Deck 7: The Road to Revolution

Question 1

The first law ever passed by Parliament for raising tax revenues in the colonies for the crown was the

A) Stamp Act.
B) Declaratory Act.
C) Townshend Acts.
D) Quartering Act.
E) Sugar Act.

Answer 1

Sugar Act.

Question 2

Before 1763 the Navigation Laws

A) made British merchants wealthy at the expense of Americans.
B) hurt Great Britain more than the American colonies.
C) prevented Americans from trading with countries besides Britain.
D) discouraged smuggling by American colonial merchants.
E) were only loosely enforced in the American colonies.

Answer 2

were only loosely enforced in the American colonies.

Question 3

Under mercantilist doctrine, the American colonies were expected to do all of the following except

A) supply Britain with raw materials not available there.
B) become economically self-sufficient as soon as possible.
C) not indulge in dangerous dreams of economic independence.
D) provide a market for British manufactured goods.
E) refrain from manufacturing finished goods for trade.

Answer 3

become economically self-sufficient as soon as possible.

Question 4

The American colonial advocates of republicanism argued that a just society depends on

A) a powerful central government.
B) the absence of a permanent military establishment.
C) a strong aristocratic tradition.
D) the right of every citizen to vote.
E) the willingness of all citizens to subordinate their private interests to the common good.

Question 5

Which of the following was not among the benefits Americans enjoyed under the mercantile system?

A) the protection of the British army and navy
B) incorporation in the mighty British empire without taxation
C) the opportunity to share in the governance of other British colonies
D) a monopoly for American planters in the British tobacco market
E) subsidies for certain goods like ships' parts

Question 6

In a broad sense, America was

A) a revolutionary force from the day of its discovery.
B) a place that nurtured a love for Britain.
C) completely dependent on Britain for economic support.
D) a place few new ideas took shape.
E) a conservative country from the beginning.

Question 7

The first Navigation Law of 1650 required that

A) the colonists transfer most of their profits from trade to Britain.
B) all commerce to and from the colonies be carried in British ships.
C) foster a colonial economy that would offer healthy competition with Britain's.
D) only specified agricultural products be grown in the colonies.
E) ship traffic on the Atlantic follow specified routes.

Question 8

Republican theory held that the stability of society and the authority of the government

A) rested with the legislature.
B) required a fair distribution of economic goods.
C) depended on the free enterprise system.
D) had to be based on a constitution and bill of rights.
E) depended upon the virtue of its citizenry.

Question 9

The British Crown's "royal veto" of colonial legislation

A) was used frequently to overturn laws passed in colonial assemblies.
B) prohibited colonists from conducting the slave trade.
C) could be overturned by a vote of two-thirds of the colonies.
D) was used rather sparingly.
E) was opposed by Parliament.

Question 10

The founding of the American colonies by the British was

A) the result of a careful plan developed by Queen Elizabeth I.
B) based on the religious aspirations of groups such as the Puritans and the Quakers.
C) strongly opposed by the "Little Englanders."
D) undertaken in a haphazard manner under a variety of auspices.
E) supervised by the British army and navy.

Question 11

Match each act below with the correct description.

A) A-3, B-2, C-l
B) A-1, B-4, C-3
C) A-1, B-4, C-2
D) A-4, B-1, C-2
E) A-2, B-1, C-4

Question 12

The British Parliament enacted currency restrictions that were intended primarily to benefit

A) Virginia tobacco planters.
B) British merchants.
C) New England merchants.
D) London bankers.
E) the Crown.

Question 13

Under the mercantilist system, the British government reserved the right to do all of the following regarding the American colonies except

A) restrain the colonies from printing paper currency.
B) restrict the passage of lax bankruptcy laws.
C) require that all colonial goods had to be first landed in Britain.
D) prevent the colonies from developing militias.
E) specify that certain colonial products must be shipped to Britain.

Question 14

When it came to the Revolution, it could be said that the American colonists

A) were perpetually hostile to authority.
B) believed that revolution was a necessary step in human progress.
C) based their revolt on working class hostility to British aristocracy.
D) revolted against the cultural domination of the mother country.
E) were reluctant revolutionaries.

Question 15

A new relationship between Britain and its American colonies was initiated in 1763 when ____ assumed charge of colonial policy.

A) Charles Townshend
B) George Grenville
C) Lord North
D) William Pitt
E) King George III

Question 16

Mercantilists believed that

A) a nation needed to import more goods than it exported.
B) imperial power was a detriment to free trade.
C) the mother country produced raw materials and colonies produced the finished product.
D) a country's economic wealth could be measured by the amount of gold and silver in its treasury.
E) the less economic regulation the better.

Question 17

The "radical Whigs" feared

A) too much democracy.
B) a written constitution.
C) the arbitrary power and corruption of the monarchy.
D) a too powerful parliament.
E) the growth of cities as threats to moral virtue.

Question 18

One change in colonial policy by the British government that helped precipitate the American Revolution involved

A) removing British troops from American soil.
B) drafting colonists into the British army.
C) forcing colonial assemblies to raise taxes.
D) compelling the American colonists to shoulder some of the financial costs of the empire.
E) cutting off subsidies to American products like tobacco.

Question 19

The British Parliament passed the Stamp Act to

A) raise money to support new military forces needed for colonial defense.
B) enable the British government to cut taxes at home.
C) impose tighter control on documents printed in America.
D) provide subsidies for British and American merchants.
E) provide funds for developing an American postal system.

Question 20

Despite the benefits of the mercantile system, the American colonists disliked it because

A) it forced the South to adopt a one-crop economy.
B) it favored the northern over the southern colonies.
C) it reinforced class differences in the colonies.
D) it reinforced dependence on the mother country and stifled economic initiative.
E) it encouraged harsh repression by British officials.

Question 21

Arrange these events in chronological order: (A) Boston Massacre, (B) Townshend Acts, (C) Tea Act, (D) Intolerable Acts.

A) A, B, C, D
B) D, B, C, A
C) C, B, D, A
D) B, A, C, D
E) A, C, D, B

Question 22

Passage of the Sugar Act and the Stamp Act

A) led many colonists to believe that the British were trying to stifle their economy.
B) convinced many colonists that the British were trying to take away their historic liberty.
C) led to alliances between Americans and British radical thinkers.
D) exemplified to many colonists the difference between legislation and taxation.
E) required approval by each colonial legislature.

Question 23

Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) Sugar Act, (B) Declaratory Act, (C) Stamp Act, (D) repeal of the Stamp Act.

A) A, C, D, B
B) C, A, D, B
C) C, B, A, D
D) B, A, C, D
E) A, B, D, C

Question 24

The Boston Tea Party of 1773 was

A) an isolated incident.
B) directed primarily at the British East India Company.
C) partly provoked by Governor Thomas Hutchinson's harsh enforcement of the law.
D) supported by American conservatives and radicals alike.
E) a largely symbolic act of protest.

Question 25

In rebelling against the Stamp Act, many colonists

A) sent delegates to the Stamp Act Congress.
B) developed nonimportation agreements against British goods.
C) held spinning bees to make homespun cloth.
D) hanged colonial tax officials in effigy.
E) all of these.

Question 26

As a result of American opposition to the Townshend Acts,

A) British officials sent regiments of troops to Boston to restore law and order.
B) the port of Boston was closed.
C) Americans killed several British soldiers in the Boston Massacre.
D) the British imposed a new tax on tea.
E) Prime Minister Townshend was forced to resign.

Question 27

The most drastic measure of the Intolerable Acts was the

A) Quartering Act.
B) Quebec Act.
C) Sugar Act.
D) Courts Act.
E) Boston Port Act.

Question 28

Both the ____ Act and the ____ Act provided for trying accused offenders in admiralty courts where they would be assumed to be guilty unless proven innocent.

A) Townshend, Stamp
B) Sugar, Stamp
C) Stamp, Quartering
D) Declaratory, Stamp
E) Quartering, Sugar

Question 29

The Quebec Act was especially unpopular in the American colonies because it did all of the following except

A) turn an extensive amount of territory over to Catholic control.
B) affect many colonies, not just Massachusetts.
C) impose restrictions on French Canadian institutions and customs.
D) alarm land speculators, who saw a huge area snatched from their grasp.
E) set a dangerous precedent against jury trials.

Question 30

The local committees of correspondence organized by Samuel Adams

A) promoted his bid to become governor of Massachusetts.
B) promoted independent action in each colony to support the British.
C) kept opposition to the British alive through exchanging letters.
D) served as a precursor to the United States Postal Service.
E) led the Boston Massacre.

Question 31

The tax on tea was retained when the Townshend Acts were repealed because

A) people loved tea so much they would pay the tax.
B) the money was needed to support British troops in America.
C) it kept alive the principle of parliamentary taxation.
D) it was the only tax passed by the colonists.
E) it was demanded by the British East India Company.

Question 32

The British government eventually repealed nearly all the Townshend taxes because

A) they realized that direct taxes would be more effective.
B) smuggling had made the laws practically unenforceable.
C) colonists had stopped using glass, paper, and paint.
D) Lord North's government understood the justice of colonial protests.
E) they produced little revenue and were costly to enforce.

Question 33

When the British government awarded a monopoly on the American tea trade to the British East India Company,

A) it stirred colonial opposition to big business monopolies.
B) colonists believed it was designed to get them to violate their principles and pay the tea tax.
C) the colonists immediately called the First Continental Congress into session.
D) the colonists realized that the British government was favoring Indian tea growers over American consumers.
E) many Americans gave up tea and turned to coffee.

Question 34

When colonists shouted, "No taxation without representation," they were

A) denying Parliament's power to legislate for the colonies.
B) rejecting Parliament's power to levy revenue-raising taxes on the colonies.
C) objecting to King George's taxes imposed without Parliamentary approval.
D) demanding the right to be represented in the British Parliament.
E) insisting that colonial legislatures have a veto power over taxes.

Question 35

Match each individual on the left with the correct description.

A) A-4, B-3, C-2
B) A-3, B-4, C-1
C) A-2, B-4, C-2
D) A-2, B-1, C-3
E) A-4, B-1, C-2

Question 36

Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) clash at Lexington and Concord, (B) meeting of the First Continental Congress, (C) Quebec Act, (D) Boston Tea Party.

A) C, D, A, B
B) B, A, C, D
C) D, C, B, A
D) A, B, D, C
E) A, D, C, B

Question 37

The Quebec Act

A) outlawed Catholicism in British Quebec.
B) guaranteed Quebec its traditional customs and Catholic religion.
C) restricted Quebec's boundaries to the area north of the Great Lakes.
D) ended the issues that caused the French and Indian War.
E) was a harshly repressive measure.

Question 38

Colonists vehemently objected to the Stamp Act because

A) it would put a heavy burden on the colonial economy.
B) it was imposed by King George III without Parliamentary approval.
C) it was imposed by a Parliament in which they had no representation.
D) they opposed all taxes.
E) no British citizens had ever paid a tax on printed documents.

Question 39

The Stamp Act Congress was held in

A) Boston.
B) Philadelphia.
C) Chicago.
D) Newport.
E) New York.

Question 40

"Virtual" representation was the British theory that

A) colonists could cast "virtual" votes in Parliament without being physically present.
B) members of Parliament represented all British subjects even those who had not voted for them.
C) colonists could elect their own representatives to Parliament.
D) Parliament could pass virtually all types of legislation except taxes.
E) the colonists' political virtue was embodied in Parliament.

Question 41

Regarding American independence,

A) a majority of Americans vigorously supported the cause.
B) most of the American business community sacrificed profit for victory.
C) it was British blunders more than American effort that won the war.
D) only a minority of Americans backed independence with selfless devotion.
E) the Spanish and Dutch provided the crucial aid that brought victory.

Question 42

The colonists faced all of the following weaknesses in the War for Independence except

A) poor organization.
B) colonial disunity and weak central authority.
C) a weak economy and lack of military supplies.
D) the necessity of employing European officers.
E) a poorly trained militia and few professional soldiers.

Question 43

At war's end the British kept their word, to some at least, evacuating as many as fourteen thousand ____ to Nova Scotia, Jamaica, and Britain itself for their loyalty to the British Empire during the war.

A) Mulattos
B) Whigs
C) Black Loyalists
D) Patriots
E) Tories

Question 44

As a result of Parliament's rejection of the First Continental Congress's petitions,

A) Americans vowed to declare their independence.
B) both sides prepared for an imminent clash of arms.
C) Sam Adams and John Hancock were arrested.
D) America sent a last-ditch peace delegation to London.
E) King George III declared the colonists to be in rebellion.

Question 45

In November 1775 ____, royal governor of Virginia, issued a proclamation offering freedom to any enslaved black in Virginia who joined the British Army.

A) Thomas Hutchinson
B) George Grenville
C) Lord Dunmore
D) William Franklin
E) Robert Townshend

Question 46

As the War for Independence began, Britain had the advantage of

A) overwhelming national wealth and naval power.
B) an alliance with Spain and Holland.
C) a well-organized and united home government and population.
D) first-rate generals and a well-supplied professional army.
E) a well-formed strategic military plan.

Question 47

The Navigation Laws required that

A) all commerce to and from the colonies be carried only on British vessels.
B) European goods going to the colonies had first to be put in at a British port and pay duties.
C) certain goods produced in the colonies, like tobacco, be shipped only to Britain.
D) the colonies could not sell goods in any country except Britain.
E) the colonies had to use British paper currency.

Question 48

The Townshend Acts

A) were more vigorously protested by colonists than was the Stamp Act.
B) were designed to raise revenue to help pay the salaries of royal governors.
C) failed to produce the volume of revenue expected.
D) were largely repealed by Parliament.
E) were reluctantly accepted by the colonists.

Question 49

In direct response to the Boston Tea Party, Parliament

A) closed Boston harbor.
B) restricted town meetings in New England.
C) allowed British officials who killed colonists to be taken to Britain for trial.
D) repealed the Tea Act.
E) passed the Quebec Act.

Question 50

All of the following were weaknesses of the British during the War for Independence except

A) second-rate military officers.
B) insufficient naval forces.
C) the need to keep many soldiers in Ireland and elsewhere.
D) inadequate provisions.
E) a confused and inept government.

Question 51

By the end of the War for Independence,

A) the majority of Americans supported independence with selfless devotion.
B) the part-time militia had proven effective at guerilla warfare.
C) the American military no longer needed foreign assistance.
D) a few thousand American regular troops became an effective fighting force.
E) America had developed a strong, well-trained navy.

Question 52

Many Whigs in Britain hoped for an American victory in the War for Independence because they

A) wanted the Tory government defeated so they could come to power.
B) were strongly pacifist.
C) feared that if George III triumphed, his rule at home might become tyrannical.
D) rejected colonialism.
E) admired the principles of republicanism.

Question 53

Colonists disliked the new British policy of trying accused tax-policy offenders in admiralty courts because the offenders

A) would be assumed guilty unless they could prove themselves innocent.
B) would be taken to Britain for trial.
C) could not present witnesses in their own defense.
D) would not receive a jury trial.
E) could not have an attorney.

Question 54

The First Continental Congress

A) was attended by delegates from all of the thirteen colonies.
B) adopted a moderate proposal for establishing colonial home rule under British direction.
C) made a ringing declaration of America's independence from Britain.
D) called for a complete boycott of British goods.
E) brought George Washington to the fore as the most prominent anti-British radical.

Question 55

African Americans during the Revolutionary War

A) fought for both the Americans and the British.
B) were betrayed by the British whom they fought for.
C) were promised freedom from slavery by the Americans.
D) were seldom enlisted in the armed forces of either side.
E) seized the opportunity to gain their freedom by running away to Canada and the West Indies.

Question 56

The First Continental Congress was called in order to

A) protest the Intolerable Acts and redress colonial grievances.
B) pass legislation that would nullify British tax laws.
C) raise and organize an army to fight the British.
D) decide which of Parliament's taxes the colonies would and would not pay.
E) establish a unified government for the colonies.

Question 57

As the War for Independence began, the colonies had the advantage of

A) highly reliable and well-supplied troops.
B) potential aid from the Armed Neutrality League.
C) a well-organized, strongly committed, and united population.
D) many outstanding political and military leaders.
E) a sound economy and financial system.

Question 58

Prime Minister George Grenville responded to American protests against his policies by asserting that

A) colonists were "virtually" represented in Parliament even if they did not have the vote.
B) the power of Parliament was absolutely supreme in the empire.
C) the King would protect the "rights of Englishmen" against tyranny.
D) British subjects could be taxed without their being represented in Parliament.
E) he would remove British troops in America if their protests stopped.

Question 59

To a degree, the Navigation Laws were beneficial to colonists because

A) colonists were paid subsidies for producing ships' parts and stores.
B) tobacco growers were guaranteed a monopoly of the British market for their crop.
C) colonial trading ships were protected by the Royal Navy.
D) colonists had a guaranteed market in other parts of the British empire.
E) gold and silver flowed into the colonies from the West Indies.