Deck 21: The Furnace of Civil War

Question 1

The most serious Confederate threat to the Union blockade came from

A) British navy vessels on loan to the South.
B) swift blockade-running clipper ships.
C) the threat of mutiny from pro-southern sailors.
D) the ironclad Virginia..
E) the ironclad Monitor.

Answer 1

the ironclad Virginia..

Question 2

The North's "victory" at Antietam allowed President Lincoln to

A) issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
B) demand that Britain stop aiding the Confederacy.
C) force the Border States to remain in the Union.
D) keep General McClellan as commander of the Union forces.
E) suppress Copperhead opposition in the North.

Answer 2

issue the Emancipation Proclamation.

Question 3

After defeating McClellan at the Second Battle of Bull Run, Robert E. Lee decided to

A) consolidate his forces to protect the Confederate capital.
B) send Jeb Stuart's cavalry to raid northern lines.
C) invade the Union via Maryland.
D) call for a cease fire and peace negotiations.
E) shift some of his troops to the Tennessee and Kentucky fronts.

Answer 3

invade the Union via Maryland.

Question 4

After assuming command of the Army of the Potomac, General George McClellan made the mistake of

A) attacking the Confederate armies head on.
B) relying on Lincoln's military judgment.
C) devising a questionable strategy for attacking Richmond from the sea.
D) relying too heavily on fast-moving cavalry units.
E) consistently believing that the enemy outnumbered him.

Question 5

At the beginning of the Civil War, in 1861, the South won the battle of

A) Vicksburg.
B) Bull Run.
C) Gettysburg.
D) Atlanta.
E) Lookout Mountain.

Question 6

After the Peninsula Campaign, Union strategy included all of the following except

A) cutting the Confederacy in half by seizing the Mississippi River.
B) marching through Georgia and then the Carolinas.
C) blockading the Confederacy's coastline.
D) liberating the slaves to undermine the southern economy.
E) striking deep into the Confederacy via the Appalachian Mountain chain.

Question 7

George B. McClellan, commander of the Army of the Potomac, is best described as

A) disliked by his own men.
B) aggressive.
C) overcautious.
D) poorly prepared for military leadership.
E) poorly organized.

Question 8

The Union's defeat in battle at Bull Run in 1861 was actually better than a victory because

A) Lincoln immediately brought Ulysses S. Grant in to command the Army of the Potomac.
B) the defeat caused Northerners to face up to the reality of a long, difficult war.
C) "Stonewall" Jackson was killed.
D) it caused Lincoln to declare a war against slavery.
E) it forced the Union to develop a strategic battle plan.

Question 9

Lincoln hoped that a Union victory at Bull Run would

A) lead to the capture of the Confederate capital at Richmond.
B) bring an end to slavery.
C) secure Washington and Baltimore from Confederate attack.
D) keep the Border states from joining the Confederacy.
E) lead Congress to provide full funding for the war.

Question 10

As a result of the Union defeat in the Peninsula Campaign,

A) Lincoln named George McClellan commander of the Union forces.
B) the North decided to fight a war of containment.
C) Lincoln began to draft the Emancipation Proclamation.
D) Lincoln decided that they key to the war was controlling the Mississippi River.
E) the Union commanders were left without an overall military strategy.

Question 11

The primary base of operations for southern blockade-runners was

A) the British Bahamas.
B) Cuba.
C) British Bermuda.
D) Canada.
E) French-controlled Mexico.

Question 12

A victory at Antietam probably would have won Confederate independence because

A) the Union armies were already heavily demoralized.
B) France and Britain were on the verge of recognizing the Confederate government.
C) the Republicans would have lost the subsequent congressional elections.
D) Lincoln would have been unable to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
E) the Border States would have joined the Confederacy.

Question 13

The two major battles of the Civil War fought on Union soil were

A) Shiloh and Chancellorsville.
B) Bull Run and Vicksburg.
C) Gettysburg and Antietam.
D) Peninsula Campaign and Fredericksburg.
E) Fort Donelson and Lookout Mountain.

Question 14

At the beginning of the Civil War, President Abraham Lincoln favored

A) postponing military action as long as possible.
B) inciting a slave rebellion.
C) long-term enlistments for Union soldiers.
D) quick military action to show the folly of secession.
E) seizing control of the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers.

Question 15

The South's victory at Bull Run in 1861

A) created a dangerous Confederate overconfidence of victory.
B) was dismissed by the North as merely a tactical defeat.
C) caused deep shock at the severe loss of Confederate soldiers.
D) paved the way for an invasion of Washington, D.C.
E) forced Lincoln to flee Washington.

Question 16

The Battle of Antietam was particularly critical because it

A) inflated an already dangerous overconfidence among Southerners.
B) ended Lee's plan of invading the North.
C) delayed Lincoln's plan to announce the Emancipation Proclamation.
D) ensured the reelection of President Lincoln.
E) prevented intervention by Britain and France on behalf of the Confederacy.

Question 17

As a result of the Confederate victory in the Peninsula Campaign,

A) Robert E. Lee was named to command the entire Southern army.
B) the Confederacy adopted an essentially defensive strategy.
C) Lincoln delayed his issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation.
D) the Union turned to a strategy of total war.
E) Lincoln abandoned the war in the West.

Question 18

In invading Maryland, one of Lee's key objectives was to

A) show northerners how polished and well-equipped the Confederate army was.
B) capture or destroy Union arsenals and railroad lines.
C) destroy McClellan's army.
D) capture Lincoln and his Cabinet.
E) inspire the Border States to rise up and join the Confederacy.

Question 19

Arrange the following in chronological order: (A) the Battle of Bull Run, (B) the Battle of Gettysburg, (C) Lee's surrender at Appomattox, (D) the Battle of Antietam.

A) B, C, A, D
B) D, B, C, A
C) C, A, D, B
D) A, B, D, C
E) A, D, B, C

Question 20

The final Union war strategy included all the following components except

A) guerrilla warfare.
B) a naval blockade.
C) undermining the Confederate economy.
D) seizing control of the Mississippi River.
E) capturing Richmond.

Question 21

African Americans who fought for the Union Army in the Civil War

A) carried out reprisals against captured slaveowners.
B) served mainly in military support units.
C) served bravely and suffered extremely heavy casualties.
D) accounted for less than 1 percent of total Union enlistments.
E) refused to serve under white officers.

Question 22

In the l864 election, the Democratic party nominated ____ to oppose Lincoln's reelection.

A) George McClellan
B) Stephen A. Douglas
C) Andrew Johnson
D) Clement C. Vallandigham
E) Horace Greeley

Question 23

When it was issued in 1863, the Emancipation Proclamation declared free only those slaves in

A) the Border States.
B) conquered areas already under control of the Union army.
C) the western territories not yet admitted to statehood.
D) areas under control of the Confederate government.
E) areas controlled by the Union army.

Question 24

The Battle of Gettysburg was especially significant because

A) Lee's army was effectively shattered.
B) it guaranteed Lincoln's re-election in 1864.
C) Philadelphia and New York were safe from attack.
D) Lee's military genius and right-hand man, Stonewall Jackson, was killed.
E) Union victory meant that the Southern military cause was doomed.

Question 25

Robert E. Lee decided to invade the North through Pennsylvania in order to

A) strengthen the Northern peace movement and encourage foreign intervention.
B) force the Union to abandon its blockade of the South.
C) outflank the Army of the Potomac and attack it from the rear.
D) stir northern draft resisters to rise in revolt.
E) seize Philadelphia and Pittsburgh.

Question 26

All slavery was legally abolished in the United States by the

A) "Confiscation Acts."
B) surrender terms of Robert E. Lee to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox.
C) Emancipation Proclamation.
D) statutes of the individual states.
E) Thirteenth Amendment to the Constitution.

Question 27

Clement L. Vallandigham, a Southern sympathizer and vocal opponent of the war, was the recognized leader of the

A) Carpetbaggers.
B) War Democrats.
C) Copperheads.
D) Doughfaces.
E) Butternuts.

Question 28

The assassination of Abraham Lincoln

A) was a calamity for the South.
B) brought a last wave of hope for Confederate independence.
C) brought the antisouthern Johnson into the White House.
D) saved him from possible impeachment.
E) was cheered by his enemies in the North.

Question 29

The Confederacy enlisted slaves into their army

A) only in the last month of the Civil War.
B) after the defeat at Gettysburg.
C) as a response to the Emancipation Proclamation.
D) to help in the attack on Gettysburg.
E) after some slaves declared that the Confederate cause was just.

Question 30

The Civil War was a major ideological victory for

A) racism.
B) individualism.
C) civil liberties.
D) states' rights.
E) democracy.

Question 31

As a theorist of warfare, General William T. Sherman was

A) a master of the quick, surprising attack.
B) careful to avoid "collateral damage" to civilian lives and property.
C) a believer in siege warfare.
D) insistent on maintaining strict military discipline among his troops.
E) a pioneer of the strategy of total warfare aimed at destroying civilian morale.

Question 32

All of the following occurred as a result of the Emancipation Proclamation except

A) mounting opposition in the North to an "abolition war."
B) sharp increases in Union desertions.
C) heavy congressional defeats for Lincoln's administration.
D) growing upper-class European support for the Union.
E) complaints from abolitionists that it did not go far enough.

Question 33

The Emancipation Proclamation had the effect of

A) inspiring new enlistments in the Union army.
B) strengthening the moral cause and diplomatic position of the Union.
C) increasing popular support for the Republicans in the 1862 election.
D) quieting public opposition to Lincoln's war policies.
E) undermining Confederate morale.

Question 34

In the election of 1864, the Republicans joined with the prowar Democrats and founded the ____ party.

A) Federal
B) Liberty
C) Union
D) National
E) Progressive

Question 35

The Union victory at Vicksburg was of major importance because

A) it reopened the Mississippi River to Northern trade.
B) coupled with the victory at Gettysburg, foreign help for the Confederacy was irretrievably lost.
C) it helped to quell Northern peace agitation.
D) it cut off the supply of cattle and other goods from Texas and Louisiana to the main Confederate forces.
E) all of these.

Question 36

During the Civil War

A) blacks were enlisted by the Union army only after the Emancipation Proclamation was issued.
B) the South refused to use slave labor for military purposes.
C) blacks served in the American military for the first time.
D) about one out of every four Union troops was black.
E) captured black soldiers were treated well by Confederates.

Question 37

In the 1864 election, Abraham Lincoln's new running mate was

A) Salmon P. Chase.
B) Hannibal Hamlin.
C) William Tecumseh Sherman.
D) Stephen A. Douglas.
E) Andrew Johnson.

Question 38

General Ulysses S. Grant's basic strategy in the Civil War involved

A) using long-range artillery assaults.
B) striking tactically from the flanks.
C) assailing the enemy's armies simultaneously and directly.
D) destroying the enemy's economy and undermining civilian morale.
E) surrounding enemy armies for a long siege.

Question 39

The group in the North most dangerous to the Union cause was the

A) Northern Democrats.
B) volunteers for the Confederate army.
C) Northern War Democrats.
D) Union Party.
E) African Americans.

Question 40

The Union army's success in capturing ____ was probably critical to Lincoln's reelection in 1864.

A) Gettysburg and Harrisburg
B) Richmond and Appomattox
C) Vicksburg and Port Hudson
D) Charleston and Columbia, South Carolina
E) Mobile and Atlanta

Question 41

Lincoln's victory in the election of 1864 was aided by

A) Union military victories.
B) Confederate efforts to help McClellan.
C) backing from Union soldiers.
D) solid support for the war in the Midwest.
E) his peace feelers to the Confederacy.

Question 42

The Civil War resulted in which of the following?

A) expanded federal powers of taxation
B) the end of nullification and secession
C) the creation of the first federal social welfare agency
D) the end of slavery
E) all of these

Question 43

Among the casualties of the Civil War were

A) black slavery.
B) presidential power.
C) extreme states' rights.
D) democratic ideals.
E) over a million men dead or seriously wounded.