Deck 3: Black People in Colonial North America

Question 1

Which of the following was characteristic of most slaves' daily lives on plantations from 1700-1750?

A) Most slaves lived on small tracts of land and worked closely with their masters.
B) Most slaves worked inside the homes of their masters.
C) Most slaves worked three days a week, without rest from dawn to dusk.
D) Most slaves were beaten horribly through physical punishment on a daily basis.

Answer 1

Most slaves lived on small tracts of land and worked closely with their masters.

Question 2

Examine the photograph of a slave code book.What detail makes it appear to be an official government document from the 1600s?

A) It is light in color inside and outside.
B) It is open for the reader to view.
C) It has a printed cover and title.
D) It is encyclopedic in length and detail.

Answer 2

It has a printed cover and title.

Question 3

What was the status of the first Africans in the British colony of Virginia?

A) slaves
B) wives and husbands of colonists
C) prisoners
D) servants

Answer 3

servants

Question 4

Why were the British unable to establish colonies as rapidly as the Spanish did?

A) The English monarchy was wealthier than the Spanish monarchy.
B) The English people were experiencing social turmoil.
C) The climate in North America was very similar to the climate in England.
D) France prevented the English from colonizing North America.

Question 5

How did slaves influence the choice of cash crop in Carolina?

A) West African slaves had experience with rice cultivation.
B) Slaves arriving from Virginia knew a great deal of information about tobacco cultivation.
C) West Africans had learned how to produce silk from trade with Arabs and the East.
D) West African slaves enjoyed foods prepared with corn, and planted this in abundance.

Question 6

What does the story of Anthony Johnson reveal about blacks in the colonies before the 1670s?

A) Blacks were never able to gain their freedom from slavery.
B) Blacks had no legal rights in the courts, as opposed to the Spanish system.
C) Blacks could own substantial amounts of property and participate in colony politics.
D) Blacks were rarely allowed any types of rights and were always considered "chattel."

Question 7

Where was the first permanent British settlement in North America?

A) Jamestown
B) Newfoundland
C) Roanoke
D) Massachusetts Bay

Question 8

What types of achievements did American Indians in North and South America make before the arrival of Columbus?

A) American Indians had an incredibly primitive society and had accomplished very little at the time Columbus arrived.
B) American Indians had made some simplistic efforts at understanding science but had very little political organization.
C) American Indians had established religions and large cities but had made few cultural achievements, such as art or literature.
D) American Indian civilizations had established political systems, large cities, and made many discoveries in science.

Question 9

How did slaves demonstrate their African culture in their everyday lives?

A) Male slaves wore elaborate jewelry made of flowers and shells.
B) Male and female slaves continued the African style of architecture and diet and avoided European foods.
C) Female slaves created African-style head wraps and clothing.
D) Male and female slaves had large wardrobes of clothing, with many changes of clothes available.

Question 10

What happened to the Mississippian culture during the fourteenth century?

A) They were wiped out by European diseases.
B) They were destroyed by climate change and warfare.
C) They became the dominant culture in the hemisphere after destroying a rival tribe.
D) They were the first culture to use domesticated animals in agriculture.

Question 11

Which of the following is true of the Spanish empire in America?

A) The Spanish came in large numbers and enslaved all native people immediately.
B) The Spanish overseers were often much kinder and more generous than in other cultures.
C) The Spanish, Indian, and African cultures intermingled in what became a multicultural colonial society.
D) Africans arrived in the Spanish colonies only after 1600.

Question 12

France did not establish a settlement in the Americas until 1604; that settlement centered on the St.Lawrence River and grew into what was known as either New France or Canada.It became a trading empire,based on __________.

A) acquiring beaver pelts and other furs from American Indians
B) exchanging arms with American Indians
C) exchanging poorer for richer tracts of land with American Indians
D) providing housing American Indian war captives

Question 13

Examine the 1876 drawing depicting "Slaves Quarters' in the Cellar of the Old Knickerbocker Mansion" circa 1770.What does the image reveal about slave life in early America?

A) Slaves inhabited cabins.
B) Slaves possessed guns.
C) Slaves lived in nuclear family units.
D) Slaves were well-dressed.

Question 14

How did the work of black women vary from that of black men?

A) They never had to work in the fields.
B) They frequently worked as domestic servants.
C) They had access to some skilled occupations, like carpentry and shoemakers.
D) They were not allowed to take part in weaving.

Question 15

Who was the first English explorer to reach North America in 1497?

A) Sir Francis Drake
B) John Smith
C) John Cabot
D) Christopher Columbus

Question 16

Who comprised the largest class of laborers in British North America before 1670?

A) black slaves
B) white slaves
C) Russian immigrants
D) indentured servants

Question 17

Examine the painting of a Dutch ship arriving at Jamestown in 1619.What does the painting reveal about the initial African arrival in Jamestown?

A) Africans arrived as sailors.
B) Africans arrived as contented people.
C) Africans arrived by force.
D) Africans arrived wearing heavy clothing.

Question 18

What colonies made up the "low country"?

A) Virginia and Maryland
B) South Carolina and Georgia
C) Georgia and Florida
D) Delaware and New Jersey

Question 19

Examine the 1876 drawing depicting "Slaves Quarters' in the Cellar of the Old Knickerbocker Mansion" circa 1770.How does the image romanticize slave life in early America?

A) Slaves are dancing and appear content.
B) Slaves possess physical objects.
C) Slaves sit and stand in the image.
D) Slaves of different ages are in the cabin.

Question 20

According to Map 3-1,why did African-American slaves in the American colonies benefit from French and Spanish colonies in North America?

A) The close proximity of the other colonies meant that escape was possible.
B) The close proximity of the other colonies made it easier for the British to capture runaways.
C) The close proximity of the other colonies made clothing more accessible for British slaves.
D) The close proximity of the other colonies broadened the diets of British slaves.

Question 21

What types of labor were most common for slave women before 1800?

A) domestic labor
B) industrial factory labor
C) field labor
D) housing construction labor

Question 22

How did slaves deal with religious beliefs in the American colonies during the 1700s?

A) Forced conversion to Christianity by masters destroyed their African religious origins.
B) Africans really had no true type of religion and therefore accepted Christianity easily.
C) Until 1800, African Americans continued to practice many aspects of African religions.
D) Africans quickly adopted American-Indian religions.

Question 23

How did slavery differ in the northern British colonies compared to the southern colonies before 1750?

A) Slavery never existed in the North.
B) Slavery was less extensive in the North because more white labor was available.
C) Almost no slaves performed agricultural labor because the North was mostly industrial.
D) Slaves had extensive legal rights in the North that were non-existent in the South.

Question 24

What was the occupation of many black slaves in the Spanish colony of St.Augustine?

A) soldiers
B) agricultural workers
C) house servants
D) gold miners

Question 25

Why did blacks form their own churches in British North America?

A) Black members had to sit apart from white members in church services.
B) Blacks wanted to reinforce a black collective identity.
C) White masters emphasized parts of Christianity that helped slaves resist slavery.
D) Black churchgoers wanted to continue elements of African worship.

Question 26

Examine the detail from the mural located in the Arizona capitol building.Why most likely did the mural artist include a depiction of Esteban?

A) He commanded an expedition that explored Canada.
B) He was a former slave who helped Spain explore the Southwest.
C) He was a white slave owner who settled New Mexico.
D) He served as King of Spain for a brief period of time.

Question 27

How did African Americans relate to the city of New Orleans in the early 1700s?

A) Most African Americans in Louisiana lived there.
B) Most Africans did not belong to its small mixed-race population.
C) Most blacks in the city remained African in religion.
D) African slaves became agricultural workers in the city.

Question 28

How was the Christianity of the Great Awakening similar to native African practices?

A) The Protestant ministers' preaching style was similar to African "spirit possession."
B) The Christian concept of hell was similar to that of African beliefs.
C) Both religions focused on Christ as a central figure of worship.
D) Both religions utilized a multiple-God or spirit system of worship.

Question 29

Examine the eighteenth-century painting of South Carolina slaves.What type of celebration is probably portrayed in the painting?

A) baptism
B) wedding
C) funeral
D) graduation

Question 30

Examine the painting of black families seated in a row along the wall of a shack.What will be the fate of these black families?

A) They will soon be the owners of the white men outside of the doorway.
B) The families will be broken up through sale to white men.
C) The families will successfully escape their kidnappers.
D) The families will petition local government for their release.

Question 31

How did black women's lives differ from black men's lives under slavery?

A) Black women but not men were allowed to practice African religion.
B) Black women worked exclusively as field workers and men as domestics.
C) Black women were physically separated from men at an early age.
D) Black women were under constant threat of sexual exploitation and men were not.

Question 32

How did miscegenation develop in the various European colonies?

A) Because of the extreme racism of the British, racial mixing never occurred.
B) Miscegenation was more extensive and accepted in French and Spanish colonies.
C) Less racial mixing between blacks and American Indians occurred in Spanish colonies.
D) Miscegenation was a rare occurrence anywhere, made illegal by strict laws.

Question 33

What factor contributed most to the preservation and continuation of West African culture in British North America?

A) the increased importation of West African men
B) the freeing of slaves by white masters in the British colonies
C) the slaves considering it an unimportant part of their lives
D) more balanced sex ratios after 1750

Question 34

What African characteristic(s)did second-generation slaves rapidly lose in America?

A) language
B) elements of family structure and concepts of self-worth
C) feelings of love for parents
D) knowledge about agricultural production

Question 35

How were slaves in the Spanish colony of St.Augustine different than slaves under British rule?

A) St.Augustine slaves suffered physical abuse more than slaves under British rule.
B) Slaves in St.Augustine had some social standing from their positions as militiamen and their church membership.
C) The Spanish considered slavery to be a temporary condition for the enslaved.
D) Spanish slaves were considered the social and political equals to whites in the colony.

Question 36

How did the British view the race of a child who was part white and part black?

A) The mixed child was always considered the same race as the mother.
B) The mixed child was defined as black.
C) The mixed child was defined as white.
D) The mixed child was defined as superior to pure whites.

Question 37

What factor slowed the spread of Christianity among slaves before the Great Awakening?

A) the warm southern climate and high summer rainfall levels
B) fear on the part of slave masters that Christianity would bring ideas of freedom and equality to slaves
C) an American Indian ban on Africans conversion to Christianity
D) a refusal by Catholic leaders to permit church membership to non-whites

Question 38

Examine the eighteenth-century painting of South Carolina slaves.What parts of the scene reveal European influences?

A) clothing and housing design
B) food and dietary cuisine
C) medicine and health practices
D) religious expression

Question 39

Examine the eighteenth-century painting of South Carolina slaves.What aspects of the image reveal a plantation setting?

A) The image includes bright clothing worn by the people.
B) The image includes jugs, bottles, and musical instruments.
C) The image includes men and women in various postures.
D) The image includes blacks and rows of cabins.

Question 40

Which African instrument survived to be used by slaves on American plantations?

A) flute or piccolo
B) violin
C) harpsichord
D) banjo

Question 41

The Great __________ was a large religious revival in the British colonies in the mid- to late-eighteenth century.

Question 42

Northern African-American slaves had plenty of opportunities to increase their connections to African culture.

Question 43

A warmer climate made slavery in the northern colonies very extensive and profitable.

Question 44

The French government established the colony of California in 1699.

Question 45

In Texas,Spanish settlers created economic production centers called ranchos.

Question 46

__________Rebellion in 1676 was a revolt in Virginia by former indentured servants demanding political change.

Question 47

How did slaves resist the system of slavery?

A) by working at a fast pace
B) by destroying their masters' property
C) by performing their jobs correctly
D) by obeying all of their masters' commands

Question 48

As illustrated in the image of the newspaper announcement shown in Chapter 3,even prominent colonial Americans advertised for runaway slaves in newspapers.

Question 49

In the __________ Rebellion in 1739,newly arrived Africans began a bloody revolt against slavery in South Carolina.

Question 50

Examine the painting of black families seated in a row along the wall of a shack.What emotional reactions did the artist bestow upon the black people in the room?

A) happiness and joy
B) sadness and melancholy
C) hostility and anger
D) stoicism and indifference

Question 51

Africans helped to construct the Spanish settlement of St.Augustine,Florida,in the 1500s.

Question 52

The United States fought the __________ War in Florida between 1835 and 1842.

Question 53

Why was most slave resistance before the late-eighteenth century generally not part of a coordinated attempt by blacks to destroy the entire institution?

A) Ideas of natural human rights and equality of all would not spread until the American Revolution.
B) Most slaves could not read or write and therefore could not communicate with each other.
C) Slaves were so psychologically damaged during slavery that they simply failed to resist their masters in any way.
D) Slaves really didn't understand the nature of slavery and therefore could not attempt to break it down in any organized way.

Question 54

Slave codes were harsher in the Middle Colonies because black populations were larger than in the northern colonies.

Question 55

In the Southwest,the Anasazi and later Pueblo peoples developed farming communities.

Question 56

Black English is an example of a __________ language.

Question 57

The term chattel refers to the concept of__________.

Question 58

Africans accustomed to collective agricultural labor imposed the "__________ system" on most American plantations.

Question 59

The relationships between black people and American Indians during colonial times were simplistic.

Question 60

New York City possessed a particularly small population of blacks.

Question 61

Why did health conditions vary the historical experience of black slave women across the British colonies?

Question 62

The Great Dismal __________ is an example of an escaped slave settlement in North American history.

Question 63

Why did race and heredity play a role in black people's lives in the northern parts of New Spain?

Question 64

How did African Americans continue various elements of their African heritage during slavery? What does this tell us about Africans from a social and cultural standpoint?

Question 65

Discuss the importance and origin of music,language and folk literature for the slaves.How can these be seen as elements of resistance?

Question 66

Why do we see the strictest slave codes originating in Carolina?

Question 67

What specific gender ideas did the British have about slave women? How did these ideas impact the lives of black women?

Question 68

What forms of labor did the British initially use in North America? Why did they begin to turn to African sources?

Question 69

How did Bacon's Rebellion affect the American system of slavery?

Question 70

A __________ community is a settlement of escaped slaves.

Question 71

How did slaves resist their situation and the oppression of slavery? What groups were more likely to resist? Why?

Question 72

Why did climate and economic considerations make slavery different in the northern colonies compared to the southern colonies of British North America?

Question 73

In New York City,slaves resorted to __________ as a means of resistance.