Deck 4: Political Sociology

Question 1

The three different forms of authority include ________________.

A)traditional, conventional and ambiguous
B)traditional, charismatic and rational-legal
C)charismatic, optional and socio-legal
D)charismatic, socio-economic and para-legal

Answer 1

B

Question 2

A society's ________________ is an institution that contributes to the realizing of local, regional and global interest and agendas.

A)sociological system
B)power system
C)political system
D)economic system

Answer 2

C

Question 3

__________ relate to the use of and access to power.

A)Economic institutions
B)Political institutions
C)Educational institutions
D)Religions

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which one of the following persons held/holds power grounded on traditional authority?

A)Nelson Mandela
B)Queen Elizabeth II
C)Martin Luther King, Jr
D)Adolf Hitler

Question 5

Which one of the following charismatic leaders boycotted British-made goods and undertook hunger strikes to attract international attention to the discrimination practices of the British in South Africa?

A)Mother Teresa
B)Nelson Mandela
C)Mahatma Gandhi
D)Adolf Hitler

Question 6

_________________ is without a doubt the most famous leader from India and is considered that country's founding father.

A)Pratibha Patil
B)Dinesh Keskar
C)Mother Teresa
D)Mahatma Gandhi

Question 7

Which one of these social theorists identified three types of power?

A)Karl Marx
B)Max Weber
C)C Wright Mills
D)John Locke

Question 8

The acceptance of the power of King Goodwill Zwelithini in South Africa among relevant groups is an example of ______________

A)rational-legal authority
B)charismatic authority
C)legal authority
D)traditional authority

Question 9

Another name for rational-legal authority is ____________.

A)bureaucratic authority
B)charismatic authority
C)traditional authority
D)powerless authority

Question 10

The difference between power and authority is that ___________

A)while power is sometimes illegitimate, authority is legitimate.
B)while power is often the use of force, authority is the exercise of illegitimate power.
C)while power is an act, authority is a symbol.
D)while power is influence, authority is unjust.

Question 11

When people believe that power differences are legitimate, those with power possess

A)rationalisation.
B)authority.
C)status.
D)political clout.

Question 12

Choose the most correct option.Why do sociologists study the nature of power and authority?

A)To better equip themselves to find theories.
B)To better understand the nature of humans.
C)To understand the social dynamics of politics within a specific society.
D)To find the best way to lead people.

Question 13

According to Max Weber, rational-legal authority is ___________.

A)unlawful
B)common-sense
C)impractical
D)legitimised by laws

Question 14

Which of the following does not relate to the definition of power given in the textbook?

A)Using force to get one's own way.
B)Using diplomacy to influence government policy.
C)Ability to achieve one's own goals even if it is different from everyone else's.
D)Relying on the value of core beliefs in a doctrine to influence others to conform to certain behaviour.

Question 15

Leaders who, by virtue of their special qualities, have the ability to unleash revolutionary changes possess _________________ authority.

A)traditional
B)charismatic
C)legal-rational
D)political

Question 16

A chief, king, or queen possesses power based on which form of authority?

A)traditional
B)charismatic
C)legal-rational
D)socialistic

Question 17

_________ authority rests on a system of impersonal rules that formally specify the qualifications for occupying a powerful position.

A)Traditional
B)Charismatic
C)Legal-rational
D)Political

Question 18

Gandhi is an important figure who led a largely nonviolent struggle against British rule over India.Gandhi's accomplishment was 'an extraordinary feat of personal magnetism,' in which he inspired the participation of the illiterate and poor.Gandhi's authority qualifies as

A)traditional.
B)legal rational.
C)political.
D)charismatic.

Question 19

_________________ leaders often emerge during times of profound crisis.

A)Traditional
B)Charismatic
C)Legal-rational
D)Socialistic

Question 20

________ is the probability that an individual can achieve his or her will even against another individual's opposition.

A)A life chance
B)Politics
C)Rationalisation
D)Power

Question 21

A)monopolies.
B)the power elite.
C)Wright Mills wrote, 'The power to make decisions of national and international consequence is now so clearly seated in political, military, and economic institutions that other areas of society seem off to the side.' Mills was writing about
C)a pluralist society.
D)conglomerates.

Question 22

The __________ model suggests that a relatively low number of people make decisions that have consequences affecting millions of people worldwide.

A)democratic
B)power elite
C)pluralist
D)socialist

Question 23

Authoritarian governments are defined by which one of the following characteristics?

A)An unchallenged official ideology
B)A vision of the perfect society
C)Some outside power plays a role in bringing the leader to power
D)Citizens have the right to vote

Question 24

________________ is a form of government in which political authority is in the hands of religious leaders or a theologically trained elite.

A)Theocracy
B)Democracy
C)Totalitarianism
D)Authoritarianism

Question 25

_______ governments are products of the 20th century because a technology exists that allows a few people in power to control the behaviour of the masses.

A)Totalitarianism
B)Democratic
C)Authoritarian
D)Charismatic

Question 26

Traditionally, __________ governments started policies that forbade private ownership of property and supported the equal distribution of wealth and power to workers.

A)Authoritarian
B)Communist
C)Capitalist
D)Totalitarian

Question 27

Totalitarianism is a system of government characterised by

A)multiple political parties competing for power.
B)tolerance for dissent.
C)an unchallenged official ideology.
D)independent media.

Question 28

Which one of the following characteristics does not apply to theocracies?

A)Separation of church and state
B)Divine laws and practices are guiding principles
C)Political authority is in the hands of religious leaders
D)Leaders are devoted to religious principles

Question 29

In the sociological sense of the word, a charismatic leader is

A)a popular person.
B)demanding to the point of insisting that followers make extraordinary sacrifices.
C)an attractive, likeable person.
D)someone who is continually in our thoughts.

Question 30

___________ is a system of government in which power is vested in the citizen body or 'the people'.

A)Capitalism
B)Democracy
C)Totalitarianism
D)Authoritarianism

Question 31

China under Mao Zedong, a leader who advocated overthrowing capitalist and foreign influence, can be classified as a(n) ________________ government.

A)democratic
B)authoritarian
C)totalitarian
D)representative

Question 32

No matter the form of government or the scope of its jurisdiction, all make ______ that mandate people to behave in specified ways or to refrain from behaving in some specified way.

A)opportunities
B)laws
C)tax laws
D)products

Question 33

Which one of the following statements is CORRECT?

A)South Africa is a participatory democracy and so everyone is allowed to vote.
B)South Africa is a representative democracy and only over 18 adults may vote.
C)The South African Constitution sees that every South African adult citizen is eligible to vote, but not everyone eligible does vote.
D)All democratic governments allow all of their citizens to vote despite their race, sex, income, criminal status and mental health.

Question 34

Which one of the following persons held/holds power grounded on charismatic authority?

A)
B)Queen Elizabeth II
C)Adolf Hitler
D)Thabo Mbeki
F)W.de Klerk

Question 35

Which one of the following historical figures headed a totalitarian system of government?

A)Joseph Stalin
B)Saddam Hussein
C)Thabo Mbeki
D)Fidel Castro

Question 36

The Vatican under the Pope, Afghanistan under the Taliban, and Iran under Supreme Ayatollah Ali Hoseni-Khamenei are all examples of _____________ forms of government.

A)totalitarian
B)democratic
C)authoritarian
D)theocratic

Question 37

Attraction and devotion to a leader cannot sustain a community indefinitely: the object of these emotions is mortal.This statement applies to _______________ authority.

A)charismatic
B)traditional
C)legal-rational
D)democratic

Question 38

________________ means 'rule of the deity'. a.Theocracy
B)Democracy
C)Fundamentalism
D)Authoritarianism

Question 39

Sir Winston Churchill once said that ______________ 'is the worst form of government except for all others that we have tried'.

A)communism
B)authoritarianism
C)democracy
D)totalitarianism

Question 40

Which one of the following is not a characteristic of authoritarian government?

A)There is an official ideology
B)The masses are not organised to help realise a vision
C)A single dictator or social class holds all the power
D)The government functions to serve those in power

Question 41

Choose the INCORRECT option.According to Mills's (1956) discussion of the power elite

A)The military, government and corporations are so interdependent on each other because the decisions made by the elite in one sector has bearing on the elite in the other two sectors.
B)Each of the three groups, military, government and corporation, have interests in cooperation.
C)For those who occupy the highest positions in military, government and corporation, share common interests and therefore interact with each other.
D)This alliance among the three sectors of the power elite ensures a smooth, untroubled relation as they are free agents.

Question 42

Charismatic leaders often emerge during times of profound crisis.

Question 43

Identify a related aspect of the pluralist model of power, from one of the following:

A)Several different groups of people sharing varied and common interests in issues such as economic, political or social and groups forming to influence public opinion or government policy.
B)A single special interest group dominating a political system.
C)A dictatorship that controls all aspects of a society.
D)The military and government which are interdependent.

Question 44

The pluralist model prompts us to consider how the Indian government gives a voice to groups considered disadvantaged.Identify the incorrect statement.

A)The Constitution of India mandates that the government promote economic and educational interests of the weaker (poorest) sections of people.
B)Special protection and social justice is mandated for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in India.
C)The term Scheduled Castes refers specifically to the middle class working sections of India.
D)The Constitution of India recognises that the 'untouchable castes' by ensuring special programmes.

Question 45

A(n)________________ power exerts control and influence over foreign entities either through military force or through political policies and economic pressure.

A)pluralist
B)militaristic
C)invalid
D)imperialistic

Question 46

Authority is taking power by force to controlthe actions of people against their will.

Question 47

Political sociologists look at how the social institution of politics influences other social institutions such as education and the modern mass media.

Question 48

Charismatic authority relies on time-honoured norms that govern the selection of someone to a position of authority.

Question 49

While political scientists focus on analysing the social dynamics of politics, political sociologists focus on analysing power and its distribution.

Question 50

Which of the following was not a law enacted under apartheid in South Africa?

A)The Group Areas Act of 1950
B)The Bantu Education Act of 1953
C)The Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act of 1953
D)The Jim Crow Act of 1822

Question 51

Power does not have a role in shaping or determining social hierarchies.

Question 52

Choose the INCORRECT option.In the text, Lockheed-Martin is __________.

A)An aerospace, security, defense and technology company.
B)Received about R121.45 billion in defense contracts in the 2009 fiscal year.
C)Made up of a young and vibrant board of directors.
D)Supported by the US Department of Defence and awards contracts that support about 132 000 company employees working in 522 facilities in 500 cities.

Question 53

The ______ model views politics as an arena of compromises, alliances, and negotiations among many competing special interest groups.

A)power elite
B)pluralist
C)socialist
D)capitalist

Question 54

Studying the nature of power and authority allows sociologists to understand the social dynamics of power.

Question 55

Choose the INCORRECT option.

A)rapid advances in technology since World War II has allowed power to become concentrated in the hands of a few.
B)people with access to power tend to share this with everyone else.
C)Wright Mills (1956) observed that __________
C)leading institutions in the United States include the military, government and companies.
D)the power to make decisions of national and international consequences in the United States is now clearly seated in political, military and economic institutions.

Question 56

Choose the INCORRECT option.The Food, Conservation and Energy Act of 2008 in the United States is a bill that _____

A)Subsidises specific agricultural crops
B)Issues grants to states that harvest fresh fruit and vegetables for schools to teach about agriculture
C)Establish community gardens for well-off rich schools
D)Is said to perpetuate inequalities because it disproportionately benefits large corporate farmers, which farmers in poor countries cannot compete against.

Question 57

Traditional authority is the ability to exercise power because of long held customs and practices/norms.

Question 58

A leader has authority if the people he/she rules believes that he/she is entitled to give orders.

Question 59

Choose the CORRECT option.The government in India passed laws that _______

A)give farmers lower prices for their products than the market pays them.
B)resulted in a decreased agricultural output.
C)resulted in basic infrastructures such as roads that could not support this move to increase the production of grain.
D)led to large amounts of a variety of foods reaching consumers.

Question 60

A political system is responsible to regulate the use of and access to the kind of power that oversees the interests and agenda of various layers of social actors.

Question 61

The power elite derive their power from legal-rational authority.

Question 62

In a theocracy, church and state are one and the same.

Question 63

Power elite are typically a large group of people occupying an entire government for instance who use that power to control society.

Question 64

Charismatic leaders, such as the Pope of the Catholic Church, often succefully persuade their members to make extra ordinary sacrifices, cut themselves off from worldly ways of doing things and offer their lives to achieving a vision.

Question 65

Rational-legal authority is power that is legitimised by law, written rules of a government and regulations.

Question 66

Bureaucratic authority, another name for charismatic authority, is based on the personal qualities and charm of a leader.

Question 67

An imperialistic power exerts control and influence over foreign entities through military force, policies, and economic pressure.

Question 68

All of the following people may be considered as charismatic leaders, Mahatma Gandhi, Nelson Mandela, Martin Luther King Jnr and Mother Teresa, except for Adolf Hitler.

Question 69

In all rational-legal systems, authority is vested in the office and not in the person who holds office.

Question 70

In the case of legal-rational authority, power is derived from the exceptional and exemplary qualities of the person who issues the commands.