Deck 17: Health Care System: Pillars, Laws, and Terms

Question 1

Which of the following statements describes race as an predisposing factor of utilization?

A) When education, income, and occupation are controlled, most of the differences among the races disappear.
B) Differences in utilization cannot be explained by socioeconomic factors.
C) Whites use less physician services than blacks and Hispanics.
D) None of the above

Answer 1

When education, income, and occupation are controlled, most of the differences among the races disappear.

Question 2

Which of the following established the Comprehensive Health Planning Program, the first example of system-wide health planning in the United States?

A) The Partnership for Health Act of 1966
B) The National Health Planning and Resource Development Act of 1974
C) The Hospital Survey and Construction Act of 1946
D) The Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke Act of 1965

Answer 2

The Partnership for Health Act of 1966

Question 3

Which of the following divided states into health service areas (HSAs) - using actual health care markets and not political boundaries for planning purposes?

A) The Partnership for Health Act of 1966
B) The National Health Planning and Resource Development Act of 1974
C) The Hospital Survey and Construction Act of 1946
D) The Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke Act of 1965

Answer 3

The National Health Planning and Resource Development Act of 1974

Question 4

Who provided medical care to construction workers in the desert on the Los Angeles aqueduct in exchange for a prepaid, per capita amount deducted from their paychecks?

A) William Mulholland
B) Harrison Gray Otis
C) Dr. Paul Elwood
D) Dr. Sidney Garfield

Question 5

Which of the following is true regarding the mentally ill?

A) Mental illness affects women more than men
B) Mental illness affects men more than women
C) Mental illness is higher among Caucasians.
D) Approximately 20 percent of those ages 9-17 years and 20 percent of those over age 65 are mentally ill.

Question 6

Which of the following is true regarding the National Practitioner Data Bank?

A) Designed to impede the movement of incompetent doctors from state to state
B) Contains credentialing and professional society actions.
C) Malpractice insurance companies must report lawsuits to the data bank.
D) All of the above

Question 7

Cardiac rehabilitation to prevent further heart attacks; stroke rehabilitation to limit permanent disability; disease management of diabetes or congestive heart failure, or treatment and management of HIV to prevent the transition to AIDS are examples of which type of prevention?

A) Primary
B) Secondary
C) Tertiary
D) None of the above

Question 8

Which of the following mandated that employers provide comprehensive health insurance to workers?

A) National Health Bill
B) Great Society
C) Social Security Act of 1935
D) Health Security Act

Question 9

Which of the following is the number one risk factor for premature death?

A) Diabetes
B) Obesity
C) Smoking
D) Genetic history

Question 10

What was the first organized specialty?

A) Ophthalmology
B) Obstetrics
C) Dentistry
D) Podiatry

Question 11

When do medical students take Step 2 of the USMLE?

A) After completion of year 1 of the residency
B) At the end of year 4 of medical school
C) At the end of year 2 of medical school
D) After completing training for a specialty residency

Question 12

Who is the gatekeeper under managed care and prospective payment systems?

A) Primary care physician
B) Consumer
C) Employer
D) Insurance company

Question 13

Approximately what percentage of all hospital admissions originate in the Emergency Department?

A) 25 percent
B) 15 percent
C) 75 percent
D) 45 percent

Question 14

What group is the biggest force behind health care cost reform?

A) State government
B) Federal government
C) Industry
D) Health care providers

Question 15

What type of facility provides emergency care, general surgery, and admits patients for a wide range of conditions and procedures?

A) Specialty hospitals
B) Skilled nursing facilities
C) General acute care hospitals
D) Rehabilitative hospitals

Question 16

Which Medicare part is supplementary medical insurance that covers physician and outpatient hospital care, lab tests, medical supplies, and home health?

A) Part A
B) Part B
C) Part C
D) Part D

Question 17

Who are the primary beneficiaries of Medicaid coverage?

A) Poor parents with children
B) The disabled
C) Elderly who are eligible for SSI
D) All of the above

Question 18

Which of the following describes an increase in blood pressure and an increase in cholesterol level?

A) Lifestyle or behavioral factors
B) Normal age-related factors
C) Chronic illnesses with long durations
D) None of the above

Question 19

What are the leading causes of death today?

A) Heart disease, cancer, and stroke
B) Pneumonia, diabetes, and cancer
C) Heart disease, diabetes, and chronic respiratory disease
D) Cancer, stroke, and obesity

Question 20

Which of the following is a billing system in which a health care provider charges a payer a set amount for a specific service?

A) Prospective payment system
B) Fee-for-service system
C) Insurance-based system
D) None of the above

Question 21

Which of the following outlined tuberculosis treatment and planning but restricted intervention in the private practice of medicine?

A) The Dawson Report in the United Kingdom
B) The Social Security Act of 1935
C) The Hospital Survey and Construction Act of 1946
D) The Heart Disease, Cancer, and Stroke Act of 1965

Question 22

The current average length of stay (ALOS) for long-term care hospitals (LTHCs) is approximately how many days?

A) 5 days
B) 10 days
C) 25 days
D) 30 days

Question 23

What are the pillars of a health care system, reflected in the "Iron Triangle" of health care?

A) Education, cost, and access
B) Insurance, education, and quality
C) Reliability, insurance, and completeness
D) Access, cost, and quality

Question 24

What type of facility specializes in treating individuals with a mental health diagnosis?

A) Critical access hospitals
B) Skilled nursing facilities
C) Physician-owned specialty hospitals
D) Behavioral hospitals

Question 25

When and where was the first public health law enacted, which required all births and deaths to be recorded?

A) 1776, New York
B) 1639, Massachusetts
C) 1798, Philadelphia
D) 1862, Virginia

Question 26

Health education and __focus on changing attitudes and behaviors to prevent or lessen the impact of disease.

Question 27

The goal of __care is to prevent and relieve suffering, and to support the best possible quality of life for patients and their families, regardless of their stage of disease or the need for other therapies, in accordance with their values and preferences.

Question 28

What payment method reimburses the provider after health care services have been delivered to the consumer?

A) Self-insurance
B) Retrospective reimbursement
C) Retroactive insurance
D) Coinsurance

Question 29

Which of the following statements describes marital status as a predisposing factor of utilization?

A) Unmarried people have lower morbidity, mortality, and suicide rates.
B) People who are divorced or widowed use more health services.
C) Married individuals tend to engage in more risky behaviors than married people do.
D) Married women enjoy even greater positive benefits from marriage than do men.

Question 30

Most of our burden of disease and causes of death now are related to __illnesses with long durations and few changes or slow progressions.

Question 31

The National Institute of Mental Health estimates that how many adults suffer from any mental disorder?

A) One in four
B) One in ten
C) One in 20
D) One in 100
Completion
Complete each statement.

Question 32

Which of the following is an example of a community-based service?

A) Assisted-living facility
B) Personal care home
C) Continuing-care retirement community
D) Adult day care center

Question 33

One quality-adjusted life year equals ___ year of perfect health.

Question 34

__is the existing number of cases of a disease during a stated time.

Question 35

Which of the following individuals gave the first Presidential Health Address to the United States?

A) President Harry S. Truman
B) President Jimmy Carter
C) President Johnson
D) President Clinton

Question 36

What are the two major types of medical price inflation?

A) demand-pull and supply-push
B) demand-push and supply-pull
C) demand-push and cost-pull
D) demand-pull and cost-push

Question 37

__law says that wherever physicians are, they will be providing medical care regardless of actual need.

Question 38

Medicare is a social insurance program or a(n) __program; it is not a welfare program.

Question 39

Who coined the term health maintenance organization (HMO) to describe prepaid group practices?

A) William Mulholland
B) Harrison Gray Otis
C) Dr. Paul Elwood
D) Dr. Sidney Garfield

Question 40

The most common type of hospital is a general medical/surgical __hospital.

Question 41

Health planning attempts to equate units of __with units of __to units of ______.

Question 42

Match the term with the appropriate definition or description:
When a hospital joins with one or more health maintenance organizations (HMOs), outpatient clinics, home health agencies, rehabilitation centers, long-term care facilities, or wellness clinics

A)chiropractor
B)baby boomers
C)medical malpractice
D)defensive medicine
E)HMO
F)epidemiology
G)Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act of 1986
H)predisposing factors
I)program of all-inclusive care for the elderly (PACE)
J)adverse selection
K)vertical integration
L)morbidity rate

Question 43

Quality ___is the process by which quality of care is measured at some point in time.

Question 44

Severity of the patient's illness and the __of care that may be required influence utilization of medical services.

Question 45

A provision of the __Act of 2010 will provide incentives to employers to offer plans with lower premiums and higher cost-sharing requirements.

Question 46

Match the term with the appropriate definition or description:
The study of the distribution and determinants of diseases in a population

A)chiropractor
B)baby boomers
C)medical malpractice
D)defensive medicine
E)HMO
F)epidemiology
G)Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act of 1986
H)predisposing factors
I)program of all-inclusive care for the elderly (PACE)
J)adverse selection
K)vertical integration
L)morbidity rate

Question 47

Match the term with the appropriate definition or description:
Those born between 1946 and 1964

A)chiropractor
B)baby boomers
C)medical malpractice
D)defensive medicine
E)HMO
F)epidemiology
G)Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act of 1986
H)predisposing factors
I)program of all-inclusive care for the elderly (PACE)
J)adverse selection
K)vertical integration
L)morbidity rate

Question 48

Match the term with the appropriate definition or description:
A system of managed care serving frail elderly who are eligible for nursing home care

A)chiropractor
B)baby boomers
C)medical malpractice
D)defensive medicine
E)HMO
F)epidemiology
G)Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act of 1986
H)predisposing factors
I)program of all-inclusive care for the elderly (PACE)
J)adverse selection
K)vertical integration
L)morbidity rate

Question 49

Match the term with the appropriate definition or description:
The improper treatment of patients by physicians and other providers

A)chiropractor
B)baby boomers
C)medical malpractice
D)defensive medicine
E)HMO
F)epidemiology
G)Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act of 1986
H)predisposing factors
I)program of all-inclusive care for the elderly (PACE)
J)adverse selection
K)vertical integration
L)morbidity rate

Question 50

Match the term with the appropriate definition or description:
Treats conditions related to the musculoskeletal system and their interconnectedness with the rest of the body as reflected in the central nervous system that travels through and emanates from the spine

A)chiropractor
B)baby boomers
C)medical malpractice
D)defensive medicine
E)HMO
F)epidemiology
G)Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act of 1986
H)predisposing factors
I)program of all-inclusive care for the elderly (PACE)
J)adverse selection
K)vertical integration
L)morbidity rate

Question 51

Conservatives argue that the __and the Declaration of Independence, along with other articles and statutes, do not specifically state that access to health care is a right.

Question 52

Match the term with the appropriate definition or description:
Traits that exist prior to use of services and can predict use of health care services

A)chiropractor
B)baby boomers
C)medical malpractice
D)defensive medicine
E)HMO
F)epidemiology
G)Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act of 1986
H)predisposing factors
I)program of all-inclusive care for the elderly (PACE)
J)adverse selection
K)vertical integration
L)morbidity rate

Question 53

__(ALFs) bridge the gap between a skilled nursing facility and the patient's home.

Question 54

Match the term with the appropriate definition or description:
An organization that provides a wide range of comprehensive health care services for a specified group of subscribers for a fixed, prenegotiated, periodic rate, normally a PMPM capitation rate

A)chiropractor
B)baby boomers
C)medical malpractice
D)defensive medicine
E)HMO
F)epidemiology
G)Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act of 1986
H)predisposing factors
I)program of all-inclusive care for the elderly (PACE)
J)adverse selection
K)vertical integration
L)morbidity rate

Question 55

Match the term with the appropriate definition or description:
States that if a hospital does have an emergency department, it must examine and stabilize all patients who seek care there, regardless of their willingness or ability to pay

A)chiropractor
B)baby boomers
C)medical malpractice
D)defensive medicine
E)HMO
F)epidemiology
G)Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act of 1986
H)predisposing factors
I)program of all-inclusive care for the elderly (PACE)
J)adverse selection
K)vertical integration
L)morbidity rate

Question 56

Match the term with the appropriate definition or description:
Occurs when providers order additional or "unnecessary" tests to protect themselves in case of a lawsuit

A)chiropractor
B)baby boomers
C)medical malpractice
D)defensive medicine
E)HMO
F)epidemiology
G)Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act of 1986
H)predisposing factors
I)program of all-inclusive care for the elderly (PACE)
J)adverse selection
K)vertical integration
L)morbidity rate

Question 57

As health care spending consumes an increasing percentage of our federal budgets, it adds disproportionately to the growth of the deficit and ____.

Question 58

Match the term with the appropriate definition or description:
Measures the number of people in a population who have a disease at one point in time per 100,000 people

A)chiropractor
B)baby boomers
C)medical malpractice
D)defensive medicine
E)HMO
F)epidemiology
G)Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act of 1986
H)predisposing factors
I)program of all-inclusive care for the elderly (PACE)
J)adverse selection
K)vertical integration
L)morbidity rate

Question 59

What usually makes managed indemnity different is ______, which means that some of the care members receive is subject to preapproval.

Question 60

Match the term with the appropriate definition or description:
A problem in which the high-risk enrollees with high health care costs drive out the low-risk persons, or those with low health care costs

A)chiropractor
B)baby boomers
C)medical malpractice
D)defensive medicine
E)HMO
F)epidemiology
G)Emergency Medical Treatment and Labor Act of 1986
H)predisposing factors
I)program of all-inclusive care for the elderly (PACE)
J)adverse selection
K)vertical integration
L)morbidity rate