Deck 5: Contemporary Organizational Theories and Management Systems

Question 1

According to Theory X, management is responsible for organizing the elements of productive enterprise.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

The Hawthorne experiments considered the effect of what on worker productivity?

A) lighting patterns
B) employee motivation
C) management effectiveness
D) organizational rules

Answer 2

A

Question 3

What kind of organization is fairly inflexible and characterized by hierarchy, formalization, and centralized authority?

A) rational
B) bureaucratic
C) organic
D) mechanistic

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Social needs are at the top of Maslow's hierarcy of needs.

Question 5

Total quality management is opposed to an organizational structure.

Question 6

Mechanistic organizations are open and allow employees input and responsibility in decision making.

Question 7

Systems theory emphasizes the whole, not the parts.

Question 8

Many writers feel that classical and human relations theory are mutually exclusive.

Question 9

What philosophy stresses that management is engaged in a social process that combines techniques and people to mutually benefit the organization and the employee?

A) bureaucratic
B) human relations
C) rational choice
D) organic

Question 10

Negative entropy is a process whereby the organization replenishes itself or stores energy or resources.

Question 11

Studies indicate that many police administrators are resistant to reducing the rank structure, consistent with a community policing philosophy.

Question 12

Contingency theory holds that organizations are embedded in an environment, and the environment places demands and pressures on the organization.

Question 13

Participatory management is similar to a classical organizational management approach.

Question 14

According to Argyris, an immature organizational personality consists, in part, of an immediate time orientation.

Question 15

According to the human relations philosophy, management is engaged in a social process that combines techniques and people to mutually benefit the organization and the employee.

Question 16

According to Theory Y, people are passive and resistant to change.

Question 17

When police departments focus inward, they often fail to identify public needs and adequately serve the public.

Question 18

Which of the following are found at the TOP of Maslow's hierarchy of needs?

A) physiological needs
B) security needs
C) self-actualizing needs
D) social needs

Question 19

Human relations theory is the foundation for American police systems.

Question 20

Human relations theory resulted from the introduction of what development?

A) the Hawthorne experiments in Chicago
B) Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory
C) McGregor's X and Y theory
D) all of these choices

Question 21

__________ management allows subordinates to participate in decision making.

Question 22

According to the __________ philosophy, management is engaged in a social process that combines techniques and people to mutually benefit the organization and the employee.

Question 23

Which theory implies that management must constantly control, punish, and manipulate employees?

A) Theory X
B) Theory Y
C) Theory Z
D) none of these choices

Question 24

__________ theory advises that organizations are embedded in an environment, and the environment places demands and pressures on the organization.

Question 25

Which of the following describes the need for belonging, love, and affection?

A) physiological needs
B) security needs
C) esteem needs
D) none of these choices

Question 26

What term describes the process whereby the organization replenishes itself or stores energy or resources?

A) entropy
B) negative entropy
C) feedback
D) equifinality

Question 27

What theory states that organizations change not to be more effective, but to give the appearance of effectiveness?

A) contingency theory
B) institutional theory
C) rational choice theory
D) linked technology theory

Question 28

McGregor's Theory __________ views man as by nature indolent.

Question 29

__________ is the process whereby the organization monitors the environment to gather information about environmental needs and the organization's performance.

Question 30

A long-linked technology in police work is seen when:

A) patrol performs the preliminary investigation of a crime
B) detectives complete the follow-up investigation
C) evidence technicians collect evidence at the scene
D) all of these choices

Question 31

__________ is a process whereby the organization replenishes itself or stores energy or resources.

Question 32

What theory advises that organizations are embedded in an environment, and the environment places demands and pressures on the organization resulting in change in operations and structure?

A) Theory X
B) human relations theory
C) contingency theory
D) participatory theory

Question 33

__________ theory states that organizations change not to be more effective, but to give the appearance of effectiveness.

Question 34

According to the open systems perspective, __________ are the various services a police department provides to the community.

Question 35

McGregor's Theory X postulated that:

A) The average man is by nature indolent.
B) The average man lacks ambition.
C) The average man is indifferent to organizational needs.
D) all of these choices

Question 36

According to Argyris, a mature organizational personality consists of:

A) passivity
B) limited behavioral options
C) lack of self-awareness
D) none of these choices

Question 37

When managers allow subordinates to participate in decision making and planning, particularly with regard to their own responsibilities and the operation of their own units, this is known as:

A) top-down management
B) organizational development
C) participatory management
D) devolution

Question 38

According to Maslow, __________ needs include the need for belonging.

Question 39

__________ refers to the ability to reach a final state by a variety of paths.

Question 40

What structure exists when activities are organized around core processes?

A) vertical structure
B) matrix structure
C) horizontal structure
D) team structure

Question 41

Summarize Maslow's contribution.

Question 42

Organizations that use __________ structures extensively use permanent and temporary teams to solve problems and deliver services.

Question 43

__________ [not the acronym] is a management orientation that ensures that the organization and its members are committed to continuous improvement and to completely meeting customer needs.

Question 44

Summarize the characteristics of an open system and define one of them in detail.

Question 45

Explain participatory management.

Question 46

__________ refers to the fact that police organizations must focus on the important rather than the mundane.

Question 47

The __________ structure is the structure used by police departments that are traditionally organized.

Question 48

As a management philosophy, total quality management is a vehicle for implementing __________ policing.

Question 49

How is systems theory related to contingency theory?

Question 50

What developments prompted the genesis of human relations theory?