Deck 6: Atoms and Spectra

Question 1

Diagram 6-1
In Diagram 6-1, which of the transitions would absorb a photon with the smallest energy?

A) Transition 1
B) Transition 2
C) Transition 3
D) Transition 4
E) Transition 5

Answer 1

Transition 5

Question 2

Diagram 6-2
Diagram 6-2 illustrates a light source, a gas cloud, and three different lines of sight. Along which line of sight would an observer see a continuous spectrum?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 2 and 3
E) none of them

Answer 2

1

Question 3

An atom that is excited

A) is also ionized.
B) is an isotope.
C) has had its electron moved to the lowest energy level.
D) can emit a photon when the electron moves to a lower energy level.
E) can emit a photon when the electron moves to a higher energy level.

Answer 3

can emit a photon when the electron moves to a lower energy level.

Question 4

An atom can be excited

A) if it emits a photon.
B) if it collides with another atom or electron.
C) if it absorbs a photon.
D) a and b above.
E) b and c above.

Question 5

You are standing near a railroad track and a train is moving toward you at 60 mph and blowing its horn. What will you notice as the train moves past you?

A) As the train approaches, the horn will sound lower in pitch than when the train is moving away.
B) As the train approaches, the horn will sound higher in pitch than when the train is moving away.
C) There will be no change in the pitch of the horn as it moves by.
D) The horn will get louder as the train moves away from you.
E) The horn will get quieter as the train moves toward you.

Question 6

Figure 6-1
A plot of the continuous spectra of five different stars is shown in Figure 6-1. Based on these spectra, which of the stars is the hottest?

A) Star A
B) Star B
C) Star C
D) Star D
E) Star E

Question 7

The lowest energy level in an atom is

A) the absolute zero temperature.
B) the ground state.
C) the ionization level.
D) responsible for Doppler shifts.
E) the energy level from which the Paschen series of hydrogen originates.

Question 8

Diagram 6-2
Diagram 6-2 illustrates a light source, a gas cloud, and three different lines of sight. Along which line of sight would an observer see an emission spectrum?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 2 and 3
E) none of them

Question 9

A neutral atom always contains

A) the same number of protons as it does neutrons.
B) the same number of electrons as it does neutrons.
C) the same number of protons as it does electrons.
D) twice as many protons as it does neutrons.
E) twice as many neutrons as it does protons.

Question 10

Diagram 6-1
In Diagram 6-1, which of the transitions would absorb a photon with the greatest energy?

A) Transition 1
B) Transition 2
C) Transition 3
D) Transition 4
E) Transition 5

Question 11

A(n) ____ contains two or more atoms that are bound together by exchanging or sharing electrons with each other.

A) nucleus
B) ion
C) proton
D) electron cloud
E) molecule

Question 12

____ has a negative charge and a mass about 1800 times smaller than a proton.

A) A neutron
B) An electron
C) A molecule
D) A nucleus
E) An isotope

Question 13

The neutral hydrogen atom consists of

A) one proton and one neutron.
B) one proton.
C) one proton, one neutron, and one electron.
D) one proton and one electron.
E) an isotope and an ion.

Question 14

The process of removing an electron from a stable nucleus is known as

A) ionization.
B) Doppler broadening.
C) collisional broadening.
D) a red shift.
E) quantum mechanics.

Question 15

Which of the following can be determined by using the Doppler effect?

A) I & IV
B) II & III
C) II & IV
D) I & III
E) I, III, & IV

Question 16

The ____ is responsible for binding the electrons to the nucleus.

A) Kirchhoff's law
B) ground state
C) temperature
D) Coulomb force
E) Balmer series

Question 17

Figure 6-1
A plot of the continuous spectra of five different stars is shown in Figure 6-1. Based on these spectra, which of the stars has the lowest temperature?

A) Star A
B) Star B
C) Star C
D) Star D
E) Star E

Question 18

The two most abundant elements in the sun are

A) nitrogen and oxygen.
B) hydrogen and helium.
C) sulfur and iron.
D) carbon and hydrogen.
E) carbon and nitrogen.

Question 19

Diagram 6-2
Diagram 6-2 illustrates a light source, a gas cloud, and three different lines of sight. Along which line of sight would an observer see an absorption spectrum?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 2 and 3
E) none of them

Question 20

The ____ of a gas is a measure of the average speed of the particles (atoms or molecules) in the gas.

A) heat
B) composition
C) temperature
D) blue shift
E) binding energy

Question 21

The energy of a photon is proportional to the light's

A) wavelength.
B) speed.
C) frequency.
D) intensity.
E) two of the above.

Question 22

____ is a set of rules that describes how atoms and subatomic particles behave.

A) Kirchhoff's law
B) Blackbody radiation law
C) The Coulomb force
D) Quantum mechanics
E) The binding energy

Question 23

How much energy is radiated each second by one square meter of a star whose temperature is 10,000 K? Note: $\sigma$ in the Stefan-Boltzmann law is equal to .

A) 5.67*10¹² J
B) 5.67*10⁸ J
C) 5.67*10⁴ J
D) 300 nm
E) 300,000,000 nm

Question 24

One star has a temperature of 30,000 K and another star has a temperature of 6,000 K. Compared to the cooler star, how much more energy per second will the hotter star radiate from each square meter of its surface?

A) 5 times
B) 25 times
C) 8.1*10¹⁷ times
D) 625 times
E) 1.3*10¹⁵ times

Question 25

One star has a temperature of 10,000 K and another star has a temperature of 5,000 K. Compared to the cooler star, how much more energy per second will the hotter star radiate from each square meter of its surface?

A) 16 times
B) 2 times
C) 1*10¹⁶ times
D) 625 times
E) 25 times

Question 26

The radiation emitted from a star has a maximum intensity at a wavelength of 500 nm. What is the temperature of this star?

A) 6,000 K
B) 5,000 K
C) 1.5*10⁹ K
D) 500 K
E) 10,000 K

Question 27

The bluer the light, the ____ each photon contains.

A) more energy
B) less energy
C) less speed
D) more speed
E) none of the above

Question 28

At what wavelength would a star radiate the greatest amount of energy if the star has a surface temperature of 60,000 K?

A) 50 nm
B) 500 nm
C) 300 nm
D) 1.8*10¹¹ nm
E) 180 nm

Question 29

The radiation emitted from a star has a maximum intensity at a wavelength of 300 nm. What is the temperature of this star?

A) 300 K
B) 100 K
C) 900,000,000 K
D) 90,000 K
E) 10,000 K

Question 30

What is the order of star colors with increasing temperature?

A) red, yellow, blue
B) blue, red, yellow
C) red, blue, yellow
D) yellow, red, blue
E) blue, yellow, red

Question 31

The H _$\delta$ line has a wavelength of 410.2 nm when observed in the laboratory. If the H _$\delta$ line appears in a stars spectrum at 410.0 nm, what is the radial velocity of the star?

A) 146 km/s away from the observer
B) 146 km/s toward the observer
C) 6.0*10⁷ m/s away from the observer
D) 6.0*10⁷ m/s toward the observer
E) The radial velocity of the star cannot be determined from this information.

Question 32

The sun has a surface temperature of approximately 5800 K. At what wavelength does the maximum energy radiated by the sun occur?

A) 5800 nm
B) 300 nm
C) 174 nm
D) 500 nm
E) 3000 nm

Question 33

Which of the following cannot be determined from the spectrum of a star?

A) chemical composition
B) surface temperature
C) radial (along line of sight) velocity
D) tangential (perpendicular to line of sight) velocity
E) both c and d

Question 34

Each element has its own set of characteristic absorption lines because

A) the temperature of each element can varies.
B) elements can exist in different forms of matter.
C) electron energy levels differ for each element.
D) each element has a different mass.
E) absorption lines depend upon the speed of the object.

Question 35

The Doppler effect states that the motion of any object can

A) shift the wavelength of spectral lines.
B) change the speed of light emitted from the object.
C) enhance the chemical composition of the object.
D) make the object appear hotter.
E) make the object appear cooler.

Question 36

The H _$\gamma$ line has a wavelength of 434.0 nm when observed in the laboratory. If the H _$\gamma$ line appears in a stars spectrum at 434.5 nm, what is the radial velocity of the star?

A) 346 km/s away from the observer
B) 346 km/s toward the observer
C) 1.3*10⁸ m/s away from the observer
D) 1.3*10⁸ m/s toward the observer
E) The radial velocity of the star cannot be determined from this information.

Question 37

If you move an electron in an atom from a low energy level to a higher energy level within the atom, we say that the atom is

A) in the ground state.
B) ionized.
C) dissociated.
D) in an excited state.
E) neutralized.

Question 38

Atoms that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons are called

A) ions.
B) molecules
C) atomic pairs.
D) nuclear pairs.
E) isotopes.

Question 39

The temperature of an object from which no heat energy can be extracted is

A) 0 $\degree$ F.
B) 0 $\degree$ C.
C) 0 K.
D) 100 K.
E) 100 $\degree$ C.

Question 40

The binding energy of the first level in an atom is 2.2*10^-18 J, and the binding energy of the second energy level is 1.6*10^-18 J. What is the energy of the photon that is emitted if an electron moves from the second level to the first?

A) 3.3*10^-18 J
B) 3.5*10^-36 J
C) 1.4 J
D) 3.5*10^-18 J
E) 6.0*10^-19 J

Question 41

The nucleus is made of ____

A) electrons only.
B) protons only.
C) neutrons only.
D) a and b, usually.
E) b and c, usually.

Question 42

Which one of the hydrogen atoms below is EMITTING light? The electron jumps from the

A) second energy level to first (most bound).
B) third energy level to fourth.
C) fourth energy level to fifth.
D) second energy level to third.
E) first energy level to second.

Question 43

An atom can be ionized by ____ it.

A) removing electrons from
B) adding an electron to
C) removing a proton from
D) Either answer a or b

Question 44

The wavelength of the hydrogen line from level 1 to level 2 in a hot star is ____________ the wavelength of the same line in a cool star. The stars have the same radial velocities away from Earth.

A) larger than.
B) the same as
C) smaller than
D) not enough information to answer

Question 45

A very bright UFO is seen near the moon's orbit. An astronomer takes a spectrum of it and discovers it has a bright line spectrum on a dark background. The earth's population is near panic when the astronomer announces the UFO is

A) a metal spacecraft.
B) a giant rock about to hit Earth.
C) a glowing cloud of gas.
D) a star like the sun.

Question 46

The neutral hydrogen atom consists of

A) one proton and one neutron.
B) one proton.
C) one proton, one neutron, and one electron.
D) one proton and one electron.
E) an isotope and an ion.

Question 47

If a light-emitting object is moving away from you, you observe its wavelengths to be ________ its wavelengths if it were at rest.

A) longer than
B) shorter than
C) the same as

Question 48

The process of removing an electron from a stable nucleus is known as ____________________.

Question 49

The number of ____ in the nucleus determines what element the nucleus is.

A) protons
B) electrons
C) neutrons
D) None of these determines the element.
E) All of these determines the element.

Question 50

The process of making an electron less tightly bound to an atom's nucleus is known as

A) excitation.
B) Doppler broadening.
C) collisional broadening.
D) a red shift.
E) quantum mechanics.

Question 51

Two white dwarf stars are the same size, but one has a surface temperature twice as hot as the other. The hotter star will radiate

A) half as much energy per second as the cooler star.
B) the same amount of energy per second as the cooler star.
C) four times as much energy per second as the cooler star.
D) sixteen times as much energy per second as the cooler star.

Question 52

Suppose the laboratory wavelength of a spectral line is 600 nm. In a star it is measured to be 599.4 nm. Is the star moving toward or away from us, relative to the line of sight? How fast is it moving? (Hint: c = 300,000 km/s)

A) toward; 300 km/s
B) away; 300 km/s
C) at rest; 0 km/s
D) sideways; 300 km/s
E) toward; 150 km/s

Question 53

The most massive part of the atom is(are) the ____ which has(have) a ____ charge.

A) electrons; negative
B) nucleus; negative
C) electrons; positive
D) nucleus; positive

Question 54

If continuous spectrum light from a star passes through a cool, low-density gas on its way to your telescope and spectroscope, ____ spectrum on the continuous spectrum results.

A) a dark (absorption) line
B) a bright (emission) line
C) continuous

Question 55

The figure shows a color image of Betelgeuse, a red giant star. Which of the surface temperatures below best matches Betelgeuse's surface temperature? Hint: Our sun at 6000 K is yellow.

A) 64,000 K
B) 32,000 K
C) 16,000 K
D) 8000 K
E) 2000 K

Question 56

Which of the following is not a fundamental component of the atom?

A) proton
B) neutron
C) ion
D) electron

Question 57

At what wavelength would a star radiate the greatest amount of energy if the star has a surface temperature of 10,000 K?

A) 10 nm
B) 100 nm
C) 300 nm
D) 1.0*10⁴ nm
E) 3.0*10¹⁰ nm

Question 58

Which one of the hydrogen atoms below is EMITTING light at a wavelength in the Balmer series?

A) second energy level to first (most bound)
B) third energy level to second
C) fourth energy level to third
D) second energy level to third
E) first energy level to second

Question 59

In the diagram below, draw the transition that would emit a photon with the smallest wavelength.

Question 60

The ____________________ of a star can be determined from its color.

Question 61

Describe the appearance of each of the three types of spectra described by Kirchhoff's laws. Describe how each of the three types of spectra is formed.

Question 62

Describe two ways in which an atom can be excited.

Question 63

Blue stars are hotter than red stars.

Question 64

Blue stars emit most of their energy at shorter wavelengths than red stars..

Question 65

The Lyman series lines of hydrogen all lie in the infrared.

Question 66

Hydrogen lines are weak in the spectra of hot stars because many of the hydrogen atoms are ionized.

Question 67

Hydrogen alpha is the longest wavelength Balmer line.

Question 68

An atom is ionized if one of its electrons jumps to a higher energy level in the atom.

Question 69

Earth's atmosphere blocks most forms of electromagnetic radiation from entering except for ____________________ and ____________________.

Question 70

An absorption spectrum is also called a bright-line spectrum.

Question 71

The nucleus of the hydrogen atom consists of a single neutron.

Question 72

If one star has a temperature of 4000 K and another star has a temperature of 40,000 K, how much more energy per second will the hotter star radiate from each square meter of its surface? ____________________

Question 73

____________________ is a measure of the amount of energy due to the motion of the particles in a gas, liquid, or solid.

Question 74

The peak wavelength in the continuous emission spectrum of a body is inversely proportional to its ____________________.

Question 75

The hotter an object, the more blue it appears.

Question 76

Isotopes of the same element have the same number of protons.

Question 77

Why should photons emitted by a hotter gas have, on average, shorter wavelengths than photons emitted by a cooler gas?

Question 78

The Doppler effect is sensitive only to motion along the line of sight.

Question 79

An atom that has lost an electron is called an ion.

Question 80

When the electrons in an atom are in their lowest possible energy levels, the atom is said to be in its ____________________ state.