Deck 15: Carbohydrates

Question 1

Which group of carbohydrates cannot be hydrolyzed to give smaller molecules?

A)oligosaccharides
B)trisaccharides
C)disaccharides
D)monosaccharides
E)polysaccharides

Answer 1

monosaccharides

Question 2

The breakdown of carbohydrates to carbon dioxide and water in the body is called

A)photosynthesis.
B)respiration.
C)anabolism.
D)mutarotation.
E)reduction.

Answer 2

respiration.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of an aldopentose?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Answer 3

Question 4

The breakdown of glucose to chemical energy for the cells to do work is an example of

A)mutarotation.
B)reduction.
C)anabolism.
D)oxidation.
E)respiration.

Question 5

Ribulose has the following structural formula. To what carbohydrate class does ribulose belong?

A)ketopentose
B)aldopentose
C)aldotetrose
D)ketohexose
E)ketotetrose

Question 6

Chiral drugs consist of only one enantiomer. The benefits of using a pure enantiomer, rather than a mixture, include

A)reduced chances of drug interactions.
B)elimination of side effects.
C)higher potency (lower total dose of drug).
D)All of the above.
E)None of the above.

Question 7

A monosaccharide that contains 4 carbon atoms, one of which is in an aldehyde group, is classified as a(n)

A)aldopentose.
B)aldohexose.
C)aldotetrose.
D)ketopentose.
E)ketotetrose.

Question 8

An enantiomer is

A)a stereoisomer that is not a mirror image of another molecule.
B)a diastereoisomer.
C)a stereoisomer that is a mirror image of another molecule.
D)a structural isomer.
E)a cis-trans isomer.

Question 9

Which molecule below has stereoisomers with different biological effects?

A)carvone
B)naproxen
C)epinephrine
D)nicotine
E)All of the above.

Question 10

A carbohydrate that gives two molecules when it is completely hydrolyzed is known as a

A)polysaccharide.
B)monosaccharide.
C)starch.
D)trisaccharide.
E)disaccharide.

Question 11

A monosaccharide that consists of 5 carbon atoms, one of which is in a ketone group, is classified as a(n)

A)ketopentose.
B)ketotetrose.
C)aldotetrose.
D)aldopentose.
E)aldohexose.

Question 12

During photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are converted to glucose and oxygen by

A)mushrooms.
B)insects.
C)green plants.
D)large animals
E)earthworms.

Question 13

How many different substituents are required on a carbon atom for it to be chiral?

A)one
B)two
C)three
D)four
E)Any number from 1 to 4; chirality does not depend on substitution.

Question 14

Chirality occurs when stereoisomers have mirror images that are

A)not superimposable.
B)identical.
C)superimposable.
D)not visible to one another.
E)the same.

Question 15

In the L- isomer of a Fischer projection of a monosaccharide, the -OH group furthest from the carbonyl is written

A)on the left of the bottom chiral carbon.
B)on the right of the top chiral carbon.
C)on the left of the middle chiral carbon.
D)on the right of the bottom chiral carbon.
E)on the left of the top chiral carbon.

Question 16

Photosynthesis uses ________ as an energy source.

A)sunlight
B)glucose
C)oxygen
D)carbon dioxide
E)chlorophyll

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a ketopentose?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of an aldohexose?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 19

One difference between D-glucose and L-glucose is

A)L-glucose cannot form a closed structure.
B)L-glucose has a 5-membered ring, and D-glucose has a 6-membered ring.
C)the open-chain form of L-glucose does not exist.
D)it is not possible to make L-glucose.
E)only D-glucose is more commonly found in disaccharides and polysaccharides.

Question 20

Fructose does not undergo hydrolysis because it is a(n)

A)aldose.
B)disaccharide.
C)hexose.
D)monosaccharide.
E)reducing sugar.

Question 21

The oxidation of monosaccharides produces

A)sugar alcohols.
B)polysaccharides.
C)trisaccharides.
D)disaccharides.
E)sugar acids.

Question 22

Hyperglycemia is a condition in which

A)the glucose level in the blood is higher than normal.
B)the glucose level in the blood is about 90 mg/dL.
C)the amount of glucose in the urine is lower than normal.
D)the glucose level in the pancreas is lower than normal.
E)the glucose level in the liver is lower than normal.

Question 23

Which sugar is NOT a reducing sugar?

A)glucose
B)galactose
C)sucrose
D)fructose
E)maltose

Question 24

Refer to the disaccharides below to answer the question(s)that follow.
Hydrolysis of the disaccharide above gives the monosaccharides

A)ribose and glucose.
B)fructose and lactose.
C)fructose and ribose.
D)fructose and glucose.
E)ribose and galactose.

Question 25

Which of the following contains a

A)galactose
B)maltose
C)sucrose
D)lactose
E)amylose

Question 26

Which of the following contains

A)cellulose
B)amylose
C)maltose
D)glycogen
E)sucrose

Question 27

Refer to the disaccharides below to answer the question(s)that follow.
In the figure above, the monosaccharide unit at the top is a(n)

A)aldopentose.
B)aldoheptose.
C)ketohexose.
D)ketopentose.
E)aldohexose.

Question 28

A glycosidic bond between two monosaccharides can also be classified as a(n)

A)double bond.
B)ester bond.
C)alcohol bond.
D)ether bond.
E)achiral bond.

Question 29

Galactose is one of the products of enzymatic hydrolysis of

A)sucrose.
B)lactose.
C)glucose.
D)maltose.
E)erythrose.

Question 30

The disaccharide above contains a(n) ______- glycosidic linkage.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 31

The reduction of monosaccharides produces

A)disaccharides.
B)sugar acids.
C)polysaccharides.
D)trisaccharides.
E)sugar alcohols.

Question 32

In a disaccharide, two monosaccharides are joined by what kind of bond?

A)rotational
B)double
C)glycosidic
D)alcohol
E)anomeric

Question 33

Hypoglycemia is a condition in which

A)the glucose level in the blood is higher than normal.
B)the amount of glucose in the urine is higher than normal.
C)the glucose level in the pancreas is higher than normal.
D)the glucose level in the blood is lower than normal.
E)the glucose level in the blood is about 100 mg/dL.

Question 34

Galactose has the structure shown below. It can be classified as a

A)ketone.
B)ribose.
C)disaccharide.
D)ketose.
E)monosaccharide.

Question 35

Maltose is a

A)trisaccharide.
B)phosphosaccharide.
C)disaccharide.
D)polysaccharide.
E)monosaccharide.

Question 36

Mannose has the structure shown below. Which isomer is shown?

A)
B)
C) the D isomer
D) the L isomer
E) none of the above

Question 37

Refer to the disaccharides below to answer the question(s)that follow.
In the figure above, the monosaccharide unit on the bottom is a(n)

A)ketopentose.
B)aldohexose.
C)aldoheptose.
D)aldopentose.
E)ketohexose.

Question 38

The sugar also known as dextrose and blood sugar is

A)lactose.
B)sucrose.
C)glucose.
D)galactose.
E)fructose.

Question 39

The conversion between α and β isomers occurs during a process called

A)reduction.
B)hydrolysis.
C)glycoside.
D)mutarotation.
E)oxidation.

Question 40

Maltose can be classified as a(n)

A)polysaccharide.
B)disaccharide.
C)ketose.
D)pentose.
E)oligosaccharide.

Question 41

State whether each of these structures is the

Question 42

Identify each Fischer projection as the D- or L-isomer.

Question 43

Under acid hydrolysis conditions, starch is ultimately converted to

A)fructose.
B)galactose.
C)xylose.
D)maltose.
E)glucose.

Question 44

State whether each of these structures is the

Question 45

Identify each Fischer projection as the D- or L-isomer.

Question 46

Identify each Fischer projection as the D- or L-isomer.

Question 47

Humans cannot digest cellulose because they

A) lack the necessary enzymes to digest
B) are poisoned by
C) are allergic to
D) have intestinal flora which use up
E) cannot digest chlorophyll.

Question 48

State whether each of these structures is the

Question 49

Identify each Fischer projection as the D- or L-isomer.

Question 50

State whether each of these structures is the

Question 51

Amylose is a polysaccharide which has

A) only bonds glucose units.
B) hemiacetal links joining glucose units.
C) carbon-carbon bonds joining glucose units.
D) both bonds between glucose units.
E) only bonds between glucose units.

Question 52

Amylopectin is a polysaccharide which has

A) only bonds glucose units.
B) both bonds between glucose units.
C) carbon-carbon bonds joining glucose units.
D) both bonds between glucose units.
E) only bonds between glucose units.

Question 53

Identify each Fischer projection as the D- or L-isomer.

Question 54

Cellulose is not digestible by humans because it contains glucose units linked by _____-glycosidic bonds.

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)