Deck 7: Launching the New Republic, 1788-1800

Question 1

Why did Alexander Hamilton want the federal government to support manufacturing?

A) He believed it would eliminate farming as an important component of the economy.
B) He believed it would create a more diversified and prosperous economy.
C) He believed it would allow the United States to become the world's leading textile producer.
D) He believed it would eliminate the influence of France in the United States.
E) He believed it would increase the federal government powers in relation to the states.

Answer 1

He believed it would create a more diversified and prosperous economy.

Question 2

Beginning in the late 1790s, which of the following events helped to shape the treatment of African Americans?

A) The rise of a widespread abolitionist movement in Virginia
B) The bloody slave revolt on Saint Domingue and the abortive slave insurrection in Virginia
C) The formation of political parties
D) Congress's attempts to abolish slavery
E) All of these choices

Answer 2

The bloody slave revolt on Saint Domingue and the abortive slave insurrection in Virginia

Question 3

What was the controversial issue that gradually united westerners, southerners, and some mid-Atlantic citizens into a political coalition that challenged the Federalists and called for a return to the "true principles" of republicanism?

A) a national economic program whose main beneficiaries seemed to some segments of American society to be eastern "moneyed men" and New Englanders who refused to pay their debts
B) the attempt by George Washington to run for a second term even though he had not delivered on his campaign promises
C) John Adams's statement that he should be addressed as one would address a king
D) a breakdown of law and order on the frontier and the suspicion that the Federalists cared only about protecting their investments in the shipping industry
E) the refusal of federalists in Congress to agree to a balanced-budget amendment to the constitution

Answer 3

a national economic program whose main beneficiaries seemed to some segments of American society to be eastern "moneyed men" and New Englanders who refused to pay their debts

Question 4

Why are the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions so significant to American history?

A) They established the precedent that states had the right to secede from the union.
B) They showed the resolve of Southern states to resist the elimination of slavery.
C) They forced Federalists to recognize the importance of including a bill of rights in the constitution.
D) They made the claim that a state had the right to nullify federal laws it deemed unconstitutional.
E) They asserted that only states could pass laws related to settlement.

Question 5

When Alexander Hamilton argued that Congress had the constitutional authority to establish a national bank, what was the basis of his assertion?

A) Article 1, section 8 of the Constitution explicitly states that Congress has the authority to regulate banks.
B) The Ninth Amendment to the Constitution states any powers not contained in the Constitution are reserved to Congress.
C) The Constitution gives Congress the authority to do whatever is "necessary and proper" to perform its duties.
D) Article 2, section 3 of the Constitution allows the president as the chief executive of the country to establish any institution he sees fit.
E) The Tenth Amendment states that Congress can assume powers if those powers are implied in the Constitution.

Question 6

Which of the following issues was not a reason why the 1800 presidential election was so significant?

A) It was the first American election where the political party controlling the presidency changed.
B) The House of Representatives decided who the president would be.
C) George Washington set the precedent of not running for a third term as president.
D) Thomas Jefferson was elected to the first of his two terms as president.
E) Only when the election had been settled did it seem certain that the United States would endure.

Question 7

In his farewell address, George Washington advised that the United States should

A) build upon its friendly relations with France.
B) maintain a close alliance with Great Britain.
C) avoid foreign entanglements.
D) act as an impartial arbitrator in international disputes.
E) maintain a large standing army.

Question 8

Which of the following did the Bill of Rights not do?

A) It guaranteed personal liberties such as public debate, religious beliefs, and procedures for a fair trial.
B) It specified explicit limits on federal power.
C) It reserved to the people or the states powers not allocated to the federal government under the Constitution.
D) It protected citizens from the tyranny of standing armies.
E) It prohibited cruel and unusual punishments.

Question 9

Which of the following is an accurate description of George Washington's style of presidential leadership?

A) He deferred to Congress on domestic issues, spoke publicly only on foreign relations and military affairs, and sought a wide range of opinions.
B) He took a prominent role in guiding national opinion, saw himself as a creator of the legislative agenda, and fought bitterly with Congress over his initial domestic program.
C) He surrounded himself with loyal Federalists, deferred to Alexander Hamilton on all issues, and preferred a merely ceremonial role in national affairs.
D) He barnstormed the country giving as many as four speeches in one day, in order to generate support for his program.
E) He enjoyed the trappings of great power, strove to enhance the authority of the presidency, and conferred only with his vice president on most issues.

Question 10

At the end of the 18th century, farm women applied new technologies to butter production, while many farmers built barns to shelter cows. Why?

A) There was less acreage available for growing hay.
B) European competition was forcing many small farms out of business.
C) Men and women wanted to be able to work in separate buildings.
D) There was a desire to increase dairy production to meet growing urban demand.
E) A new movement for the humane treatment of animals was sweeping the East Coast.

Question 11

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the nature of "work" in the United States before the nineteenth century?

A) Nearly everyone worked at what they considered their "home."
B) Because the "service sector" of the economy had not yet developed, nearly everyone worked in factories.
C) Most unmarried daughters worked in department stores in order to supplement family income.
D) Unmarried males tended to be unemployed and viewed with suspicion.
E) Most workers exchanged their work for food and housing.

Question 12

Who took the lead in establishing the Washington administration's domestic priorities?

A) Alexander Hamilton
B) George Washington
C) John Marshall
D) Thomas Jefferson
E) John Adams

Question 13

What did Nancy Ward advocate in the late 1780s?

A) She argued that women deserved the right to vote.
B) She supported the publication of birth control information.
C) She asserted that the Cherokee should seek peace with the United States.
D) She challenged the right of husbands to file for divorce but not women.
E) She claimed child labor should be stopped at once.

Question 14

Why did the southern states vote for Hamilton's plan to assume state debts?

A) Most of them had been unable to pay off their debts and stood to gain from federal assumption of that debt.
B) Most southern senators and congressmen had speculated in state bonds and would make large profits if they were repaid in full by the federal government.
C) Southerners believed that a stronger union would benefit the South more than other sections of the nation.
D) Northern representatives agreed to transfer the federal capital from Philadelphia to a location on the Potomac River in Virginia.
E) Most of them had no bonds outstanding and so stood to neither lose nor gain by the proposal.

Question 15

In the late eighteenth century, what did many Americans think about political parties?

A) Political parties were necessary instruments for identifying and mobilizing public opinion.
B) Political parties were factions and inherently corrupt.
C) Political parties could function as the practical embodiment of different social classes and regions.
D) Political parties would provide stability and a sense of tradition to a system that otherwise would unravel at the seams.
E) Political parties were an essential part of the great tradition of English democracy to which Americans were heirs.

Question 16

Which of the following departments was not part of George Washington's first cabinet?

A) State Department
B) Treasury Department
C) War Department
D) Commerce Department
E) Justice Department

Question 17

What basic belief did Hamilton's domestic program reflect?

A) The survival of the federal government depended on the republican virtues of the common people.
B) The federal and executive authority of the national government had to be strengthened.
C) America's best opportunity for economic survival lay in its traditional source of strength, agriculture.
D) The nation would be economically strong if it forged close trading ties with both Britain and France.
E) The states needed to reassert power over the national government, because individual self-sacrifice and virtue were most effective on the local level.

Question 18

What was the strongest argument against Hamilton's Bank of the United States?

A) The Bank of England had undermined the integrity of the British government, and a national bank would undermine the integrity of the American government.
B) The bank would accumulate immense wealth.
C) The Constitution had given Congress no specific authorization to issue charters of incorporation.
D) The nation should avoid commercial activity and should remain true to its agrarian roots.
E) Smaller state banks could do the job more efficiently.

Question 19

Which issue led to the development of political coalitions during Washington's first term?

A) Hamilton's financial program
B) The creation of the federal court system
C) Interference with American shipping by France and Britain
D) Washington's successor
E) The disputed election of 1792

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of the growing complexity of American society after independence?

A) There was a shift away from small-scale subsistence farming.
B) Many young men and young couples migrated westward.
C) Slavery experienced a renewal as a viable economic system.
D) Free blacks began to suffer an erosion of the political gains made after 1776.
E) All of these choices

Question 21

Which of the following statements concerning the Battle of Fallen Timbers is not true?

A) Tecumseh commanded the Shawnee Indians in the battle.
B) General "Mad Anthony" Wayne commanded the American forces in the battle.
C) Indian morale plummeted after the battle.
D) Great Britain refused to help the Indians in the battle.
E) American forces routed the Shawnee.

Question 22

What was the XYZ affair?

A) It was an incident where a British ship attacked and American naval vessel without warning.
B) It was an effort by the French to get the United States to pay a bribe before they would negotiate.
C) It was the first time that the United States tried to publish its own English dictionary.
D) It was an attempt by Thomas Jefferson to persuade undecided electors to vote for him.
E) It was the first scandal in American presidential history when George Washington was caught cheating on his income taxes.

Question 23

Where did the first significant internal challenge to the authority of the new federal government occur?

A) Virginia
B) Pennsylvania
C) Massachusetts
D) Louisiana
E) Vermont

Question 24

Which of the following accurately describes American opinion regarding the Anglo-French struggle after the French Revolution?

A) New Englanders favored Britain because they believed that good relations with the British were essential to the region's prosperity.
B) Southerners favored Britain because they believed that the British offered the best potential market for southern agricultural exports.
C) Almost all Americans applauded the struggle because they hoped that the two nations would knock each other out and leave the United States as the premier nation in the Atlantic world.
D) New Englanders favored France because of the alliance signed during the American Revolution and because of their desire to see the French humiliate King George III.
E) New Englanders, southerners, and most residents of the Middle Atlantic states believed that the Washington administration's declaration of American neutrality was the only way to ensure the survival of their young republic.

Question 25

MAP QUESTIONS
Instructions: Choose the letter on the accompanying map of the eastern United States that correctly identifies each of the following:

New Orleans

Question 26

What did the Treaty of Greenville do?

A) It opened most of modern-day Ohio to white settlement and ended Indian hostilities there.
B) It opened New Orleans to American shippers and guaranteed American rights to use the Mississippi River.
C) It reopened the British West Indies to American commerce.
D) It reopened French possessions to American trade.
E) It reestablished cordial Anglo-American relations.

Question 27

How did the United States government respond to France's declaration of war on Britain in 1793?

A) It declared war against France.
B) It proclaimed neutrality.
C) It reaffirmed the 1778 Franco-American alliance.
D) It seized the western forts occupied by Britain.
E) It declared war against Britain.

Question 28

What role did newspapers play in American politics during the mid- and late 1790s?

A) They declined in circulation and became mainly the means for the elite to communicate among themselves.
B) They expanded in number and circulation and through their carefully reasoned articles and editorials helped to raise the quality of public discussion.
C) They declined dramatically in influence because both Republicans and Federalists turned against their incessant fear-mongering and character assassination.
D) They expanded in circulation but declined in influence because their focus tended to be on local society news and the latest entertainment gossip.
E) They expanded in number and circulation through fear mongering and character assassination, and were often libelous and irresponsible.

Question 29

How did the United States gain unrestricted access to the Mississippi River and New Orleans?

A) by sending 3,000 regulars and Kentucky militiamen across the river into Spanish territory.
B) by signing an alliance with France against Spain.
C) by purchasing New Orleans from the French.
D) by blockading the entrance to the Mississippi and starved the city into submission.
E) by negotiating the Pinckney Treaty with Spain.

Question 30

Which of the following was one of the accomplishments of Jay's Treaty?

A) It ended the British practice of impressment.
B) It arranged for withdrawal of British troops from American soil.
C) It reopened the British West Indies trade to American ships.
D) It won recognition of the thirty-first parallel as the United States' southern boundary.
E) It settled the issue of compensation for slaves taken during the Revolution.

Question 31

What did the Whiskey Rebellion demonstrate?

A) that Americans faced a serious challenge from alcoholism.
B) that the young government had still not become strong enough to enforce its laws.
C) that dissent could be expressed only through the constitutional system of laws and elections, not through armed rebellion.
D) that sectionalism was stronger than nationalism.
E) that the new nation was about to pull itself apart.

Question 32

Which of the following was a British practice that damaged Anglo-American relations during the Washington administration?

A) It confiscated foreign ships trading with the French Caribbean islands.
B) It forced American sailors to serve in the British navy.
C) It built new forts on American soil.
D) Canada's royal governor gave an inflammatory speech denying U.S. claims north of the Ohio River.
E) All of these choices

Question 33

The National Gazette established to spread the views of the opponents of

A) Thomas Jefferson
B) Alexander Hamilton.
C) Henry Knox.
D) Samuel Adams.
E) Aaron Burr.

Question 34

Who won the 1796 presidential election?

A) Aaron Burr.
B) George Clinton
C) Thomas Jefferson
D) John Adams
E) Alexander Hamilton

Question 35

MAP QUESTIONS
Instructions: Choose the letter on the accompanying map of the eastern United States that correctly identifies each of the following:

Kentucky

Question 36

Who did the United States fight in the Quasi-War?

A) Spain
B) Great Britain
C) France
D) Russia
E) Portugal

Question 37

MAP QUESTIONS
Instructions: Choose the letter on the accompanying map of the eastern United States that correctly identifies each of the following:

Ohio River

Question 38

What did the Sedition Act do?

A) It forbade any individual to oppose any law of the United States.
B) It made it illegal to speak, write, or print any statement about the president that would put him into disrepute.
C) It was designed to be in effect for only three years.
D) It defined criminal activity so broadly that it blurred any real distinction between sedition and legitimate political discussion.
E) All of these choices

Question 39

Who was Citizen Genet?

A) He was one of the French representatives who had demanded a bribe in the XYZ Affair.
B) He was the leader of a slave uprising on Saint Domingue in 1791.
C) He was the French official to the United States who was instructed to enlist American mercenaries to conquer Spanish territories and attack British shipping.
D) He was the leader of the Creek Indians who signed a peace treaty with the United States permitting whites to occupy lands in the Georgia piedmont.
E) He was the English spy who called John Adams "His Majestic Fatness."

Question 40

Eli Whitney is significant because he invented

A) the cotton gin.
B) the spinning wheel.
C) the iron-tipped plow.
D) the repeating rifle.
E) the steam engine.

Question 41

MAP QUESTIONS
Instructions: Choose the letter on the accompanying map of the eastern United States that correctly identifies each of the following:

Western Pennsylvania

Question 42

MAP QUESTIONS
Instructions: Choose the letter on the accompanying map of the eastern United States that correctly identifies each of the following:

Potomac River

Question 43

MAP QUESTIONS
Instructions: Choose the letter on the accompanying map of the eastern United States that correctly identifies each of the following:

Pawtucket, Rhode Island

Question 44

MAP QUESTIONS
Instructions: Choose the letter on the accompanying map of the eastern United States that correctly identifies each of the following:

Vermont

Question 45

MAP QUESTIONS
Instructions: Choose the letter on the accompanying map of the eastern United States that correctly identifies each of the following:

Appalachian Mountains