Deck 3: Ethical, Professional, and Cross-Cultural Issues

Question 1

Which case was precedent-setting in terms of the importance of making sure that the clinician does all that is possible to assure a client does not harm himself or herself or another person?

A) Jaffee v. Redmond
B) Donaldson v. O'Connor
C) Borstein v. Borstein
D) Tarasoff
E) Two of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Clinicians can break confidentiality in all but which of the following?

A) When a client might harm self or other ("duty to warn")
B) Generally, when a child is a minor
C) If given permission by the client to break confidentiality
D) During supervision
E) When bound by law to break confidentiality (mandated reporting of child abuse)
F) When protected by privileged communication and subpoenaed by the court

Answer 2

F

Question 3

Morality is concerned with _______, ethics with _________.

A) conduct; the collectively agreed upon "correct behavior"
B) process of examining ethical behavior; conduct
C) behavior; what is legal and illegal
D) how we think about behavior; legal issues
E) religion; the process of examining moral behavior

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) does which of the following?

A) Allows access to information held in federal agencies
B) Assures parents the right to access their children's educational records
C) Assures the right to information about patient records, except for counseling process notes
D) Assures privacy of patient records
E) a and b
F) c and d

Question 5

The Jaffee v. Redmond case highlighted which of the following?

A) The importance of case law relative to breaking confidentiality and to assure that a client would not harm himself or herself or another
B) The right of all therapists to keep information confidential
C) The right of licensed therapists to privilege communication relative to case notes
D) The right of clients to obtain their records from federal agencies

Question 6

All but which of the following is a purpose of ethical codes?

A) To protect consumers and further the professional standing of organizations
B) As a statement of the maturity and professional identity of the profession
C) To guide professionals toward certain types of behaviors that reflect the underlying values considered important to the professional group
D) To provide a professional framework in the sometimes difficult ethical and professional decision-making process
E) As one measure of defense if the professional is sued for malpractice by offering a legal document one can take to court

Question 7

Which legislative action led to the release of individuals from around the country who were being held against their will in psychiatric hospitals?

A) Jaffee v. Redmond
B) The Buckley Amendment
C) Tarasoff
D) HIPAA
E) Donaldson v. O'Connor

Question 8

The Buckley Amendment (Family Education Rights and Privacy Act) does which of the following?

A) Allows access to information held in federal agencies
B) Assures parents the right to access their children's educational records
C) Assures the right to information about patient records, except for counseling process notes
D) Assures privacy of patient records
E) a and b
F) c and d

Question 9

Which is not true concerning clients from diverse backgrounds?

A) Counseling does not work for many clients from diverse backgrounds.
B) Minority clients are frequently misunderstood and misdiagnosed.
C) Minority clients find therapy less helpful than white clients.
D) Counselor-client cultural match does not increase the likelihood that counseling will be perceived more positively by a minority client.
E) Minority clients attend counseling at lower rates than whites.

Question 10

Relative to matching client problem with intervention strategy, which is correct?

A) Clinicians should always maintain one theoretical approach to be consistent throughout the relationship.
B) Ethical guidelines do not address the importance of keeping up on skills to assure optimal treatment.
C) It is best to have an array of intervention strategies so that the optimal technique can be matched to the client problem.

Question 11

Which of the following is not a step in the decision-making model of Corey, et al. (1998)?

A) Identify the problem
B) Identify the potential issues involved
C) Consult with the client concerning the issue
D) Review the relevant ethical guidelines
E) Obtain consultation
F) Consider possible courses of action
G) Enumerate the potential consequences of various courses of actions
H) Decide on what appears to be the best course of action

Question 12

Generally, managed care has done all but which of the following?

A) Limited the number of sessions for clients
B) Slowed down the rising cost of healthcare
C) Required greater accountability on the part of providers
D) Demanded great documentation
E) Increased the kinds and number of provider choices

Question 13

Which is true about the use of medication these days?

A) It has changed the application of helping skills at different stages of the relationship.
B) It has forced the clinician to always consider whether or not medication should be used.
C) It has forced all licensed therapists to gain prescription privileges.
D) Two of the above
E) Three of the above

Question 14

Developmental models of ethical decision making assume all of the following except:

A) Lower level thinking is dualistic and rigid
B) Higher level thinking is abstract and flexible
C) Lower level and higher level thinkers could come to the same conclusions
D) Higher level thinkers are likely to rely more on ethical codes than lower level thinkers
E) None of the above

Question 15

As defined by the text, which is not considered a critical ethical or legal issue?

A) SEQ CHAPTER Breach of confidentiality
B) Confidentiality of records
C) Privileged communication
D) Confinement against one's will
E) Supervision of clients
F) The importance of malpractice insurance when doing counseling

Question 16

Which of the following did Kitchener (1984) not suggest?

A) To promote consensus value making in ethical decision-making
B) To consider the autonomy of the client
C) To consider the beneficence of society
D) To assure nonmaleficense of people
E) To be just and fair
F) To show fidelity or faithfulness

Question 17

Rest suggests that:

A) Ethical decision making is a four-step process that begins with moral perceptions and ends with the decision.
B) One should gauge and select underlying moral principles in making ethical decisions.
C) Ethical decision making is less of a moral than a spiritual process.
D) All of the above

Question 18

All but which of the following were defined in the text as ethical "hotspots" which all ethical codes address in some manner?

A) Confidentiality
B) Competence
C) Power dynamics
D) Dual relationships as well as sexual relationships with clients
E) Inappropriate fee assessments
F) Informed consent
G) Misrepresentation of credentials

Question 19

The Freedom of Information Act does which of the following?

A) Allows access to information held in federal agencies
B) Assures parents the right to access their children's educational records
C) Assures the right to information about patient records, except for counseling process notes
D) Assures privacy of patient records
E) a and b
F) c and d

Question 20

Some of the limitations of ethical codes include all but which of the following?

A) There are many issues that cannot be handled in the context of a code.
B) Codes are often so rigid that the professional finds himself or herself with few options.
C) There is often no way to bring the interests of the client, patient, or research participant systematically into the code construction process.
D) There are parallel forums in which the issues in the code may be addressed with the results sometimes at odds with the findings of the code (e.g., in the courts).
E) There are possible conflicts between two codes, between the practitioner's values and code requirements, between the code and ordinary morality, between the code and institutional practice, and between requirements within a single code.

Question 21

The development of ethical codes is relatively new to the helping professions, with most codes of ethics being established within the past 50 years

Question 22

Moral behavior for a minister might be unethical behavior for a counselor.

Question 23

Parents probably have a legal right to view the counseling records of their children.

Question 24

Bartering with a poor client should be considered and is listed as one of the "best practices" when working with clients.

Question 25

Privileged communication is a conversation conducted with someone that state or federal law identifies as a person with whom conversations may be privileged-that is, legally kept confidential.

Question 26

Which of the following terms is correctly matched?
a. Eigenwelt-Cultural Commonality
b. Mitwelt-Human Universality
c. Umwelt-Individual uniqueness
d. None of the above are correctly matched
e. All of the above are correctly matched

Question 27

There is increasing evidence that mental health disorders are not based on biology or genetics.

Question 28

Clients do not have a right to view their counseling records.

Question 29

Evidence suggests that therapy and medication is probably better than therapy alone or medication alone in the treatment of depression.

Question 30

If clinicians are to ameliorate the problems that seem inherent to their work with minority clients, they must have:

A) an ever-increasing awareness of their own assumptions, values, and biases.
B) an understanding of the worldview of the culturally different client.
C) the ability to apply adequate intervention strategies when working with culturally different clients.
D) Two of the above
E) All of the above

Question 31

As per developmental theory, the clinician's skill at making ethical decisions tends to increase over time.

Question 32

Confidentiality is a legal right.

Question 33

Corey's seven-step model for making ethical decisions is considered a developmental model.