Deck 6: The Duel for North America

Question 1

Which of the following was not true of French relations with the Indians in New France?

A) Indians were excluded from the fur business.
B) Indian numbers were decimated by diseases and alcohol.
C) French Jesuit missionaries attempted to convert the Indians.
D) Destruction of the beaver violated Indians' beliefs and inflicted ecological damage.
E) the French alliance with the Hurons made the Iroquois their enemies.

Answer 1

Indians were excluded from the fur business.

Question 2

A key reason France needed to control the Ohio Valley was to

A) stop Spain from extending its empire.
B) secure the territory of its Huron Indian allies.
C) stop British and colonial American attacks on its trading posts.
D) link its Canadian holdings with those of the lower Mississippi Valley.
E) expand the area of its fur trade.

Answer 2

link its Canadian holdings with those of the lower Mississippi Valley.

Question 3

France was finally able to join in the scramble for colonies in the New World as a result of the

A) Protestant takeover of the French government.
B) Edict of Nantes that ended the religious wars.
C) accession of Louis XIV to the French throne.
D) St.Bartholomew's Day Massacre.
E) Seven Years' War.

Answer 3

Edict of Nantes that ended the religious wars.

Question 4

The War of Jenkins's Ear resulted in

A) the larger-scale War of the Austrian Succession.
B) British conquest of New France.
C) a British alliance with Spain against France.
D) the colony of Georgia invading and conquering Florida.
E) the French gaining control of Maine and Vermont.

Question 5

The Jesuit priests played a vital role in New France because of their

A) success in winning converts to Catholicism.
B) strong educational system they founded.
C) ability to establish peaceful relations with the Indians.
D) involvement in managing the fur trade.
E) exploration and work as geographers.

Question 6

During Britain's early colonial wars with France, the colonists

A) successfully gained control of the St.Lawrence Valley.
B) often had their military successes bargained away in diplomacy.
C) were forced to bear most of the economic costs of the conflicts.
D) were able to hold off the French without British assistance.
E) were able to prevent Indian raids on their settlements.

Question 7

The War of Jenkins's Ear was

A) fought in European waters.
B) a great victory for Spain.
C) started when Captain Jenkins had his ear cut off by the Spanish.
D) was caused by a dispute over succession to the Spanish throne.
E) a defeat for France.

Question 8

The soldier and explorer whose leadership earned him the title "Father of New France" was

A) Samuel de Champlain.
B) Robert de La Salle.
C) Antoine Cadillac.
D) Pierre Des Moines.
E) Louis de Montcalm

Question 9

Unlike the English colonies in America, in New France

A) there were no popularly elected assemblies.
B) the crown was largely uninterested in colonial expansion.
C) the population grew very rapidly.
D) no valuable resources for exploitation existed.
E) the government encouraged religious dissenters to come to the colonies.

Question 10

Government in New France (Canada) was

A) almost completely autocratic.
B) democratic.
C) similar to that of the English colonies.
D) noted for its trial by jury.
E) free from the king's control.

Question 11

The climactic clash between Britain and France for control of the North American continent sprang from their rivalry for control of

A) the Caribbean islands.
B) the Ohio River Valley.
C) the Mississippi River Valley.
D) the Great Lakes.
E) the St.Lawrence River.

Question 12

The most valuable resource exploited by the colonists of New France was

A) fish.
B) gold.
C) timber.
D) cattle.
E) beavers.

Question 13

The French gained control of Louisiana because they

A) liked its climate.
B) saw New Orleans as a potential center of French culture.
C) could control the mouth of the Mississippi and check the Spanish.
D) hoped to spread Catholicism throughout the Mississippi Valley.
E) saw it as a new center for the fur trade.

Question 14

The early wars between France and Britain in North America were notable for

A) the deployment of professional troops by both sides.
B) avoiding civilian casualties wherever possible.
C) alliance of Indians with the British against the French.
D) involving a substantial amount of guerrilla warfare.
E) all of these.

Question 15

New England colonists were outraged when British diplomats returned ____ to France in 1748.

A) Hudson Bay
B) Acadia
C) Louisbourg
D) Newfoundland
E) Nova Scotia

Question 16

During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the American colonies

A) managed to stay out of European wars.
B) relied totally on the British military for defense.
C) sent soldiers to fight for Britain on the European continent.
D) became involved in every one of the European "world wars."
E) focused their efforts on naval defense of North America.

Question 17

Which of the following is not among the reasons for the slow growth of population in New France?

A) French peasants had little economic incentive to migrate.
B) Religious minorities were not permitted to emigrate.
C) The French government favored its Caribbean, island colonies over New France.
D) The colony was unable to sustain itself economically.
E) The government was almost completely autocratic.

Question 18

The primary economic pursuit of early settlers in New France was

A) farming.
B) fishing.
C) mining.
D) fur trapping.
E) wine vineyards.

Question 19

The coureurs de bois were

A) French soldiers.
B) mixed-race descendants of French and Indians.
C) Jesuit priests.
D) French farmers.
E) French fur trappers.

Question 20

French motives in the New World included the desire to

A) establish agricultural communities to produce profitable staple crops.
B) convert Indians to Protestantism.
C) compete with Spain for an empire in America.
D) provide a place for French religious dissenters to settle.
E) gain control of Britain's North American colonies.

Question 21

The disunity that existed among the thirteen colonies before the French and Indian War can be attributed to

A) vast distances and geographical barriers.
B) boundary disputes.
C) diverse ethnic and religious traditions.
D) the resentment of frontier settlers against aristocratic colonists.
E) all of these.

Question 22

The 1759 Battle of Quebec

A) had little impact on the French and Indian War.
B) was a key turning point in Queen Anne's War.
C) was a dramatic victory for the French.
D) was the last battle of the French and Indian War.
E) ranks as one of the most significant victories in British and American history.

Question 23

At the end of the French and Indian War,

A) colonial militiamen were impressed with the seeming invincibility of the British regulars.
B) British officers roundly praised the skillful fighting ability of colonial troops.
C) British officials were distressed by the reluctance of the colonists to support the common cause wholeheartedly.
D) the colonists lost confidence in their own military capability.
E) American trade with Spain and France was ended.

Question 24

In his first military command in the French and Indian War, George Washington

A) won the Battle of Fort Duquesne.
B) was defeated and forced to surrender Fort Necessity.
C) received strong support from the regular British forces.
D) helped to drive the French out western Pennsylvania.
E) was initially frightened by the realities of battle.

Question 25

The long-range purpose of the Albany Congress in 1754 was to

A) achieve colonial unity and common defense against the French.
B) propose independence of the colonies from Britain.
C) declare war on the Iroquois tribes.
D) prohibit New England and New York from trading with the French West Indies.
E) make a separate peace with France.

Question 26

Acadians were expelled from

A) Florida.
B) Louisiana.
C) France.
D) Nova Scotia.
E) the French West Indies.

Question 27

In the colonial wars before 1754, the American colonists

A) functioned as a unified fighting force.
B) received more support from France than Britain.
C) demonstrated an astonishing lack of unity.
D) had undermined the British more than they fought the French.
E) had tried to maintain friendly relations with the Indians.

Question 28

As a result of the French and Indian War, Great Britain

A) gained control of Louisiana and Mexico.
B) became the dominant power in North America.
C) annexed the island of Cuba.
D) gained exclusive control of the slave trade.
E) drove the French settlers from Quebec to Louisiana.

Question 29

When William Pitt became prime minister during the French and Indian War, he

A) ended Parliament's practice of reimbursing the colonies for their war-related expenditures.
B) ordered a full-scale assault on the French West Indies.
C) turned to a strategy of blockade and slow strangling of the French settlements.
D) focused his military strategy on the capture of Montreal and Quebec.
E) relied on the British aristocracy for his primary political support.

Question 30

In the peace arrangements that ended the French and Indian War,

A) France surrendered all of its territorial claims to North America.
B) Britain handed Florida over to Spain.
C) Spain ceded all of Louisiana, including New Orleans, to Britain.
D) France lost all its valuable sugar islands in the West Indies.
E) the British agreed to remove their fortresses from North America.

Question 31

Benjamin Franklin's plan for colonial home rule was rejected by the individual colonies because

A) it did not provide for the common defense.
B) the British approved it.
C) it did not seem to give enough independence to the colonies.
D) the larger colonies felt that they should have greater representation.
E) it placed too much power in the hands of local governments.

Question 32

The immediate, short-range purpose of the Albany Congress of 1754 was to

A) appeal for more British forces to be sent to North America.
B) keep the Iroquois tribes loyal to the British.
C) prevent the French from attacking American outposts.
D) appoint George Washington to head the colonial militia.
E) attempt to form an alliance with French colonists in Canada.

Question 33

Arrange the following events in chronological order: (A) George Washington surrenders Fort Necessity, (B) General Edward Braddock is defeated near Fort Duquesne, (C) British troops capture Louisbourg in their first significant victory of the French and Indian War, (D) General James Wolfe's army defeats General Montcalm's on the Plains of Abraham.

A) B, A, D, C
B) A, B, C, D
C) C, B, A, D
D) A, C, B, D
E) A, B, D, C

Question 34

France had to give up its vision of a North American New France when

A) the settlers in Quebec demanded independence.
B) farming proved to be unprofitable.
C) King Louis XIV died.
D) it was defeated and driven off the continent in 1763.
E) it could not entice enough settlers to America.

Question 35

As a result of General Braddock's defeat a few miles from Fort Duquesne,

A) the British turned to a naval strategy in the French and Indian War.
B) George Washington was left without a military command.
C) the frontier from Pennsylvania to North Carolina was open to Indian attack.
D) General Braddock was forced to leave the military.
E) the British called off their planned invasion of Canada.

Question 36

For the American colonies, the French and Indian War

A) ended the myth of British invincibility.
B) left them in need of experienced officers.
C) earned them new respect from the British.
D) gave them the opportunity finally to gain control of Mississippi.
E) created a greater reliance on British military protection against the Indians.

Question 37

The French and Indian War was also known in Europe as

A) the War of Jenkins's Ear.
B) the Seven Years' War.
C) the War of Austrian Succession.
D) King William's War.
E) Queen Anne's War.

Question 38

Unlike any of the first three Anglo-French wars, the French and Indian War

A) won territorial concessions from France.
B) united British colonists in strong support of the mother country.
C) was fought initially on the North American continent.
D) found the Indians fighting largely on the British and American side.
E) resulted in a stronger French presence in North America.

Question 39

The British invasion of Canada in 1756 during the French and Indian War

A) resulted in victory for Britain.
B) concentrated on Quebec and Montreal.
C) represented sound strategic planning.
D) ended in defeat.
E) bogged down in bloody guerilla warfare.

Question 40

With the end of the French and Indian War, the disunity, jealousy, and suspicion that had long existed among the American colonies

A) was sharply expanded.
B) began to melt somewhat.
C) finally came to a complete end.
D) resulted in the creation of separate state militias.
E) led the British to impose a restriction on westward movement.

Question 41

The Proclamation of 1763 was issued mainly to

A) prevent the colonists from seizing new western lands.
B) punish the Indians who had participated in Pontiac's war.
C) demonstrate the power of Parliament.
D) provide a more orderly process of westward migration.
E) stabilize British-American relations with the Indians.

Question 42

In a sense, the break between Britain and its North American colonies began with the

A) shots fired at Lexington and Concord in 1775.
B) signing of the Declaration of Independence in 1776.
C) Boston Tea Party in 1773.
D) founding of the Jamestown colony in 1607.
E) fall of Quebec and Montreal in 1759-1760.

Question 43

Chief Pontiac decided to try to drive the British out of the Ohio Valley because

A) the American pioneers were encroaching on their lands.
B) the British had deliberately infected Indians with smallpox.
C) the Proclamation of 1763 harmed the Delawares, Ottawas, and Creeks.
D) the Indians were in a precarious position after the French defeat.
E) the French government had promised to help.

Question 44

Why did the Ohio Valley become the main arena of conflict between the French and British in America?

Question 45

Compare and contrast the reasons for unity and disunity in the American colonies before and after the Seven Years' War.

Question 46

With the defeat of Chief Pontiac and his alliance, the British decided to

A) stabilize the Indian-white border to prevent another eruption.
B) let the colonists assume financial responsibility for defending themselves.
C) remove troops stationed in the colonies.
D) enlist the aid of Quebec's French settlers to halt the Indian menace.
E) send Daniel Boone and his followers into the Kentucky-Tennessee country.

Question 47

Is it correct to speak of an entity called "America" at the beginning of the French and Indian War in 1756? Would the terms "America" and "American identity" be more appropriate in 1763? What explains the difference?

Question 48

In the wake of the French defeat in Montreal in 1760, the French population in Canada

A) decided to adapt to the new flag and masters.
B) vowed to continue its resistance in guerrilla warfare.
C) fled into the Canadian hinterlands.
D) conspired against the British with nearby Indian tribes.
E) continued to preserve their French heritage and still form a strong French minority in Canada today.

Question 49

Compare and contrast the French colonies in North America with their British and Spanish counterparts.Consider, for example, location, timing, economy, political organization, and religious influences.

Question 50

It is sometimes observed that the roots of future wars lie in the results of past wars.In what ways did the French and Indian War help to cause the American Revolutionary War?

Question 51

Following their defeat in 1763, the French

A) vowed to regain Canada.
B) abdicated their imperial ambitions forever.
C) consoled themselves with the hope that Britain would one day lose its American empire.
D) tumbled into revolution.
E) formed an alliance with Spain.

Question 52

Which of the following do you think contributed most to the British victory in the French and Indian War: the leadership of William Pitt, the aid of American colonists, or the skill of the British regulars? Feel free to cite a reason of your own.Justify your choice.

Question 53

With the British and American victory in the French and Indian War,

A) the American colonies grew closer to Britain.
B) Americans felt closer to Spain than to Britain.
C) a new spirit of independence arose as the French threat disappeared.
D) the Indians were prevented from launching attacks against white settlers.
E) the British began to suppress colonial economic gains.

Question 54

In the wake of the Proclamation of 1763

A) American colonists obeyed the law they hated.
B) the western Indians were pacified for a time.
C) relations between the American colonies and the British government improved.
D) Daniel Boone led a rebellion against British rule.
E) many American colonists defied the Proclamation and kept moving west.

Question 55

Write your definition of world war.Then use this definition to argue that the French and Indian War was or was not a world war.

Question 56

The French and Indian War has also been called the "Great War for Empire." Assess the validity of this claim.

Question 57

The Proclamation of 1763

A) was warmly received by American land speculators.
B) removed the Spanish and Indian menace from the colonial frontier.
C) declared war on Chief Pontiac and his fierce warriors.
D) prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains.
E) opened Canada to American settlement.

Question 58

What was the Proclamation of 1763 - how was it viewed by America, and how was it viewed by the British? What caused this difference in perception; which one was more correct?

Question 59

Suppose that the French had won the French and Indian War.What do you think would have been the consequences for the British colonies in America in both the short and long run?