Deck 5: Nuclear Chemistry

Question 1

When a positron is emitted from the nucleus of an atom, the mass number

A)decreases by two units.
B)remains the same.
C)increases by two units.
D)decreases by one unit.
E)increases by one unit.

Answer 1

remains the same.

Question 2

What is the nuclear symbol for a radioactive isotope of copper with a mass number of 60 ?

A)
B)
C)
D) 29Cu
E)

Answer 2

Question 3

The nuclar reaction shown below is an example of what type of process?

A)alpha decay
B)translation
C)fission
D)beta decay
E)fusion

Answer 3

alpha decay

Question 4

The process in which a nucleus spontaneously breaks down by emitting radiation is known as

A)transmutation.
B)radioactive decay.
C)fusion.
D)transformation.
E)a chain reaction.

Question 5

If absorbed internally, alpha particle emitters are the most damaging because alpha particles

A)have the greatest mass.
B)consist of high energy electrons.
C)have the greatest energy.
D)consist of pure energy.
E)have the largest charge.

Question 6

When a gamma ray is emitted from the nucleus of an atom, the nuclear mass

A)decreases by two units.
B)decreases by one unit.
C)increases by two units.
D)increases by one unit.
E)remains the same.

Question 7

When an alpha particle is emitted from the nucleus of an atom, the nuclear mass

A)increases by two units.
B)decreases by two units.
C)increases by one unit.
D)decreases by four units.
E)remains the same.

Question 8

Which is NOT a way to minimize your exposure to radiation?

A)staying a longer time
B)wearing a lead apron
C)keeping a good distance
D)wearing lead-lined gloves
E)standing behind a thick concrete wall

Question 9

The symbol is a symbol used for a(n)

A)beta particle.
B)positron.
C)alpha particle.
D)gamma ray.
E)proton.

Question 10

A positron is a particle emitted from the nucleus that has the same mass as a(n)

A)proton emitted from the nucleus.
B)beta particle.
C)electron but has a positive charge.
D)neutron but has a positive charge.
E)alpha particle.

Question 11

The nuclear symbol of helium, is also the symbol for a(n)

A)alpha particle.
B)proton.
C)neutron.
D)beta particle.
E)gamma ray.

Question 12

A nuclear equation is balanced when

A)the charges of the particles and atoms are the same on both sides of the equation.
B)the same elements are found on both sides of the equation.
C)the same particles and atoms are on both sides of the equation.
D)different particles and atoms are on both sides of the equation.
E)the sum of the mass numbers and the sum of the atomic numbers of the particles and atoms are the same on both sides of the equation.

Question 13

Gamma rays require the heaviest shielding of all the common types of nuclear radiation because gamma rays have the

A)lowest energy.
B)most intense color.
C)largest particles.
D)heaviest particles.
E)highest energy.

Question 14

Which of the following is suitable as a minimum shielding for beta particles?

A)1 m of water
B)1 m of concrete
C)gloves
D)air
E)1 cm of lead

Question 15

In the nuclear equation of a beta emitter,

A)the new nucleus contains 1 less proton.
B)the new nucleus contains 2 fewer protons.
C)the mass number of the new nucleus is 4 less than that of the original nucleus.
D)the new nucleus contains 2 more protons.
E)the new nucleus contains 1 more proton.

Question 16

The symbol is a symbol used for a(n)

A)alpha particle.
B)proton.
C)beta particle.
D)neutron.
E)gamma ray.

Question 17

For there are

A) 38 protons and 47 neutrons.
B) 85 protons and 47 neutrons.
C) 47 protons and 38 neutrons.
D) 85 protons and 38 neutrons.
E) 38 protons and 85 neutrons.

Question 18

The damaging effects of radiation on the body are a result of

A)the production of radioactive sodium ions in the body.
B)the formation of unstable ions.
C)transmutation reactions in the body.
D)extensive damage to nerve cells.
E)the formation of radioactive atoms in the body.

Question 19

Which of the following types of radiation has the highest energy?

A)gamma rays
B)visible light
C)alpha particles
D)beta particles
E)All of these have the same energy.

Question 20

The product from the alpha decay of is

A)
B)
C)
D)
Е)

Question 21

A patient receives 10 mrads of gamma radiation. If the factor that adjusts for biological damage for for gamma radiation is 1, how many mrems did the patient receive?

A)10 mrem
B)200 mrem
C)20 mrem
D)2 mrem
E)5 mrem

Question 22

The unit used to measure the amount of radiation absorbed by a gram of material is called the

A)RBE.
B)rem.
C)curie.
D)MPD.
E)rad.

Question 23

What particle is emitted in the following nuclear reaction?

A) beta particle
B) alpha particle
C) gamma ray
D) neutron
E) proton

Question 24

A sample of technetium-99m has an activity of 1.5 Ci. How many disintegrations occur in the technetium-99m sample in 5.0 sec?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 25

Iodine-131 decays by beta decay to

A)iodine-132.
B)xenon-131.
C)tellurium-131.
D)bromine-131.
E)iodine-130.

Question 26

Radium-226 decays by alpha decay to

A)barium-131.
B)cobalt-60.
C)radon-222.
D)polonium-218.
E)carbon-14.

Question 27

One symptom of mild radiation sickness is

A)a raised white cell count.
B)a raised red blood cell count.
C)a lowered white cell count.
D)a lowered red blood cell count.
E)a white cell count of zero.

Question 28

When aluminum-27 is bombarded with a neutron, a gamma ray is emitted. What radioactive isotope is produced?

A)aluminum-28
B)magnesium-28
C)magnesium-27
D)silicon-28
E)silicon-27

Question 29

What is missing in the nuclear reaction shown below?

A) a neutron
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 30

The recommended dosage of I-131 for a test is of body weight. How many mCi should be given to a 55 kg patient?

A) 13.8 mCi
B) 0.076 mCi
C) 230 mCi
D) 760 mCi
E) 0.23 mCi

Question 31

What particle is emitted in the following nuclear reaction?

A)beta particle
B)gamma ray
C)neutron
D)proton
E)alpha particle

Question 32

What is missing in the nuclear reaction shown below?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E) a proton

Question 33

Nitrogen-17 is a beta emitter. What is the isotope produced by the radioactive decay?

A)
B)
C)
D)
E)

Question 34

Why is it important that radioisotopes used in diagnostic tests have short half-lives?

A)These radioisotopes are less expensive.
B)These radioisotopes are more abundant in nature.
C)These radioisotopes have a greater activity so they are easier to monitor.
D)This is necessary so the radioisotopes will have high energy.
E)This minimizes the harmful side effects of the radiation.

Question 35

What is the radiation particle used in the bombardment of nitrogen-14?

A)neutron
B)gamma ray
C)alpha particle
D)beta particle
E)proton

Question 36

A sample of cerium-141 for a diagnostic test was dissolved in saline solution to an activity of 4.5 mCi/mL. If the patient undergoing the test needs a dose of 10. mCi, how much of the solution should be injected into the
Patient?

A).45 mL
B)2.2 mL
C)4.5 mL
D)22 mL
E)45 mL

Question 37

A person begins to suffer radiation sickness at an exposure level of

A)600 rem.
B)25 rem.
C)100 rem.
D)5 rem.
E)500 rem.

Question 38

A patient receives mrads of iodine-131, which emits If the factor that adjusts for biological damage is 1 for beta particles, how many rems did the patient receive?

A) 2.0
B) 4.0
C) 40
D) 0.40
E) 0.30

Question 39

The nuclear reaction is an example of

A)fission.
B)fusion.
C)beta decay.
D)alpha decay.
E)translation.

Question 40

What is missing in the nuclear reaction shown below?

A)a neutron
B)gamma radiation
C)an alpha particle
D)a beta particle
E)a positron

Question 41

An imaging technique in which a computer monitors the degree of absorption of X-ray beams is known as

A)magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
B)radioactive iodine uptake (RAIU).
C)positron emission tomography (PET).
D)a scan.
E)computed tomography (CT).

Question 42

Sodium-24 has a half-life of 15 hours. How many hours is three half-lives?

A)15 hours
B)45 hours
C)7.5 hours
D)30 hours
E)60 hours

Question 43

Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Question 44

An imaging technique that detects the energy emitted by hydrogen atoms in a magnetic field is known as

A)magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
B)radioactive tracer study.
C)computed tomography (CT).
D)positron emission tomography (PET).
E)supermagnetic tomography (SMT).

Question 45

In the Sun, nuclei of hydrogen combine to form a larger nucleus and release a great amount of energy. The process is known as

A)metathesis.
B)fusion.
C)fission.
D)ionization.
E)chain reaction.

Question 46

The common unit of radioactivity which is used to measure the biological damage is the ________.

Question 47

The half-life of bromine-74 is 25 min. How much of a 4.0 mg sample is still active after 75 min?

A)0.25 mg
B)0.50 mg
C)4.0 mg
D)1.0 mg
E)2.0 mg

Question 48

The half-life of a radioisotope is

A)the time it takes for the radioisotope to become an isotope with one-half the atomic number of the original radioisotope.
B)the time it takes for one-half of the sample to decay.
C)the time it takes for the radioisotope to become an isotope with one-half of the atomic weight of the original radioisotope.
D)the time it takes for the radioisotope to lose one-half of its neutrons.
E)one-half of the time it takes for the radioisotope to completely decay to a nonradioactive isotope.

Question 49

A patient receives 3.0 mL of a solution containing technetium- 99m for a breast image. If the activity of the technetium -99m is 9.5 mCi/mL , what is the dose received by the patient?

A) 3.2 mCi
B)
C) 29 mCi
D) 28.5 mCi
E) 9.5 mCi

Question 50

The most widely used medical isotope in nuclear medicine is

A)I-131.
B)I-125.
C)P-32.
D)Co-60.
E)Tc-99m.

Question 51

The dosage of technetium-99m for myocardial imaging is of body weight. How many mCi should be given to a patient weighing 65 kg?

A)
B) 18 mCi
C) 0.0043 mCi
D) 230 mCi
E) 4.3 mCi

Question 52

Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Question 53

A wooden object from a prehistoric site has a carbon-14 activity of 10 counts per minute (cpm)compared to 40 cpm for new wood. If carbon-14 has a half-life of 5730 years, what is the age of the wood?

A)22,900 yr
B)1430 yr
C)17,200 yr
D)5730 yr
E)11,500 yr

Question 54

A sample of phosphorus-32 with an activity of produces disintegrations per second.

Question 55

Krypton-79 has a half-life of 35 hours. How many half-lives have passed after 105 hours?

A)1 half-life
B)2 half-lives
C)3 half-lives
D)4 half-lives
E)5 half-lives

Question 56

One symbol for the beta particle β. Another symbol for the same particle is ________.

Question 57

When an atom of uranium-235 is bombarded with neutrons, it splits into smaller nuclei and produces a great amount of energy. This nuclear process is called

A)fusion.
B)ionization.
C)decomposition.
D)chain reaction.
E)fission.

Question 58

The radiation dose required to produce death in one-half of the exposed subject animals is termed the ________.

Question 59

Iodine-123, which is used for diagnostic imaging in the thyroid, has a half-life of 13 hours. If 50.0 mg of I-123 were prepared at 8:00 A.M. on Monday, how many mg remain at 10:00 A.M. on the following day?

A)3.13 mg
B)6.25 mg
C)25.0 mg
D)12.5 mg
E)50.0 mg

Question 60

Write the word or phrase that best completes each statement or answers the question.

Question 61

The diagnostic imaging technique that depends on magnetic fields and radio waves, not radioactivity, is called
________.

Question 62

The radioisotope used as a diagnostic tool to measure thyroid function is ________.

Question 63

The time needed for a radioactive sample to decay to one-half of its original activity is called the ________.

Question 64

The process by which a large nucleus breaks into smaller pieces, releasing large amounts of energy is called
nuclear ________.