.

Question 16

Classical liberalism asserts that

A) natural equality will lead inevitably to economic equality.
B) economic inequality is unjust and inconsistent with the most important assumptions of liberalism itself.
C) government power should be limited and such power should not be used to try to make citizens accept certain moral positions rather than others.
D) All of the above are correct.

Question 17

Capitalism lacks any progressive dimension, according to Marx.Indeed, capitalism's logic is hostile to technological advances and scientific discoveries, if Marx is correct.

Question 18

Governments are not based upon the consent of citizens; rather, citizens are born into subjection to governments.Who made this argument?

A) John Locke
B) T.H.Green
C) Adam Smith
D) None of the above is correct.

Question 19

As of 2010, 64% of Republicans were on record as being supporters of gay rights.

Question 20

Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal programs represent an example of

A) classical liberalism.
B) modern liberalism.
C) traditional conservatism.
D) Marxism.

Question 21

Do you believe most Americans would be shocked to learn about the author of the Pledge of Allegiance? Explain.

Question 22

Marx saw capitalism as progressive yet conflict-oriented and believed that individuals maneuvered through capitalism in mostly rational terms whatever their class standing.Analyze this complex picture of capitalism presented by Marx.Your essay should include a discussion of Marx's (a) definition of the classes under capitalism and (b) analytical arguments regarding class conflict, alienation, progress, and the role of the state.

Question 23

Compare and contrast the political theories of Adam Smith and Edmund Burke.Identify, define, and explain at least two concepts or arguments made by each philosopher.