Deck 13: The Meaning of Freedom: The Failure of Reconstruction

Question 1

How did class and social status divide blacks during Reconstruction?

A) Leaders who had been slaves were often worried about land and labor issues.
B) Leaders who had been free were often worried about civil rights issues.
C) Leaders who were former slaves and those who were free could not agree on strategy.
D) Leaders were completely united about how to deal with education during Reconstruction.

Answer 1

Leaders who were former slaves and those who were free could not agree on strategy.

Question 2

What occupations are depicted in the drawing of black male voters that appears in Chapter 13?

A) farmer, businessman, soldier
B) slave owner, factory worker, sailor
C) ship captain, seamstress, nurse
D) homemaker, clown, policeman

Answer 2

farmer, businessman, soldier

Question 3

What was the first opportunity for many black men to participate in politics in the South?

A) Black men did not have the opportunity to participate in politics in the South.
B) Their first opportunity was at the constitutional conventions during Reconstruction.
C) They participated in politics during the presidential election of 1872.
D) During the elections for state senate seats, many blacks ran for office.

Answer 3

Their first opportunity was at the constitutional conventions during Reconstruction.

Question 4

Which former Confederate state had the least number of blacks holding office during Reconstruction?

A) Texas
B) South Carolina
C) Tennessee
D) Delaware

Question 5

What happened to the University of South Carolina when black leaders insisted it include black students?

A) White students accepted the blacks and helped them adjust to college life.
B) Most of the white students and faculty left.
C) Whites discriminated against the black students, making life very difficult for them.
D) The governor of South Carolina shut the school down.

Question 6

Which two southern states did not allow black men to vote in 1868?

A) South Carolina and North Carolina
B) Texas and Arkansas
C) South Carolina and Georgia
D) Mississippi and Virginia

Question 7

How did some black legislators try to gain land for blacks?

A) They forced large property holders to give land to the state so that blacks could have it.
B) They taxed large landowners at high rates so that they would have to sell some of their land.
C) They never felt they had enough power to think about giving blacks land.
D) They advocated violence as a way to gain land during Reconstruction.

Question 8

What was the impact of the attempt by some black legislators to regulate wages for black workers?

A) Regulation had an enormous effect; blacks were able to make enough money to survive for a short time.
B) It had no effect at all, generally, because Democrats were able to get the laws repealed very quickly.
C) Wage regulation at this time was the beginning of the minimum wage laws we have now.
D) It had very little impact because most Republicans did not believe that the state had the right to regulate wages or prices.

Question 9

What was the highest state office to which a black man was elected in the South during Reconstruction?

A) governor
B) state senator
C) lieutenant governor
D) Blacks were not elected to any state offices during Reconstruction.

Question 10

How did black leaders feel about segregation in American society?

A) They thought that it was merely a passing phase.
B) They thought that it was acceptable, as long as they made other political gains.
C) They found it unacceptable and fought it through lawsuits and protests.
D) They ignored segregation entirely and went about their lives as before the war.

Question 11

Why were many of the delegates to the constitutional conventions in 1867 and 1868 Republicans?

A) The Republican Party was well liked and accepted among southerners.
B) White Democrats boycotted the elections to protest Congress's Reconstruction plan and the effort to give blacks the vote.
C) The Republicans bribed blacks to support them, thereby gaining the upper hand at the conventions.
D) President Johnson issued an executive order stating that Republicans had to be a certain percentage of the delegates attending the conventions.

Question 12

Southern whites who aligned with the Republican Party in the South were called which of the following names by southern Democrats?

A)Klansmen
B)carpetbaggers
C) scalawags
D) secessionists

Question 13

What is true about the constitutions developed by the Republican-dominated conventions?

A) They allowed all blacks to vote.
B) They did not disfranchise huge numbers of former Confederates.
C) They generally provided few guarantees to blacks.
D) They gave the Ku Klux Klan a prominent role as an organization.

Question 14

Which of the following statements is true about black officeholders during Reconstruction?

A) They were always well qualified for their offices.
B) A large majority had attended college.
C) Some had been free before the war; some had been slaves.
D) Farmers and workers were poorly represented.

Question 15

Why were black political leaders unsuccessful in achieving their goals?

A) They were unskilled in politics.
B) They were generally uneducated, lower-class men.
C) They faced opposition from Democrats and white Republicans.
D) They attempted to gain support from European interests.

Question 16

Which former Confederate state had the most blacks holding office during Reconstruction?

A) South Carolina
B) Alabama
C) Virginia
D) Texas

Question 17

What was the purpose of "stay laws"?

A) to force blacks to stay in one place, rather than migrate elsewhere
B) to assist blacks by prohibiting state authorities from taking property
C) to reduce black political power in the state of Tennessee
D) to expand the prison system of the South

Question 18

What industry or business was a main source of interest in the South during Reconstruction?

A) railroads
B) the new chemical industry
C) furniture and construction companies
D) tobacco industry

Question 19

What was a major problem faced by Republicans in establishing schools during Reconstruction?

A) White parents were overeager to place their children in integrated schools.
B) Many states in the South provided generous funding to control the schools.
C) Some people-blacks and whites-opposed compulsory education laws.
D) Northerners were willing to give generous funding to black schools if the South did not.

Question 20

Northern whites who migrated to the South were called which of the following names by southern Democrats?

A) scalawags
B) freedmen
C) carpetbaggers
D) miners

Question 21

How did Congress react to southern attempts to stop blacks from using political power?

A) They passed the Sixteenth Amendment.
B) They passed the Fifteenth Amendment.
C) They did very little because Congress was tired of dealing with the South's misbehavior.
D) Congress responded by expelling southern congressmen and senators.

Question 22

Why did local law enforcement fail to effectively prosecute the Klan?

A) Because no terrorist groups had existed before, there were no laws to deal with them.
B) Local law enforcement or white troops often sided with the Klan against blacks.
C) There were only a small number of Klansmen, and they remained hidden from prosecution.
D) The Klan's actions were almost invisible because no one reported news of the terrorism.

Question 23

Why did northerners begin to lose interest in black issues by the mid-1870s?

A) Economic troubles arose, including the serious Panic of 1873.
B) They felt that they had done enough for blacks over the course of Reconstruction.
C) They thought blacks should now be able to take care of their own issues in the South.
D) The Civil War never officially ended which made Reconstructions too expensive.

Question 24

What did white southerners mean when they said they wanted to "redeem" their states?

A) They wanted Republicans to be in power.
B) They wanted to remove all blacks to Africa.
C) They wanted to restore religious feeling and true Christianity to their state.
D) They wanted to remove blacks and Republicans from political office.

Question 25

According to the Voices section regarding "An Appeal for Help against the Klan," what is the central issue impacting the letter writer?

A) the lack of railroad access to southern towns and cotton fields
B) the lack of white Democrats to assist Klan activities in the South
C) the need for aid to protect Democrats and the white community from Klan violence
D) the need for aid to protect Republicans and the black community from Klan violence

Question 26

What is the connection between the Civil Rights Act of 1875 and Reconstruction?

A) The act took place after Reconstruction ended.
B) The act was the first measure to assist southern whites that passed both Houses of Congress during Reconstruction.
C) The act was the last piece of civil rights legislation to assist blacks passed before Reconstruction ended.
D) The act's passage helped to prolong Reconstruction for another twenty years.

Question 27

Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the Civil Rights Act of 1875?

A) It eliminated all discrimination in public places on the basis of race.
B) It was championed by both Republicans and Democrats.
C) It was eventually overturned by the U.S.Supreme Court.
D) Neither house of Congress passed the measure.

Question 28

What is the connection between the Ku Klux Klan and Reconstruction?

A) The Klan played no role during Reconstruction
B) The Klan assisted local African Americans in establishing political and social rights in several southern states.
C) The Klan promoted violence in the interest of southern Democrats who ended Reconstruction.
D) The Klan helped to prolong Reconstruction by volunteering to staff military outposts in rural areas of the South.

Question 29

What is the connection between Frederick Douglass and the Freedmen's Bank?

A) Douglass removed his money from the bank, leading to the bank's collapse by 1874.
B) Douglass served as president and invested his own money in the bank.
C) Douglass refused to have any connections to the bank.
D) Douglass served as the bank's secretary and embezzled funds, collapsing the bank.

Question 30

What was the "shotgun policy"?

A) a policy adopted by African-American leaders in Louisiana to defend themselves against whites
B) a massive campaign of violence against blacks in Mississippi to bring the state back under "civilized" white control
C) a policy frequently adopted in the Reconstruction South, requiring marriage if a woman became pregnant
D) a policy that required the quartering of federal troops in areas that were considered Klan strongholds

Question 31

Which of the following is true about the Enforcement Acts of 1870 and 1871?

A) They made it a misdemeanor crime to interfere with someone's right to vote.
B) They prevented the president from sending in federal troops if necessary.
C) They authorized the president to suspend the writ of habeas corpus if necessary.
D) They were actually not put into effect because of white racism in the South.

Question 32

Which of the following statements is true about the actions of the KKK?

A) It was popular only among poor whites who resented both elite whites and blacks.
B) It frequently helped to eliminate Democratic leadership.
C) It conducted campaigns of violence, murder, and terrorism against blacks.
D) No other organizations with different names had similar goals and tactics in the South.

Question 33

Where was the Ku Klux Klan most powerful in the South?

A) in areas where blacks comprised a large majority of the population
B) in areas where blacks embodied a large minority of the population
C) in areas where blacks were a small minority of the population
D) in all areas of the South

Question 34

Why did the Freedmen's Savings Bank fail?

A) The bank's black board of directors had little direct knowledge of banking policies and practices.
B) The bank had no support from the black community.
C) The stock market at that point was very weak and fluctuated wildly.
D) The white leaders of the bank invested poorly and lost everything in the Panic of 1873.

Question 35

What is the connection between black men and western territorial governments during Reconstruction?

A) no connection existed because no blacks lived in the western territories during the 1870s
B) black men took over these legislatures because they held the majority of seats
C) black men voted in territorial elections
D) black men worked for the governments but could not participate politically

Question 36

What is the connection during Reconstruction between the Ku Klux Klan and the Klan's outfit of hoods made from flour sacks and bed sheets?

A) The sheets hid the identity of the Klansmen from public knowledge.
B) The sheets emphasized the rapid movements of Klan members at night.
C) The sheets were used to warm the bodies of Klansmen who were cold at night.
D) The sheets were used to hide weapons and sacks of food used in raids.

Question 37

What was the relationship between the North and Reconstruction?

A) No connection existed because Reconstruction took place in the South.
B) Congress deferred to southern states during the 1870s on reconstruction policy.
C) Northern whites wanted European nations to guide reconstruction policy.
D) Northern white support was crucial to maintaining reconstruction policy.

Question 38

What is the relationship between the Five Civilized Tribes and African American slavery?

A) These American Indian tribes were removed to Oklahoma to help capture escaped slaves.
B) American Indians from these tribes banned the enslavement of blacks.
C) American Indians from these tribes held blacks as slaves.
D) Blacks held American Indians from these tribes as slaves.

Question 39

What effect did the Enforcement Acts exert on the Klan?

A) The government moved quickly against the Klan, but few of its members were prosecuted severely.
B) None-southern governments laughed at northern attempts to get rid of the Klan.
C) The Enforcement Acts shielded all Klan members from prosecution because they were leaders of the community.
D) The Klan became stronger because of the acts.

Question 40

Why were elected offices in the South bitterly contested by many people?

A) Many were interested in the modest but steady salary politicians obtained.
B) Elected officials in the South wielded tremendous power.
C) Elected officials always rose up in the ranks to higher offices and higher pay.
D) Elected officials were provided with residences and numerous other benefits.

Question 41

The Colfax Massacre is an example of what pattern of violence common during Reconstruction?

A) a poorly-trained but well-armed American Indian mob attacked white defenders
B) a poorly-armed white mob attacked black and white defenders
C) a well-armed white mob attacked black defenders
D) a well-armed black mob attacked white defenders

Question 42

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 was passed in part as a memorial to President Jefferson Davis of the Confederacy.

Question 43

What is true about the end of Reconstruction?

A) Whites learned that intimidation and violence would not reduce the amount of black voting.
B) Republicans regained control of southern legislatures.
C) It left few lasting benefits for blacks.
D) The high level of violence completely ended.

Question 44

How do blacks behave in the image of Robert Brown Elliott's 1874 speech before Congress that appears in Chapter 13?

A) as rude and boisterous people trying to take over Congress
B) as meek and cowardly people facing strong white opposition
C) as indifferent to the political fate awaiting them
D) as active participants in the political proceedings

Question 45

Who became president of the United States as a result of the Compromise of 1877?

A) Andrew Johnson
B) Ulysses S.Grant
C) Samuel J.Tilden
D) Rutherford B.Hayes

Question 46

How did the outcome of Mississippi's "shotgun policy" differ from South Carolina's policy?

A) Blacks successfully defeated both measures in political referendums.
B) President Grant sent federal troops to South Carolina but not to Mississippi.
C) South Carolina's shotgun law was never enforced, and blacks were allowed to peacefully assemble and demonstrate against segregation.
D) The policy declined in Mississippi but increased in South Carolina over time.

Question 47

Although the Freedmen's Bank had many white employees, its board of directors consisted only of black men.

Question 48

The number of blacks elected to office in the former Confederate states during Reconstruction generally depended on constitutional ___________.

Question 49

By the mid-1870s,less discussion took place in Congress about political corruption,patronage,and monetary policy than about rights for black people or the future of the South.

Question 50

In 1877 as part of a compromise with the Democratic Party,President Hayes withdrew the last federal troops from the South.

Question 51

What is the connection between the Voices section on black leaders and the Civil Rights Act and the main themes of the textbook chapter?

A) The letter reflects the desire of black leaders for segregated social institutions.
B) The letter reflects the desire of southern blacks to join the Democratic Party.
C) The letter reflects the desire of black leaders for stronger civil rights laws.
D) The letter reflects the desire of black leaders for more prisons.

Question 52

Outnumbered and outgunned, black people in most areas did not retaliate against the Klan, and the Klan was rarely active in places where black people were prepared to defend themselves.

Question 53

As Reconstruction began,Democrats demanded "redemption"-a word with biblical and spiritual overtones,and wanted southern states restored to conservative,white political control.

Question 54

Black leaders in the state legislature compelled the University of South Carolina, which had been all white, to admit black students and hire black faculty, but many of the white students and faculty left, and several black politicians enrolled in the law and medical programs at the university.

Question 55

Although no state or federal laws required integration,public schools during and after Reconstruction in the South were invariably integrated.

Question 56

Which three states remained unredeemed by 1876?

A) Florida, Georgia, and Alabama
B) Alabama, Mississippi, and South Carolina
C) Mississippi, Tennessee, and Georgia
D) Florida, South Carolina, and Louisiana

Question 57

White violence marred every election in Louisiana from 1868 to 1876.

Question 58

In 1872 Mississippi legislators used the 1862 federal Morrill Land-Grant Act,which provided states with funds for agricultural colleges,to found the first historically black state university: Alcorn A&M College.

Question 59

Political violence in Alabama in 1874 against blacks is symptomatic of what aspect of Reconstruction?

A) the origins of Reconstruction policy
B) the success of Reconstruction policy
C) the secession of the southern states from Union domination
D) the redemption of the southern states from Republican rule

Question 60

What provoked the Hamburg Massacre?

A) an incident between two white men and the black militia of the town
B) the rape of a white woman by a black man
C) several African Americans attempting to vote
D) the theft of a large number of cattle from a prominent white businessman's ranch

Question 61

The concept of __________ __________ defined the meaning or spirit of Reconstruction policies for both blacks and Republican Party leaders in Congress.

Question 62

The Ku Klux Klan Act of 1871 authorized the President of the United States to suspend the legal concept of __________ __________ and jail Americans without cause.

Question 63

What were the Enforcement Acts and how and why were they used?

Question 64

What is the connection between "redemption" and the end of Reconstruction?

Question 65

What types of issues did black Republicans generally promote? How were black Republicans received within the Republican Party?

Question 66

Why did the North begin to lose interest in blacks and the South by the 1870s?

Question 67

Describe the relationship between American Indians and African Americans in the West during the Civil War and Reconstruction.

Question 68

Two Indian tribes,the __________ and the __________,absolutely refused to make concessions to free black people after the Civil War.

Question 69

How is Republicans' domination of southern constitutional conventions reflective of the initial phase of Reconstruction?

Question 70

The concept of social __________ programs expanded under black Republican leadership of southern states during the late 1860s.

Question 71

During Reconstruction in the West,black men served in both houses of the __________ legislature.

Question 72

The Ku Klux Klan was founded in the state of ____________.

Question 73

Republican leaders achieved uneven results in attempting to expand public __________ in the South during Reconstruction.

Question 74

How is the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution an example of Reconstruction legislation?

Question 75

The __________ Massacre is an example of the declining political power of the Republican Party in the South towards the end of Reconstruction.

Question 76

What were the terms of the Civil Rights Act of 1875? Why was it passed?

Question 77

What is the relationship between the Compromise of 1877 and Reconstruction?

Question 78

Why were political offices so hotly contested during Reconstruction? What does this reveal about the nation's political system at that time?

Question 79

The _________ Massacre reflects the growing military power of white Democrats as Reconstruction policies declined in the South during the 1870s.