Deck 9: International Law and Human Rights

Question 1

The legal criteria by which a country leader could determine whether a war is just is known as jus in bello.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Studies show that improving women's status in society, especially education, is crucial to improving economic development and human development.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The United Nations serves as an international executive body with the power and resources to enforce international law.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Just war doctrine refers to the moral criteria identifying when a war may be undertaken and how it should be fought once it begins.

Question 5

Most indigenous groups around the world use violence to achieve their objective of devolution.

Question 6

No principle of international law is more important than the right of self-defense.

Question 7

The International Court of Justice is part of the UN.

Question 8

The principle of nonintervention prohibits one state from interfering in another state's internal affairs.

Question 9

Private international law regulates activities in the area of commerce, communications, and travel.

Question 10

Public international law covers issues of relations between states; between states and intergovernmental organizations; and between states and nongovernmental organizations.

Question 11

The international system lacks an executive body capable of enforcing legal rules.

Question 12

A large portion of the world's refugees flee their home countries because of domestic, ethnic, and religious conflict.

Question 13

Humanitarian intervention does not infringe on state sovereignty.

Question 14

One of the main UN Development indices used to measure global gender equality is the Gender Inequality Index (GII).

Question 15

Cosmopolitanism emphasizes international organizations over national political communities.

Question 16

The degree to which a state is democratic and protects civil liberties is a strong indication of its level of human development.

Question 17

All states have the right to sovereign equality and, therefore, have the right to the full respect of other states and equal protection under international law.

Question 18

There is now general consensus that ethics and morality play an important part in international relations.

Question 19

The concept of communitarianism in human rights emphasizes humankind rather than national communities.

Question 20

International law recognizes all forms of war as illegal.

Question 21

Which of the following is not a common third-party procedure used in international dispute resolutions.

A)Conciliation
B)Diplomatic recognition
C)Mediation
D)Arbitration
E)Adjudication

Question 22

Just war theorists argue that war is "just" when

A)it is waged for revenge against a perceived injustice.
B)force is used proportionally, even if the objective is morally suspect.
C)it is waged for the right reasons, even if there is no chance of success.
D)it is undertaken as a last resort.
E)it is sanctioned by the United Nations.

Question 23

Which of the following is not true of gender inequalities?

A)Women have less access to advanced study.
B)The gender gap in the Global South is greater than the gap in the Global North.
C)The gender gap in the Global North has been eliminated.
D)Women receive less pay than men for the same work.
E)All of the above are true regarding gender inequalities.

Question 24

Devolution refers to

A)the breakdown of civil society leading to a failed state.
B)the disintegration of a supranational organization.
C)deliberate transfer of powers held by a central government to regional or nonstate bodies to increase local self-government.
D)the extermination of an ethnic minority group by the state.
E)None of the above is true.

Question 25

Which of the following best describes the goal of most indigenous groups?

A)Independence to form their own separate nation
B)More political power over policies and resources in the country in which they reside
C)To overthrow the existing government and take control
D)To migrate to a country that provides protection for minorities
E)All of the above are goals of indigenous groups.

Question 26

One example of indigenous peoples who have successfully obtained local self-governance is

A)the Chechens in Russia.
B)the Albanians in Italy.
C)the Miskitos in Nicaragua.
D)the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia.
E)the Kurds in Turkey.

Question 27

What fraction of the states has never appeared before the International Court of Justice?

A)One-fourth
B)One-third
C)One-half
D)Two-thirds
E)Three-fourths

Question 28

The process by which third party intermediaries participate in negotiations between the parties to a dispute is known as

A)adjudication.
B)diplomacy.
C)reciprocity.
D)mediation.
E)arbitration.

Question 29

According to the just war doctrine, a just cause is defined as a state using force

A)for a morally good objective.
B)to correct a past wrong.
C)only after all other means of resolving conflict have been exhausted.
D)as a means of revenge.
E)None of the above is true.

Question 30

Public international law includes

A)relations between governments.
B)relations between governments and intergovernmental organizations.
C)transnational activities, like commerce.
D)Both options a and b are true.
E)All of the above are true.

Question 31

The term "just war" originated with

A)Plato.
B)Aristotle.
C)St.Augustine.
D)Karl Marx.
E)Hugo Grotius.

Question 32

All except which of the following are part of the five categories of human rights?

A)Rights of the person
B)Political rights
C)Right of return
D)Economic and social rights
E)Rights of communities

Question 33

The sources of international law include

A)custom.
B)international agreements.
C)national court decisions.
D)Both options a and b are true.
E)All of the above are true.

Question 34

What is the term for "the granting of political power to ethnopolitical groups within a state?"

A)Diplomatic recognition
B)Communitarianism
C)Human security
D)Devolution
E)Responsibility to Protect

Question 35

The use of peacekeeping-forces by foreign states or international organizations to protect endangered people from gross violations of human rights is called

A)peacekeeping.
B)humanitarian intervention.
C)coercion.
D)diplomatic intervention.
E)invasion.

Question 36

Conflict management procedures include all of the following except

A)good offices.
B)conciliation.
C)arbitration.
D)adjudication.
E)All of the above are conflict management procedures.

Question 37

After the 2008 cyclone in Myanmar, the international community was unable to help the people of that country under the principle of Responsibility to Protect because

A)the government of Myanmar was unwilling to accept aid.
B)natural disasters are not covered under the scope of the Responsibility to Protect.
C)the UN had sanctions against Myanmar.
D)there was no "Just War" involved.
E)Both options c and d are true.

Question 38

Which of the following is not an example of an attempted genocide?

A)Palestinians by Israel
B)Tutsi of Rwanda by the Hutu
C)Jews by Hitler
D)Armenians by the Turks
E)Cambodians by the Khmer Rouge

Question 39

The political and civil liberties recognized by international law as inalienable and valid for individuals in all countries by virtue of their humanity are

A)legal status.
B)jus cogens.
C)human rights.
D)social needs.
E)life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

Question 40

The deliberate extermination of an ethnic or minority group is

A)devolution.
B)genocide.
C)ethnic division.
D)Balkanization.
E)ethnocentrism.

Question 41

If all ethnopolitical groups in the world were granted political power, would it result in greater freedom or anarchy? What policies should states pursue regarding ethnopolitical groups' claims to power?

Question 42

How a state treats its own citizens used to be its own business.Now, members of the international community are claiming that the humane treatment of individuals is fundamental to human rights.Are there such things as universal human rights? What should they include? Why do you think the United States hasn't ratified the International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights?

Question 43

Although international law is widely criticized as ineffective, no legal system is foolproof.In fact, there is some evidence that international law is more effective in prohibiting interstate violence than more sophisticated systems are in preventing interstate violence.Is criticism of international law fair? Should other mechanisms of evaluation be developed? What might those mechanisms look like?

Question 44

Given the fact that international law reflects the prevailing norms of the international system at a given time, what could you surmise about the current norms, given the fact that individual rights are shifting to replace the rights of states as the highest priority?

Question 45

Gross national product, per capita GNP, and their growth rates are the measures traditionally used to assess development.What are the limitations of these measures? How does the human development index (HDI) measure development? How does this give us a better understanding of how the people are faring?

Question 46

Liberal theorists believe that negotiation is a preferable way to resolve international disputes than coercive diplomacy.What are the various methods of negotiations that are used? What are the benefits and drawbacks of negotiation?

Question 47

Gender empowerment is based on the conviction that only when women are given full rights and equal protection can true human development take place.Discuss the ways in which women are marginalized in many societies.Why is it so difficult to change attitudes towards women? Discuss differences in treatment of women in different parts of the world.

Question 48

What are the conditions that must be met in order for a war to be considered "just?" Was the 2003 war that the United States waged against Iraq just, based on these criteria? How does terrorism affect attempting to wage jus ad bellum? How about jus in bello?

Question 49

Some people would argue that given state sovereignty, intervention in the domestic affairs of another state is never justified.Others argue that with sovereignty comes responsibilities, and when a state violates the rights of its people, it has abdicated its right to sovereignty.When, if ever, is humanitarian intervention justified?

Question 50

Define the six conditions of the just war doctrine.Discuss a war in which America was involved that justified all the criteria for a just war.Are there ever conditions under which the United States should not adhere to the just war doctrine? Explain.