Deck 6: Personality and Stress

Question 1

Eysenck's concept of ____ embodies the generally positively connoted traits of sociable, lively, active, assertive, sensation-seeking, carefree, dominant, surgent, and venturesome.

A) neuroticism
B) psychoticism
C) introversion
D) extraversion

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Gray's two systems are the ____ that is sensitive to reward and fueled by the dopamine areas and circuits of the brain and the opposing ____ that is sensitive to punishment or non-reward and is driven by the norepinephrine systems of the brain.

A) Behavioral Approach System, Behavioral Inhibition System
B) Behavioral Inhibition System, Behavioral Approach System
C) Five Factor Model, reinforcement sensitivity theory
D) reinforcement sensitivity theory, Five Factor Model

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Among the Big Five, research findings are steadily converging on ____ as the most health protective.

A) agreeableness
B) conscientiousness
C) openness
D) extraversion

Answer 3

B

Question 4

____, which deals directly with the stressor or the emotions it evokes, is more effective at mitigating the effects of stress than ____ that involves escape and avoidance.

A) A low level of optimism, a low level of engagement
B) A high level of optimism, a high level of engagement
C) Engagement coping, disengagement coping
D) Disengagement coping, engagement coping

Question 5

Johan Denollet and his associates introduced ____ and defined it as a personality type that has high negative affectivity (NA) and high social inhibition (SI).A ____ person is similar to an introverted neurotic.

A) Type A
B) Type B
C) Type C
D) Type D

Question 6

Substance abuse or dependence and anti-social personality disorder are examples of a(n) ____.

A) neurotic disorder
B) personality disorder
C) externalizing disorder
D) internalizing disorder

Question 7

____ is "the biologically based foundation of personality, including such characteristic patterns of behavior as emotionality, activity, and sociability."

A) Disposition
B) Temperament
C) A personal trait
D) A personality state

Question 8

In their landmark prospective study known as the Western Collaborative Group Study, Rosenman et al.found that Type As were ____ to develop coronary heart disease as Type Bs-a finding made more remarkable since it held firm after statistically adjusting for other risk variables.

A) twice as likely
B) three times as likely
C) half as likely
D) just as likely

Question 9

The psychoanalytic idea of psychological conflicts being expressed as symptoms (either psychological or physical) played an important role in Freud's ____, a construct that was widely accepted by mainstream American psychiatry until the latter part of the 20th century.

A) theory of sublimation
B) theory of psychosis
C) theory of the unconscious
D) theory of neurosis

Question 10

High neuroticism is consistently ____ associated with subjective well-being.

A) but only slightly negatively
B) and robustly negatively
C) but only slightly positively
D) and robustly positively

Question 11

____ refer(s) to particular characteristics or structural elements of personality that predispose a person to respond in certain ways.

A) Disposition
B) Personality states
C) Temperament
D) Personality traits

Question 12

Traits of ____ are generally seen as undesirable even to those who score high on this superfactor, and include characteristics such as anxious, depressed, guilt feelings, low self-esteem, tense, irrational, shy, moody, and emotional.

A) neuroticism
B) psychoticism
C) introversion
D) extraversion

Question 13

Sometimes ____ are referred to as dispositions since they imply that persons are inclined toward particular experiences or expressions of personality.

A) traits
B) states
C) personalities
D) dispositions

Question 14

____ refers to the overall enduring pattern of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that define an individual.

A) Personal trait
B) Disposition
C) Temperament
D) Personality

Question 15

There are subcomponents of each factor in the NEO-PI, labeled ____, that are separately measured.

A) functions
B) types
C) facets
D) typologies

Question 16

It is no surprise that many studies have associated high scores on neuroticism with a greater likelihood of developing a(n) ____ such as a mood disorder (e.g., major depression) or an anxiety disorder (e.g., generalized anxiety disorder).

A) neurotic disorder
B) personality disorder
C) externalizing disorder
D) internalizing disorder

Question 17

Whereas ____ are considered more temporary internal phenomena, ____ are considered more enduring and stable personality characteristics.

A) traits, states
B) states, traits
C) dispositions, temperaments
D) temperaments, dispositions

Question 18

In the early part of the 20th century, ____ medicine broke new ground in linking psychological health to physical conditions.

A) allopathic
B) neuroleptic
C) psychosomatic
D) psychological

Question 19

J.A.Gray's ____, based on animal research, builds on Eysenck's biological model and proposes two functionally independent motivational systems that have a bearing on our understanding of underlying temperament factors driving extraversion and neuroticism.

A) Five Factor Model
B) reinforcement sensitivity theory
C) Behavioral Inhibition System
D) Behavioral Approach System

Question 20

The first two editions of the ____ (a manual developed by psychiatrists to guide psychiatric diagnoses) included neurosis as a condition that typically involved anxiety or depression and contrasted with psychosis.

A) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
B) Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders
C) Physician's Desk Reference
D) Psychiatric Manual of Mental Illness

Question 21

Define Kobasa's 3 Cs.

Question 22

What trait did Redford Williams and his associates link to coronary atherosclerosis and risk of death?

Question 23

Describe the Big Five (also known as the Five Factor Model).

Question 24

Explain differential exposure.

Question 25

What trait is linked to the Behavioral Approach System (BAS)?

Question 26

Describe the NEO-PI.

Question 27

Explain differential appraisal.

Question 28

What trait is linked to the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS)?

Question 29

Explain locus of control (and the two types) in Rotter's social learning theory.

Question 30

What is "anger-in"? What type of anger expression style is ideal?

Question 31

What are the potential benefits of the trait of extraversion?

Question 32

What effects do high internal locus of control, sense of coherence (SOC), and hardiness have on health and illness?

Question 33

Briefly explain health-related behavior models.

Question 34

What is the difference between the Behavioral Inhibition System and the Behavioral Approach System?

Question 35

Why do those with high neuroticism traits exhibit negatively oriented emotional hyperreactivity toward stressors?

Question 36

What does the psychoticism factor measure?

Question 37

What are personality types?

Question 38

What is mood spillover?

Question 39

Why do small everyday stressors often elicit the same dramatic over-the-top responses as big stressors?

Question 40

What is the most favorable pattern for intimate partner relationship satisfaction in the Malouff 2010 study?

Question 41

What is the Type A behavior pattern and how is it measured?

Question 42

What is Eysenck's PEN Model?

Question 43

Describe the neuroticism health-risk connection.

Question 44

Describe factor analysis.

Question 45

Explain Kobasa's concept of hardiness.

Question 46

What are the three anger expression styles Davidson and Mostofsky used in their study of anger expression as a gender-related risk factor for CHD (coronary heart disease)? How do these styles differ between men and women?

Question 47

What is the biological predisposition model?

Question 48

How do hostility, anger, and anger expression differ? How are they linked to CHD (coronary heat disease)?

Question 49

What is the "sting of familiar problems"? Use examples in your answer.

Question 50

What are moderation models?