Deck 12: The Role of Values and Culture

Question 1

The fashion system can reflect current cultural meanings, but cannot bring about changes in cultural meanings.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Subcultures are larger groups of a smaller culture.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Possession rituals occur when consumers discuss and display their belongings.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

In exchange rituals one person or group of people purchase products from another.

Question 5

The fashion system, which primarily entails clothing and accessories, is important for the transfer of cultural meaning in society.

Question 6

In Japan, it is rude to not open the gift immediately upon receipt in front of the gift-giver.

Question 7

Exchange is a ritual that helps affirm or revise cultural meaning.

Question 8

The culturally constituted world supplies meaning for consumers via two interrelated concepts: cultural categories and cultural principles.

Question 9

The culturally constituted world is where society's ever changing shared values are collected and stored.

Question 10

Advertising and other marketing activities help new and existing products take on cultural meaning.

Question 11

Gifts both received and not received can convey cultural meaning.

Question 12

Cultural values are comprised of a collective set of beliefs about what is important, useful, and desirable.

Question 13

Rituals are symbolic actions that occur in variable sequence one time.

Question 14

The culturally constituted world is where all consumer experiences are shaped by the tangible beliefs and values of society.

Question 15

Subcultures provide opportunities for marketers to segment society into more manageable groups.

Question 16

In Japan, gifts are rarely gift-wrapped, as they are in Western cultures.

Question 17

Age, gender, and social class are examples of cultural principles.

Question 18

Culture usually changes so fast that marketing cannot usually reflect the most current cultural meanings.

Question 19

The idea that hairstyle communicates what is feminine and what is masculine represents a cultural principle.

Question 20

According to some theorists, Western society usually strongly discourages any type of radical reform.

Question 21

Nonverbal gestures and body language rarely vary from culture to culture because they are innate (i.e., we are born with them).

Question 22

Enculturation is the process of learning about other cultures.

Question 23

Uncertainty avoidance is when a culture is uncomfortable with definitive and structured situations.

Question 24

Grooming rituals allow consumers to extract cultural meaning from perishable possessions through repeated use.

Question 25

Syntax, semantics, phonology and morphology are all categories of linguistics.

Question 26

Morphology is an important form of non-verbal communication.

Question 27

Facial expressions of emotion do not vary from culture to culture.

Question 28

Non-verbal messages such as gestures and body language are more important in low context (vs. high-context) cultures.

Question 29

Images such as brand logos are examples of marketing symbols.

Question 30

Acculturation occurs when people in one culture adapt to meanings in another culture.

Question 31

Brand jingles must contain words to be effective.

Question 32

The United States as a culture emphasizes group cohesion.

Question 33

Divestment rituals clearly show that consumers believe cultural meaning can be transferred from products to people.

Question 34

Divestment rituals make it difficult for consumers to feel a sense of individual ownership over a used product.

Question 35

Enacted norms implicitly and informally prescribe acceptable behaviors.

Question 36

Facial expressions, gestures, postural shifts, and touching are types of body language.

Question 37

Customs are passed down from generation to generation.

Question 38

One person giving their textbook to another is an example of a possession ritual.

Question 39

Anyone can be a "cultural agent."

Question 40

Return potential model describes norms on the behavioral and evaluation dimensions.

Question 41

_____ is to a society, what _____ is to an individual.

A) Culture, personality
B) Religion, subculture
C) Religion; personality
D) Buyer behavior, personality
E) Culture, subculture

Question 42

_____ are the patterns of meaning acquired by members of society expressed in their knowledge, beliefs, art, laws, morals, customs, and habits.

A) Subculture
B) Cultural Value
C) Culture
D) Acculturation
E) Symbols

Question 43

Stylish design is an example of a tangible attribute.

Question 44

Evidence suggests that differences in values across cultures can translate into product and brand-specific consumer preferences.

Question 45

Which of the following statements best matches the fashion system? The fashion system:

A) is limited to clothing and body adornment.
B) takes new styles of clothing, music, etc., and associates them with established cultural categories and principles.
C) passes on rules from the culturally constituted world to consumer products is via conservative tradition.
D) eliminates cultural meaning by disregarding opinion leaders who modestly shape and refine existing cultural principles and categories.
E) is the idea that helps guide the construction of cultural categories.

Question 46

Consider the mobility of cultural meaning process discussed in your readings. What station is missing? Station 1: Culturally Constituted World
Station 2: ?
Station 3: Individual Consumers

A) Exchange rituals
B) Fashion system
C) Language
D) Consumer products
E) Values

Question 47

Which of the following about exchange rituals is false?

A) In Japan, gifts are typically not wrapped because that culture does not appreciate surprises.
B) Gifts not given can be an important way to convey cultural meaning.
C) In Western cultures, people tend to give gifts on many formal occasions.
D) The wrapping of a gift can convey as much cultural meaning as the gift itself.
E) Exchange rituals allow the giver to transfer cultural meanings/properties to the receiver.

Question 48

Pretend you recently purchased a home built in 2001. You decide to personalize the curtains, change the design of the garden and extensively clean the floors and basement. This behavior is an example of:

A) an exchange ritual
B) an acculturated practice
C) a possession ritual
D) a divestment ritual
E) a grooming ritual

Question 49

Once a month, Charlie takes all of his weekly newspapers and magazines to the local paper recycling facility. It makes him feel good to recycle his papers because he feels he is helping the environment. This behavior is an example of:

A) an exchange ritual
B) an acculturated practice
C) a possession ritual
D) a divestment ritual
E) cause-related marketing practice

Question 50

_____ provide a tangible explanation for the existence of intangible cultural categories.

A) Cultural values
B) Consumer products
C) Advertisements
D) Language
E) Cultural categories

Question 51

Persistence, social hierarchy, thrift and shame are associated with a long-term orientation of core values.

Question 52

Power distance is a dimension of cultural core values that describes the extent to which less powerful members of a culture tolerate large gaps between powers.

Question 53

_____ occur when consumers discuss, compare, reflect upon, and display their belongings.

A) Divestment rituals
B) Social rituals
C) Exchange rituals
D) Purchase rituals
E) None of the above is correct.

Question 54

Larry owns a classic Corvette convertible that he likes to take car shows on weekends and display. When Larry does this, he is engaging in what type of ritual?

A) Divestment ritual
B) Social ritual
C) Exchange ritual
D) Possession ritual
E) Grooming ritual

Question 55

Which of the following would not be considered a cultural category within the culturally constituted world?

A) Male versus female
B) Young versus old
C) Rich versus poor
D) Cool versus nerdy
E) Blue collar versus white collar

Question 56

Instrumental values provide no value on the consumer side.

Question 57

Consumers extract meaning from products, such as deodorant, toothpaste, and shampoo through engagement of what rituals?

A) Divestment rituals
B) Social rituals
C) Exchange rituals
D) Purchase rituals
E) Grooming rituals

Question 58

Attributes, consequences and values are part of the three levels consumer product knowledge combined in the means-end chain.

Question 59

Which of the following statements about culture is false?

A) Because culture is handed down from generation to generation, culture does not change.
B) Today, American culture is considered individualistic.
C) The act of learning a culture through growing up within it is called enculturation.
D) American culture includes unique language that describes and shapes the culture.
E) Consumer products are an important vehicle for conveying culture to society.

Question 60

Ethnicity, religion, age, and social class represent _____, which are smaller subsets of a larger society.

A) subcultures
B) psychographics
C) cultures
D) acculturation
E) cultural principles

Question 61

Which of the following is not considered a marketing symbol?

A) The brand name: Coca-Cola
B) The McDonald's golden arches
C) The Geico Insurance Company "gecko" character
D) The mm-mm-good jingle for Campbell's soup
E) All of the above would be considered marketing symbols.

Question 62

A means-end chain combines three levels of a consumer's product knowledge to form a sequential network of meaning. The three levels of a consumer's product knowledge include all of the following except:

A) Results
B) Values
C) Consequences
D) Attributes
E) All of the above are included.

Question 63

Processing speed and the memory of a computer is an example of a:

A) intangible attributes
B) tangible attributes
C) commodities
D) semantic attributes
E) All of the above are correct.

Question 64

Which of the following is most clearly an example of a More´ ("mor-ay") in American culture?

A) Offering guests something to drink and eat when they visit your home
B) Buying Christmas gifts for family and friends
C) Using the "sex-correct" bathroom facilities in a public building
D) Having dessert after dinner
E) All of the above would be considered correct.

Question 65

In the return potential model the "evaluation dimension":

A) specifies the amount of behavior regulated by the norm
B) shows the cultural response to some behavior
C) gives only the opinion leader's perspective
D) gives a definitive yes/no answer as to whether or not the behavior is desired
E) gives positive or negative feedback from a culture outside of the target market

Question 66

_____ claims that certain properties of music may be analogous to biochemical agents.

A) Theory of brand jingles
B) Theory of effective marketing
C) Theory of songitis
D) Theory of guerilla marketing
E) Theory of cognitive itch

Question 67

In Japan it is considered respectful and appropriate to stay at work until the person you report to leaves. An employee at Toyota in Japan named Jennifer regularly leaves before the person she reports to. As a result the working relationship has turned sour. On top of that all the other employees at Toyota refuse to associate with her because of her lack of regard for tradition. The negative treatment Jennifer is receiving by her co-workers is an example of a(n):

A) sanction
B) crescive norm
C) enacted norm
D) low-context behavior
E) groupthink

Question 68

In Japan it is considered respectful and appropriate to stay at work until the person you report to leaves. An employee at Toyota in Japan named Jennifer regularly leaves before the person she reports to. As a result the working relationship has turned sour. On top of that all the other employees at Toyota refuse to associate with her because of her lack of regard for tradition. Japan's norm of staying at work until the person you report to leaves is best described as a(n):

A) custom
B) crescive norm
C) enacted norm
D) convention
E) more'

Question 69

_____ are behaviors, both formal or informal, handed down from generation to generation. An example would include throwing a party on someone's birthday.

A) Crescive norms
B) Customs
C) Rituals
D) Mores'
E) Sanctions

Question 70

Linguists divide the study of verbal language into four categories including all of the following areas with which exception?

A) Phonology
B) Semantics
C) Morphology
D) Syntax
E) Inflection

Question 71

The McDonald's brand includes a word mark consisting of the words "McDonald's" written in white lettering written across the "golden arches," and superimposed against a red background. Specifically, this is an example of a(n):

A) brand jingle
B) trademark
C) brand logo
D) brand mark
E) None of the above is correct.

Question 72

What are the five dimensions that cultural anthropologists have determined account for cultural values?

A) Language, ethnic groups, sex roles, religious subcultures, norms
B) Power distances, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation
C) Ethnic subcultures, sex roles, religious subcultures, age-based subcultures, individualism
D) Language, customs, rituals, norms, conventions
E) Language, individualism, masculinity, norms, symbols

Question 73

Learning one's culture by growing up in that culture is known as:

A) enculturation
B) cultural ethnocentrism
C) cultural stereotyping
D) creolization
E) acculturation

Question 74

Tom's great-grandfather, Charlie, came from Germany last year, but quickly learned about his new culture from his family and friends. Charlie was experiencing:

A) enculturation
B) cultural ethnocentrism
C) cultural stereotyping
D) creolization
E) acculturation

Question 75

A sign at the park reads, "Help keep this park clean - Please do not allow your dog in the playground area." This is an example of a(n):

A) custom
B) crescive norm
C) enacted norm
D) convention
E) ritual

Question 76

All of the following are examples of communicating via body language, except:

A) giving someone a "thumbs up" after receiving the right answer to a question
B) shifting your position in your seat during class to be more comfortable
C) smiling at someone you recognize
D) folding your arms when you are no longer interested in listening to someone talk
E) All of the above are examples of communicating via body language.

Question 77

Problems related to the "spirit" of a language would be attributed to what?

A) Morphology
B) Inflection
C) Cultural translation
D) Rituals
E) Phonology

Question 78

Which of the following is most clearly an example of a More´ ("mor-ay") in American culture?

A) Holding the door for someone entering a building
B) Interrupting someone when they are speaking
C) Eating dog or cat meat in United States
D) In a traditional household, "dad" doing the cooking
E) All of the above would be considered correct.

Question 79

All of the following countries are considered low-context countries, where societal communication typically gives explicit direction and leave little room for ambiguity, with the exception of:

A) Switzerland
B) Germany
C) Scandinavian countries
D) United States
E) All of the above are examples of countries that tend to be low-context.

Question 80

_____ capture(s) the extent to which a culture is uncomfortable with ambiguous and unstructured situations.

A) Long-term orientation
B) Evaluation dimensions
C) Uncertainty avoidance
D) Risk aversion
E) Power distance