Deck 13: Utilization of Health Services

Question 1

Which of the following statements describes race as an predisposing factor of utilization?

A) When education, income, and occupation are controlled, most of the differences among the races disappear.
B) Differences in utilization cannot be explained by socioeconomic factors.
C) Whites use less physician services than blacks and Hispanics.
D) None of the above

Answer 1

When education, income, and occupation are controlled, most of the differences among the races disappear.

Question 2

Which of the following statements describes utilization trends in emergency rooms?

A) The nation's financial crisis has not impacted ERs.
B) Increased access to other facilities contributes to underutilized ERs.
C) The ER is used as the usual source of care for many of the uninsured.
D) None of the above

Answer 2

The ER is used as the usual source of care for many of the uninsured.

Question 3

Which of the following statements describes religion as a predisposing factor of utilization?

A) Persons who consider themselves to be nonreligious consume more preventive services.
B) Better physical health status is associated with patients who consider themselves to be nonreligious.
C) More religious adolescents were found to engage in lower levels of risky behaviors.
D) None of the above

Answer 3

More religious adolescents were found to engage in lower levels of risky behaviors.

Question 4

Which of the following statements describes utilization trends in physician visits?

A) Phone consultations are on the decline.
B) Physician visits are provided through private clinics.
C) Many physicians still make house calls.
D) None of the above.

Question 5

Which of the following statements describes location as an enabling factor of utilization?

A) As travel time increases to hospitals and clinics, there are lower levels of utilization.
B) Location influences beliefs and customs about how and when health care services are consumed.
C) Location is a function of what region of the country patients live in and whether they are in an urban or rural area.
D) All of the above

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT true regarding physician supply and price?

A) Increased physician supply results in increased utilization of health care services.
B) When there are more hospital beds in a community there will be more days spent in those hospital beds.
C) Physicians are unable to generate their own demand.
D) None of the above

Question 7

According to the Rosenstock model, which factor predicts the use of health care services?

A) Perceived susceptibility to the disease
B) Belief in benefit or the efficacy of the health system
C) Perceived threat of the disease and its seriousness
D) All of the above

Question 8

Which of the following is an enabling factor of health care utilization?

A) Wealth
B) Health insurance
C) Location
D) All of the above

Question 9

Which of the following statements describes utilization trends in inpatient surgical procedures?

A) Inpatient surgical procedures have increased.
B) The decline in average length of stay is partially attributable to advances in technology.
C) Outpatient surgical procedures have decreased.
D) The average length of stay seems to have stabilized at about three days.

Question 10

Which of the following statements describes wealth as an enabling factor of utilization?

A) The poor are not more likely to be admitted to a hospital or incur longer lengths of stay.
B) The wealth of patients influences the affordability of some very expensive treatment options usually not covered by insurance.
C) A usual source of care (USOC), all else constant, results in decreased utilization.
D) None of the above

Question 11

What was the result of the change in the ruling by the United States Supreme Court in Roe vs. Wade?

A) Made abortions illegal
B) Made abortions more accessible and altered the demand for them
C) Increased vaginal deliveries
D) Increased the usage of the birth control pill as a contraceptive device

Question 12

Which of the following statements describes health beliefs and health education as a predisposing factor of utilization?

A) Patients who may have had negative experiences with physicians or nurses may resist seeking care for self-diagnosed minor illnesses.
B) Health beliefs and education have significant impact on utilization of preventive care services.
C) Patients who have had poor experiences in hospital ERs may resist seeking care again without serious cause.
D) All of the above

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of utilization of health care services?

A) Assessment often focuses on its predictors
B) Is measured by demand for care
C) When a patient is seriously ill and needs care in a timely fashion, cost becomes an issue.
D) Sometimes the demand for care exceeds need.

Question 14

Which of the following statements describes marital status as a predisposing factor of utilization?

A) Unmarried people have lower morbidity, mortality, and suicide rates.
B) People who are divorced or widowed use more health services.
C) Married individuals tend to engage in more risky behaviors than married people do.
D) Married women enjoy even greater positive benefits from marriage than do men.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a major factor affecting the demand for health care services?

A) The type of health care provider sought will determine the services utilized.
B) Location or place of residence doe not influence utilization of services.
C) Frequency of seeking visits will have an impact on the utilization of services.
D) The type of health care service affects its utilization.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the price elasticity of medical care?

A) Price elasticity of medical care is generally inelastic.
B) Elasticity that is less than one is elastic demand.
C) Preventive or elective services are elastic.
D) High elasticity of demand means that demand is more responsive to changes in price.

Question 17

Which of the following is a component of Andersen's (1968) behavioral model of health services utilization?

A) Societal determinants
B) Individual factors
C) Health industry characteristics
D) All of the above

Question 18

Which of the following statements describes gender as a predisposing factor of utilization?

A) Men use more medical services than women.
B) Women have longer lengths of stay in hospitals.
C) Women use more dental services and prescriptions.
D) More men than women are nursing home residents.

Question 19

Which of the following statements describes marital status as a predisposing factor of utilization?

A) Those with poor marriages do not experience negative impacts on their health.
B) Health status does not suffer during bereavement over the death of a spouse or when going through a divorce.
C) Healthy marriages in which both partners report high levels of satisfaction and happiness are associated with better overall health for both partners.
D) Couples who are satisfied with their marriage engage in more risky behaviors such as poor diet, inadequate sleep, and inadequate exercise.

Question 20

Which of the following statements describes residence as a predisposing factor of utilization?

A) Inner-city residents are more likely to seek care from physician health providers.
B) Patients who reside in medically underserved areas (MUAs) are at lower risk for poor health.
C) Those who reside in economically distressed communities are in more danger from risky and violent behaviors of neighbors.
D) Inner-city residents are more likely to be insured.

Question 21

__models predict utilization based on past experience, analogous to predicting weather patterns.

Question 22

Recently, the rate of C-section deliveries has increased to a level exceeding by __times the rate that is thought to be medically necessary.

Question 23

The components of Andersen's (1968) behavioral model of health services utilization include societal ______, individual factors, and health industry characteristics.

Question 24

Which of the following statements describes age as a predisposing factor of utilization?

A) Most nursing home residents are under 85 years of age.
B) The very old and the very young use more physician and hospital services and have longer lengths of stay.
C) The very old use less physician and hospital services and have shorter lengths of stay.
D) None of the above
Completion
Complete each statement.

Question 25

Variations in the practice for certain illnesses and diseases, along with the ambiguity inherent in many outcomes, enable clinicians to generate unnecessary demand for their services, a practice first coined as ___law.

Question 26

Whenever people work for an employer who does not offer health insurance, it affects their health and __to care.

Question 27

Match the term with the appropriate definition or description:
Based on patients' beliefs regarding their health as a predictor of their preventive health behavior

A)Andersen's model of utilization of health services
B)elasticity of demand
C)elasticity of supply
D)enabling factors
E)individual determinants
F)medically underserved areas (MUAs)
G)predisposing factors
H)Rosenstock's model of utilization of health services
I)societal determinants of utilization
J)usual source of care (USOC)
K)socioeconomic status (SES)

Question 28

The most immediate and most significant factor that predicts demand for health care services is illness ______.

Question 29

According to the Andersen model, societal norms, ______, and standards often are reflected either directly or indirectly in the enactment of laws.

Question 30

Illness severity can be measured by __when patients characterize their health as excellent, good, fair, or poor.

Question 31

__factors are those conditions that facilitate the fulfillment of demand for health care services.

Question 32

In the 1970s, American women were practicing natural ______, which resulted in fewer C-sections and fewer forceps deliveries.

Question 33

Which of the following statements describes insurance as an enabling factor of utilization?

A) Poor people do not use more services than non-poor.
B) All else equal, people with insurance use more services than people without health insurance.
C) Coverage for illness does not promote the seeking of therapeutic services.
D) Coverage for illness encourages the practice of healthy behaviors or use of preventive services

Question 34

.Which of the following statements describes education and occupation as a predisposing factor of utilization?

A) Higher education leads to lower utilization.
B) Occupation is a good predictor of utilization of health care.
C) Education is not a good predictor of the use of discretionary and preventive care services.
D) Any association between use of medical care and occupation is likely the result of occupation correlated with socioeconomic status (SES).

Question 35

Severity of the patient's illness and the __of care that may be required influence utilization of medical services.

Question 36

Price elasticity of medical care is generally ______; however, preventive or elective services are elastic.

Question 37

According to the Andersen model, individual illness __and the resultant need, whether perceived or prescribed, are the biggest predictors of medical use.

Question 38

The nation's financial crisis has brought hospital __that have reduced the supply of ERs and hospital beds.

Question 39

According to the Andersen model, technology and __norms sometimes interact to affect utilization.

Question 40

Which of the following is a predisposing factor of health care utilization?

A) Age
B) Gender
C) Race
D) All of the above

Question 41

Match the term with the appropriate definition or description:
Traits that exist prior to use of services and can predict use of health care services

A)Andersen's model of utilization of health services
B)elasticity of demand
C)elasticity of supply
D)enabling factors
E)individual determinants
F)medically underserved areas (MUAs)
G)predisposing factors
H)Rosenstock's model of utilization of health services
I)societal determinants of utilization
J)usual source of care (USOC)
K)socioeconomic status (SES)

Question 42

Match the term with the appropriate definition or description:
The responsiveness of the quantity supplied of a good or service to a change in its price

A)Andersen's model of utilization of health services
B)elasticity of demand
C)elasticity of supply
D)enabling factors
E)individual determinants
F)medically underserved areas (MUAs)
G)predisposing factors
H)Rosenstock's model of utilization of health services
I)societal determinants of utilization
J)usual source of care (USOC)
K)socioeconomic status (SES)

Question 43

Match the term with the appropriate definition or description:
The responsiveness of the quantity demanded of a good or service to a change in its price

A)Andersen's model of utilization of health services
B)elasticity of demand
C)elasticity of supply
D)enabling factors
E)individual determinants
F)medically underserved areas (MUAs)
G)predisposing factors
H)Rosenstock's model of utilization of health services
I)societal determinants of utilization
J)usual source of care (USOC)
K)socioeconomic status (SES)

Question 44

Match the term with the appropriate definition or description:
Specific components that influence utilization of health care services

A)Andersen's model of utilization of health services
B)elasticity of demand
C)elasticity of supply
D)enabling factors
E)individual determinants
F)medically underserved areas (MUAs)
G)predisposing factors
H)Rosenstock's model of utilization of health services
I)societal determinants of utilization
J)usual source of care (USOC)
K)socioeconomic status (SES)

Question 45

Match the term with the appropriate definition or description:
Used to predict utilization of all health care services

A)Andersen's model of utilization of health services
B)elasticity of demand
C)elasticity of supply
D)enabling factors
E)individual determinants
F)medically underserved areas (MUAs)
G)predisposing factors
H)Rosenstock's model of utilization of health services
I)societal determinants of utilization
J)usual source of care (USOC)
K)socioeconomic status (SES)

Question 46

Match the term with the appropriate definition or description:
Traits of a culture or lifestyle that can predict use of health care services

A)Andersen's model of utilization of health services
B)elasticity of demand
C)elasticity of supply
D)enabling factors
E)individual determinants
F)medically underserved areas (MUAs)
G)predisposing factors
H)Rosenstock's model of utilization of health services
I)societal determinants of utilization
J)usual source of care (USOC)
K)socioeconomic status (SES)

Question 47

Match the term with the appropriate definition or description:
Those conditions that facilitate the fulfillment of demand for health care services

A)Andersen's model of utilization of health services
B)elasticity of demand
C)elasticity of supply
D)enabling factors
E)individual determinants
F)medically underserved areas (MUAs)
G)predisposing factors
H)Rosenstock's model of utilization of health services
I)societal determinants of utilization
J)usual source of care (USOC)
K)socioeconomic status (SES)

Question 48

Match the term with the appropriate definition or description:
Results in increased utilization of health care services

A)Andersen's model of utilization of health services
B)elasticity of demand
C)elasticity of supply
D)enabling factors
E)individual determinants
F)medically underserved areas (MUAs)
G)predisposing factors
H)Rosenstock's model of utilization of health services
I)societal determinants of utilization
J)usual source of care (USOC)
K)socioeconomic status (SES)

Question 49

Match the term with the appropriate definition or description:
Places that are economically distressed are at higher risk for poor health

A)Andersen's model of utilization of health services
B)elasticity of demand
C)elasticity of supply
D)enabling factors
E)individual determinants
F)medically underserved areas (MUAs)
G)predisposing factors
H)Rosenstock's model of utilization of health services
I)societal determinants of utilization
J)usual source of care (USOC)
K)socioeconomic status (SES)

Question 50

Match the term with the appropriate definition or description:
Economic and social position in relation to others

A)Andersen's model of utilization of health services
B)elasticity of demand
C)elasticity of supply
D)enabling factors
E)individual determinants
F)medically underserved areas (MUAs)
G)predisposing factors
H)Rosenstock's model of utilization of health services
I)societal determinants of utilization
J)usual source of care (USOC)
K)socioeconomic status (SES)