Deck 33: Advanced Industrial Society

Question 1

Where did the most dramatic changes in European population occur during the 19th century?

A) In the suburbs.
B) In urban areas.
C) In coastal villages.
D) Near river valleys.
E) In farming areas.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The growth of labor unions and the implementation of better working conditions in England owed a debt of gratitude to which of the following?

A) The threat of Marxism that made Parliament amend laws and individual businessmen show more concern for their workers.
B) The example set by labor unions and industrial managerial practices known to be in place in the United States.
C) The urbanization and education of more people in various countries, of which England wanted to prove itself most liberal.
D) Those individuals who, risking their jobs and in some cases their lives, were willing to work toward gaining legal acceptance of labor unions.
E) The Chartist movement in England, which who initiate long-term change both in and outside of Parliament.

Answer 2

E

Question 3

In the nineteenth century, which global region was clearly the dominant factor in world political and military developments?

A) The West, as in Western Europe and the United States.
B) The area of Africa below the Sahara Desert.
C) The major Asian countries like China and Japan.
D) South America, especially the areas around the Amazon River.
E) The Astralasian island chains that provide fish and rice.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

In the 1870s a dramatic change in technology allowed which of the following energy sources to become cheap and efficient?

A) Falling water.
B) Solar power.
C) Electricity.
D) Harnessed animals.
E) Human labor.

Question 5

The main reason for the overall failure of the 1848 revolts was

A) the use of the military to crush the revolts.
B) the disapproval of church authorities.
C) the unconcern of many people living in the countryside.
D) national antagonisms.
E) the split between liberal leaders and urban workers.

Question 6

According to Marx, what was the expectation for the future of the revolt of the proletariat?

A) The revolution of the proletariat was avoidable if the wealthy would negotiate in good faith.
B) It was desirable, because only through their own efforts and struggles would the proletariat appreciate the fruits of their labors.
C) Marx thought the revolution was imminent, and likely to start at any moment, in any country.
D) The revolt was hopeless, but that did not mean that they could stop trying to make things better.
E) The proletariat revolution was inevitable, and he expected that it might well occur while he was alive.

Question 7

Joint stock companies of the late 19th century brought about, most significantly,

A) labor participation in management.
B) separation of ownership and management.
C) short-term borrowing for expansion.
D) hospitalization insurance benefits.
E) a new need for business insurance.

Question 8

Which of the following was true of early unionism?

A) All unions began as socialist organizations.
B) Marxist revolutionary socialists became leaders of the labor movement in all European countries.
C) American unions were never heavily influenced by Marxism.
D) By World War II, relations between unions and management had improved somewhat.
E) Employers generally accepted the inevitability of union development.

Question 9

Which of the following would have been said by a follower of Karl Marx?

A) "Capitalists will naturally strive to keep their workers happy."
B) "Anarchy is the only solution to Europe's political problems."
C) "The plight of working class will cause a revolution."
D) "Only communists can guarantee Europe peace."
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 10

Which major country was the first to legalize labor unions in the 1870s?

A) England
B) France
C) Germany
D) Portugal
E) The United States

Question 11

By 1850 other European countries had reduced Great Britain's big lead in industrial production.What were some of those countries?

A) England, The Netherlands, and Italy.
B) Belgium, France, and Germany.
C) Italy, Yugoslavia, and Greece.
D) Austria, Russia, and Spain.
E) Portugal, Spain, and Switzerland.

Question 12

In 1851 in London, the world's first international trade fair was held to promote what major philosophy of English liberals?

A) Formation of corporations to benefit all.
B) Peace through work and free trade.
C) Free money and healthcare for all.
D) Secularization of all aspects of society.
E) Organization of labor into union monopolies.

Question 13

A complete rejection of the state and its powers is called

A) anarchism.
B) syndicalism.
C) communism.
D) socialism.
E) syncretism.

Question 14

The thing that socialists throughout Europe shared by the end of the 19th century was

A) the push for unionization.
B) an attempt to force businesses to share profits with their workers.
C) their demand for social and economic changes that would restructure the existing social-economic sphere.
D) a hatred of all communists.
E) the desire to see children removed from the workforce.

Question 15

Marx predicted that the abuses of capitalism would lead to

A) anarchism.
B) communism.
C) a new caste system.
D) a rejection of industrialization.
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 16

Which demographic group composed most of the new voters at the end of the 19th century?

A) Women.
B) The wealthy.
C) Middle class men.
D) Aristocrats.
E) The elderly.

Question 17

The one thing that people seemed to fear most about unionization was that

A) ordinary working-class people would have more power than ever before, and most had little, if any, education.
B) Marxism had taken hold in several countries and were threatening to take control of labor unions.
C) the lower class working people would become convinced that they were the social equals of property holders and aristocrats.
D) they would come under communist domination.
E) union members would become violent if their demands were not met.

Question 18

Of these late 19th century developments, the one which most improved the daily lives of the average population was

A) the internal combustion engine.
B) the application of electrical power.
C) the steam locomotive.
D) the opening of the Suez Canal.
E) the transcontinental railroad in America.

Question 19

Which of the following is true of European life during the Second Industrial Revolution?

A) Western European family size decreased.
B) There was a rise in the standard of living east into Russia.
C) Mortality rates were high.
D) All of the options are correct.
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 20

During the Second Industrial Revolution, the split between middle-class liberals and the workers occurred in part because

A) the liberals sought to improve both working conditions and the social aspect of society.
B) the workers moved in a revolutionary direction that frightened the liberals.
C) the conservatives continued to court the liberals, hoping to make a strong alliance against the workers.
D) the lives of working-class liberals improved so much that they no longer wanted to foment revolution.
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 21

During the ten-year period just prior to World War I, about how many people emigrated from Europe to other countries?

A) 6 million
B) 20 million
C) 500,000
D) 12 million
E) 1 million

Question 22

Edward Bernstein was one of the earliest theorists to predict

A) the Social Democratic party in Germany would take control of the government legally.
B) Marx would revise his theories before he died.
C) all countries would soon become Socialist states.
D) capitalism would prevail in most European countries.
E) the Social Democratic party would be outlawed throughout Europe.

Question 23

Marx insisted that his brand of socialism differed from utopian socialism in that it was ____________________.

Question 24

The underlying motives of the majority of the 60 million Europeans who emigrated during the 19th century appear to have been

A) economic.
B) political.
C) religious.
D) ethnic.
E) legal.

Question 25

Where did most migrants from Europe go when they emigrated from their homelands?

A) Canada.
B) South Africa.
C) Siberia.
D) Argentina.
E) The United States.

Question 26

Syndicalists believed that

A) small groups, or syndicates, of wealthy people controlled the economic life of their individual countries.
B) the best government was the one that governed the least and passed the fewest laws.
C) people should not be ruled by any government at all, because all governments eventually become corrupt.
D) private property should be outlawed.
E) only peasants and owners should comprise a country's government, because they were the only ones making a significant contribution to society.

Question 27

During the early 1900s, revisionists attempted to

A) turn back the clock to a time before industrialization occurred.
B) introduce reforms through parliamentary acts rather than revolution.
C) re-write the story of the development of Marxism.
D) undermine the teachings of Karl Marx through censorship.
E) convince urban laborers that Marxism was their only hope.

Question 28

At the beginning of the 20th century, in which country did the reformist non-Marxist Labour Party became an important force?

A) The United States.
B) Britain.
C) Spain.
D) France.
E) Germany.

Question 29

The Chartist movement in ____________________ failed in the short term but saw their goals realized over time.

Question 30

The large amounts of capital needed for business expansion during the Second Industrial Age were effectively raised by ____________________ companies.

Question 31

During the mid-1800s, Michael Bakunin developed what he called the "propaganda of the deed," which held that

A) workers, if necessary, should be willing to do whatever it took to obtain concessions from factory owners.
B) the best and quickest way to draw people to anarchism was to provide a violent, dramatic act or acts to cause governments to tumble.
C) governments always used propaganda to get ordinary citizens to perform the less desirable deeds, or jobs, within a society.
D) deeds of political terror were acceptable, as long as they were not used for purposes of propaganda.
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 32

All of the following were likely to migrate EXCEPT

A) small farmers.
B) the impoverished.
C) skilled craftsmen.
D) the educated.
E) None of the options are correct.

Question 33

Incredibly, Germany's ____________________ and ____________________ production was almost double that of Britain by 1914.

Question 34

According to Marx, once the proletariat obtained political power, a(n) ____________________ would need to be established.

Question 35

____________________ became the global leader in the search for sources of oil and of its production.

Question 36

The most famous pamphlet of the 19th century was the ____________________.

Question 37

The development of ____________________ and ____________________ finally made electricity useful.

Question 38

The event that set off the massive immigration to the United States from Europe was

A) the Franco-Prussian War.
B) the Napoleonic War.
C) the Panic of 1857.
D) the revolts of 1848.
E) the establishment of the German Empire.

Question 39

Although millions of Europeans emigrated to foreign lands, about ____________________ percent eventually returned to their homeland.

Question 40

The ____________________ have no trust in government; they feel all government is prone to corruption so it must be kept to a minimum.

Question 41

To what degree were urban areas transformed by the Second Industrial Revolution? Give examples.

Question 42

How did Europeans respond to Marx?

Question 43

Explain the essence of original Marxist Theory.

Question 44

How did Europeans respond to the Second Industrial Revolution?

Question 45

Discuss some of the major events associated with the Second Industrial Revolution.Include social, political, technological, and economic aspects of the revolution in your answer.

Question 46

Describe events and outcomes associated with the largest human migration in the history of the world.Include countries of origin, destinations, and motivations for the emigrants to leave.