Deck 24: The Gunpowder Empires of Western and Southern Asia

Question 1

Which of the following was not true of the Janissaries?

A) Janissaries could not be members of the Sublime Porte.
B) Some of the greatest Ottoman leaders had once been Janissaries.
C) The Janissaries had many opportunities to move up through the ranks of the army.
D) They were Balkan Christian boys who were kidnapped and converted to Islam.
E) They termed themselves "willing slaves of the sultan."

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What is the significance of the outcome of the battle of Ain Jalut?

A) The results of the battle brought much needed peace to Spain.
B) The outcome of the battle kept Turkey free of Mongol rule.
C) The battle led to the death of the Islamic caliph in 1250.
D) It gave the Turks direct access to Asia Minor for the first time.
E) It led to the establishment of the Rum Sultanate in eastern Asia Minor.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

In the Ottoman Empire, ghazis were

A) spiritual leaders.
B) religious gatherings.
C) frontier warriors.
D) enemies of the state.
E) the unconverted.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

The Ottoman Empire under Orhan was decidedly

A) feudalistic.
B) tolerant.
C) wealthy.
D) cosmopolitan.
E) modern.

Question 5

What was the main purpose of Osman's early ghazi state?

A) Osman wanted his empire to become economically viable.
B) He wanted to convert captured peoples to Islam.
C) They waged holy war against the Byzantine Christians.
D) They wanted to bring peace and harmony to Asia Minor.
E) Osman's initial goal was to gain territory.

Question 6

After the murder of his favorite son, Suleiman

A) broke apart his harem so that nothing like that could happen again, and had his favorite wife, instigator of the plot, executed.
B) began once again to take part in the annual jihads, during one of which he was killed.
C) began to defer to his viziers and military officials, resulting in Ottoman defeat by the Europeans.
D) threw himself into the day-to-day affairs of his empire to assuage his grief.
E) turned the empire over to his royal council, the divan, and retired from public life.

Question 7

The Janissaries were kept loyal to the central government through

A) the use of their families as hostages.
B) their constant movement and their salaries.
C) threats and surveillance.
D) their perceived sense of having a special status.
E) the threat of Allah's wrath should they veer from their prescribed duty.

Question 8

What was the title given to an Ottoman prime minister?

A) Grand Khan.
B) Grand Mufti.
C) Grand Vizier.
D) Grand Mughal.
E) Grand Marshal.

Question 9

What has been the legacy of Ottoman rule in the Balkans?

A) Widespread religious unity.
B) Unmitigated want and poverty.
C) A sense of alienation.
D) Ethnic and religious strife.
E) General economic hardship.

Question 10

What would be the best description for the officials of the Sublime Porte of the Ottoman Empire?

A) Economic advisory group.
B) Political lobby group.
C) Civil government.
D) Religious educational board.
E) Head of Church.

Question 11

By the 1450s, all of the Balkans south of Hungary had been absorbed into the Ottoman Empire EXCEPT

A) Ain Jalut.
B) Baghdad.
C) Manzihert.
D) Constantinople.
E) Budapest.

Question 12

What was the religious affiliation of the majority of the Balkan population after it came under Turkish rule?

A) Muslim.
B) Orthodox Christian.
C) Protestant.
D) Catholic.
E) Jewish.

Question 13

Which of the following is most accurate regarding the Sufi, or dervish, orders of Islam?

A) These orders used spiritual warriors to spread the faith.
B) These orders were often organized along secret lines.
C) The Sufis were in the brotherhood of ghazis.
D) The Sufis believed the shaykh was the son of Allah.
E) They rejected warfare as a means of making converts.

Question 14

The sultan who took Constantinople was

A) Osman.
B) Orhan.
C) Suleiman.
D) Al-Ghazzali.
E) Mehmed.

Question 15

The significance of the Treaty of Karlowitz was that

A) Austria finally surrendered the city of Vienna.
B) the Ottoman sultans agreed to vacate Spain.
C) Constantinople became an international city.
D) the Ottoman army never again went on the offensive.
E) the Ottoman sultan for the first time had to surrender territory to Europeans.

Question 16

In the Balkans after the 17th century, relations between Ottoman rulers and their Balkan Christian subjects

A) steadily improved.
B) improved dramatically.
C) deteriorated.
D) remained much the same.
E) improved slightly.

Question 17

Which of these was not an accomplishment of Suleiman?

A) the seizure of Iraq
B) taking control of the arrangements for the pilgrimage to Mecca
C) the remodeling of Muhammad's tomb
D) remodeling of the Dome of the Rock
E) defeat of the Abbasids

Question 18

By the 1450s, all of the Balkans south of Hungary had been absorbed into the Ottoman Empire EXCEPT

A) Ain Jalut.
B) Baghdad.
C) Manzihert.
D) Constantinople.
E) Budapest.

Question 19

The Battle of Manzikert

A) overthrew the Rum Sultanate.
B) halted the jihad against the Christians.
C) gave the Turks direct access to Asia Minor for the first time.
D) led to the capture of Constantinople.
E) was the final victory for the Byzantines.

Question 20

In order to best understand much of Islamic history, a strong comprehension of which of the following is necessary?

A) The historical relationships of the Muslim sultans.
B) Long-term worldwide Christian and Muslim strife.
C) All aspects of Muhammad's life story and his teachings.
D) The divisions within Muslim belief, particularly Shi'ite and Sunni.
E) The basis and justification for following Sharia.

Question 21

What was the name of the Mughal leader who built the Taj Mahal?

A) Babur.
B) Jahan.
C) Jahangir.
D) Aurangzeb.
E) Abar.

Question 22

Shah Abbas was

A) the greatest of the Safavid rulers.
B) the sultan who fought against Istanbul and the Sunni Ottomans.
C) the leader who planned a new, beautiful capital at Isfahan.
D) the sultan who ruled over a diverse population in Persia.
E) All of the options are correct

Question 23

What geographical location is associated with the Safavid Empire during the reign of Shah Abbas?

A) Palestine.
B) Persia.
C) Iraq.
D) Turkey.
E) India.

Question 24

Akbar's most noteworthy accomplishment was

A) religious and social toleration.
B) establishment of the Shi'ite state.
C) the Taj Mahal.
D) the conquest of Greece.
E) governmental reorganization.

Question 25

Akbar the Great build a new capital at ____________________.

Question 26

During the early 1500s and after Ismail declared himself shah, which specific religious group is most associated with the Safavid Empire?

A) Byzantine Christianity.
B) Zoroastrianism.
C) Shi'ite Islam.
D) Sunni Islam.
E) Sufism.

Question 27

Shi'ites reject all of Muhammad's successors who are not related to him by ____________________ or ____________________.

Question 28

The Ottoman Empire began as a(n) ____________________ state, or one made up of ____________________.

Question 29

In 1453, Mehmed the Conqueror captured ____________________ and its name was changed to Istanbul.

Question 30

The most outstanding of the Ottoman sultans, under whom the empire reached its peak, was ____________________ the ____________________.

Question 31

Safavid power reached its height during the reign of ____________________.

Question 32

The Delhi Sultanate of the 1200s in India

A) lasted until conquered by the Mongols in the 1530s.
B) were less than successful in forcing their Hindu subjects to convert to Islam.
C) was established by a group operating out of a base in Iran.
D) was headed by a powerful Hindu ruler of central India.
E) found that the only thing they shared with their subjects was language, which could not overcome religious differences.

Question 33

The system of rewarding individuals for their service to the state in Mughal India was known as ____________________.

Question 34

The Sikh religion

A) arose as a protest against the dominant Hindu faith.
B) today claims about 10 percent of the total population of India.
C) led to warfare with Babur in the early days of the Mughal Empire.
D) is somewhat closer to Islam than to Hinduism.
E) began as a blend of Hinduism and Islam but later became a separate faith.

Question 35

The janissaries were an elite Ottoman military corps made up of ____________________ youth captured in the ____________________.

Question 36

Muslims established an extensive system of religious schools known as ____________________.

Question 37

The most outstanding of the Mughal Emperors was

A) Jahangir.
B) Shah Jahan.
C) Akbar.
D) Babur.
E) Aurangzeb.

Question 38

What is the focus of The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam?

A) Love.
B) Mortality.
C) Nature.
D) Social hierarchy.
E) Warfare.

Question 39

A popular move of Akbar's was eliminating the high ____________________ tax on non-Muslim subjects.

Question 40

Which of these took place during the 1500s?

A) An Afghan leader, Babur, established the Mughal Muslim Indian dynasty.
B) The Turks established the Delhi Sultanate.
C) Religious wars between the Hindus and Muslims decimated the Indian subcontinent.
D) Akbar forced Jews and Christians within his empire to convert to Islam.
E) The Mughal Empire lost control of central India.

Question 41

Compare and contrast significant Muslim leaders among the Ottomans, Safavid, and Mughal empires.Which was the most significant?

Question 42

Describe life within the Safavid Empire.What was the size of the Safavids' territory? How did the empire arise? Describe the rulers who held the empire together.

Question 43

Delineate the development of the Mughal Empire in India.Who were the greatest Mughal leaders? Defend your answer.

Question 44

Describe and discuss the establishment of the Ottoman Empire.What were the most successful tactics of the Ottomans? How did they treat those they conquered?

Question 45

Discuss the major cultural achievements of the Islamic empires.

Question 46

Discuss the general status and evolution of the treatment of non-Muslims in all the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Islamic Empires.