Deck 3: Settling the Northern Colonies 1619-1700

Question 1

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Whereas it is… essential to our Interest,and the Security of our Colonies,that the several Nations or Tribes of Indians ...who live under our Protection,should not be molested or disturbed ...--We do therefore,...declare it to be our Royal Will and Pleasure...for the use of the said Indians,[to be reserved] all the Lands and Territories ...lying to the Westward of the Sources of the Rivers [along the Appalachian Mountains] which fall into the Sea....And We do hereby strictly forbid… all our loving Subjects from… taking Possession of any of the Lands above reserved…"
The Royal Proclamation,King George III,October 1763
Which of the following best explains why British colonists would have been frustrated by the Proclamation above?

A) Population growth in the British colonies led many to seek land along the frontier between British territory and traditional tribal lands.
B) Increased attempts to regulate the colonial economy led many colonists to protest British rule.
C) Nationalist desires to compete with the French drove many colonists to attempt to expand Northward.
D) Repeated Native American raids of colonial outposts led to significant hostility among British colonists towards the Native Americans.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Whereas it is… essential to our Interest,and the Security of our Colonies,that the several Nations or Tribes of Indians ...who live under our Protection,should not be molested or disturbed ...--We do therefore,...declare it to be our Royal Will and Pleasure...for the use of the said Indians,[to be reserved] all the Lands and Territories ...lying to the Westward of the Sources of the Rivers [along the Appalachian Mountains] which fall into the Sea....And We do hereby strictly forbid… all our loving Subjects from… taking Possession of any of the Lands above reserved…"
The Royal Proclamation,King George III,October 1763
The intent of the Proclamation above was to

A) expand British trade networks into French territories.
B) limit colonial encroachment on traditional tribal lands.
C) create a political alliance with Native American confederacies.
D) reduce the impact of French settlers in New England.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"As the frontier of white settlement expanded westward and Iroquois war parties followed the warrior path to the southeastern tribes,the two forces inevitably clashed...But [the English] wanted the confederacy tied to the British interest exclusively…[and accepted that in the short term] an accommodation [treaty] would prove cheaper than a war… That summer of 1760 witnessed a high watermark in Indian affairs. Canada passed into English hands;the ancient regime ceased to rule New France… English traders no longer had French rivals… The Six Nations and their tributaries had fallen from the position of balancing power between rival nations."
William Nelson Fenton,The Great Law and the Longhouse: A Political History of the Iroquois Confederacy,1998
The alliance of the Six Nations tribes in the Iroquois Confederacy served to

A) improve the economic stability of the tribes' trade agreements.
B) use their collective strength to improve their bargaining power with the Europeans.
C) reduce the amount of conflict with white settlers on the frontier.
D) reduce the impact of disease on the various tribes.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"As the frontier of white settlement expanded westward and Iroquois war parties followed the warrior path to the southeastern tribes,the two forces inevitably clashed...But [the English] wanted the confederacy tied to the British interest exclusively…[and accepted that in the short term] an accommodation [treaty] would prove cheaper than a war… That summer of 1760 witnessed a high watermark in Indian affairs. Canada passed into English hands;the ancient regime ceased to rule New France… English traders no longer had French rivals… The Six Nations and their tributaries had fallen from the position of balancing power between rival nations."
William Nelson Fenton,The Great Law and the Longhouse: A Political History of the Iroquois Confederacy,1998
The presence of both the British and French in the territory of the Iroquois changed Native American society by

A) intensifying conflict over land in Iroquois territory.
B) limiting the impact of white settlers because the imperial powers kept one another in check.
C) deepening the resolve of the Native Americans to avoid contact with the Europeans.
D) pushing the Iroquois into closer trade relations with the French.

Question 5

The following questions are based on the image below.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art/Art Resource,NY
Washington Crossing the Delaware,Emanuel Leutze,1851
The troops mustered by the American Continental Army were generally motivated by a belief in

A) free trade as a means to economic success.
B) the significance of the rights of the individual.
C) the demise of the aristocracy.
D) the British imperial system.

Question 6

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"With a good deal of surprise I have observed that little notice has been taken of an act of Parliament...If the Parliament may lawfully deprive New York of any of her rights,it may deprive any or all the other colonies of their rights;and nothing can possibly so much encourage such attempts as a mutual inattention to the interest of each other.To divide and thus to destroy is the first political maxim in attacking those who are powerful by their union.He certainly is not a wise man who folds his arms and reposes himself at home,seeing with unconcern the flames that have invaded his neighbor's house without using any endeavors to extinguish them."
Letter from a Pennsylvania Farmer,The Boston Chronicle,1767
The Pennsylvania Farmer's complaint about the actions of the British can best be explained by the American belief in

A) hereditary privilege of the self-governing colonists.
B) the religious justification for British supremacy.
C) the inviolability of natural rights.
D) the necessity of union among the British North American colonists.

Question 7

The following questions are based on the excerpt below.
"In the history of revolutions around the world,the moderation of the American leaders is almost unique...American revolutionary leaders were...familiar with the political theories of the day.But in addition to those theories,they had also acquired experience in the give-and-take of ordinary politics ...The leaders of the French Revolution were also well schooled in political theory,but they had virtually no practical experience in politics to temper those theories… [as' the French people had been excluded from participation in government...The stage was set for the downfall of their revolution when the French rejected not only the self-restraint and moderation of the American leaders but also their insistence on due process and the inviolability of individual rights."
Susan Dunn,"Advice (Not Taken)for the French Revolution from America," History Now,2012
America's reaction to the French Revolution marks the beginning of a period characterized by

A) the United States' role as a global leader.
B) the United States' military superiority.
C) the United States' attempts at maintaining neutrality.
D) the United States' alliance with France.

Question 8

The following questions are based on the excerpt below.
"In the history of revolutions around the world,the moderation of the American leaders is almost unique...American revolutionary leaders were...familiar with the political theories of the day.But in addition to those theories,they had also acquired experience in the give-and-take of ordinary politics ...The leaders of the French Revolution were also well schooled in political theory,but they had virtually no practical experience in politics to temper those theories… [as' the French people had been excluded from participation in government...The stage was set for the downfall of their revolution when the French rejected not only the self-restraint and moderation of the American leaders but also their insistence on due process and the inviolability of individual rights."
Susan Dunn,"Advice (Not Taken)for the French Revolution from America," History Now,2012
Because of the nature of the French Revolution,American conservatives

A) insisted upon avoiding permanent foreign alliances.
B) advocated liberalizing the American political system to be more inclusive of the common man.
C) sought to compromise with members of the political opposition.
D) expanded the nation's trade agreements with the French.

Question 9

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"As the frontier of white settlement expanded westward and Iroquois war parties followed the warrior path to the southeastern tribes,the two forces inevitably clashed...But [the English] wanted the confederacy tied to the British interest exclusively…[and accepted that in the short term] an accommodation [treaty] would prove cheaper than a war… That summer of 1760 witnessed a high watermark in Indian affairs. Canada passed into English hands;the ancient regime ceased to rule New France… English traders no longer had French rivals… The Six Nations and their tributaries had fallen from the position of balancing power between rival nations."
William Nelson Fenton,The Great Law and the Longhouse: A Political History of the Iroquois Confederacy,1998
Following the French withdrawal from North America,the Iroquois would find themselves

A) with well-established and protected borders.
B) in conflict with the encroaching British colonists.
C) at war with tribes that had formerly been allied with the French.
D) isolated from their traditional allies.

Question 10

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"With a good deal of surprise I have observed that little notice has been taken of an act of Parliament...If the Parliament may lawfully deprive New York of any of her rights,it may deprive any or all the other colonies of their rights;and nothing can possibly so much encourage such attempts as a mutual inattention to the interest of each other.To divide and thus to destroy is the first political maxim in attacking those who are powerful by their union.He certainly is not a wise man who folds his arms and reposes himself at home,seeing with unconcern the flames that have invaded his neighbor's house without using any endeavors to extinguish them."
Letter from a Pennsylvania Farmer,The Boston Chronicle,1767
The Pennsylvania Farmer's reference to the acts of Parliament concerning the colony of New York reveal

A) the development of a sense of common identity among the American colonists.
B) the shared economic interests of New York merchants and Pennsylvania farmers.
C) the extent of British military dominance over the American colonies.
D) the influence of radical colonial elites on the consciousness of the American colonies.

Question 11

The following questions are based on the excerpt below.
"In the history of revolutions around the world,the moderation of the American leaders is almost unique...American revolutionary leaders were...familiar with the political theories of the day.But in addition to those theories,they had also acquired experience in the give-and-take of ordinary politics ...The leaders of the French Revolution were also well schooled in political theory,but they had virtually no practical experience in politics to temper those theories… [as' the French people had been excluded from participation in government...The stage was set for the downfall of their revolution when the French rejected not only the self-restraint and moderation of the American leaders but also their insistence on due process and the inviolability of individual rights."
Susan Dunn,"Advice (Not Taken)for the French Revolution from America," History Now,2012
The character of the American Revolution and earliest American government,as described here,can most closely be attributed to

A) America's rejection of the writings of radical philosophers.
B) Americans' commitment to establishing a centralized government.
C) the colonies' strong political ties to the British system of hereditary privilege.
D) America's belief in the Enlightenment principles of limited government and individual liberty.

Question 12

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Whereas it is… essential to our Interest,and the Security of our Colonies,that the several Nations or Tribes of Indians ...who live under our Protection,should not be molested or disturbed ...--We do therefore,...declare it to be our Royal Will and Pleasure...for the use of the said Indians,[to be reserved] all the Lands and Territories ...lying to the Westward of the Sources of the Rivers [along the Appalachian Mountains] which fall into the Sea....And We do hereby strictly forbid… all our loving Subjects from… taking Possession of any of the Lands above reserved…"
The Royal Proclamation,King George III,October 1763
The Proclamation above sought to address British-Indian relations following the conclusion of

A) the French and Indian (Seven Years') War.
B) the American Revolution.
C) the Pueblo Revolt.
D) the Atlantic slave trade.

Question 13

The following questions are based on the excerpt below.
"From decades of debate on the colonists' right to self-government,popular sovereignty had emerged as the basic principle of legitimate government. But how was this principle to be realized in practice? ...Whig social contract theory specified that sovereignty resided in the will of the majority of the participants in the contract,limited only by the individual member's right to life,liberty,and property. Applied to the colonies,the question was,who were the legitimate participants in the new polity based on contract?"
Willi Paul Adams,The First American Constitutions,1980
What was generally accepted as a necessary qualification for the rights of citizenship in the first few decades of United States' government?

A) Membership in the Federalist Party
B) Participation in the American Revolution
C) Ownership of property
D) Having been born in territories of the United States

Question 14

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Whereas it is… essential to our Interest,and the Security of our Colonies,that the several Nations or Tribes of Indians ...who live under our Protection,should not be molested or disturbed ...--We do therefore,...declare it to be our Royal Will and Pleasure...for the use of the said Indians,[to be reserved] all the Lands and Territories ...lying to the Westward of the Sources of the Rivers [along the Appalachian Mountains] which fall into the Sea....And We do hereby strictly forbid… all our loving Subjects from… taking Possession of any of the Lands above reserved…"
The Royal Proclamation,King George III,October 1763
British Proclamations like this one directly led to

A) the development of a series of alliances between the British colonists and neighboring Native American tribes.
B) open warfare between the British colonists and their French counterparts.
C) a growing sense of American identity in the face of perceived injustices.
D) an increase in the economic profitability of the British colonies in North America.

Question 15

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"With a good deal of surprise I have observed that little notice has been taken of an act of Parliament...If the Parliament may lawfully deprive New York of any of her rights,it may deprive any or all the other colonies of their rights;and nothing can possibly so much encourage such attempts as a mutual inattention to the interest of each other.To divide and thus to destroy is the first political maxim in attacking those who are powerful by their union.He certainly is not a wise man who folds his arms and reposes himself at home,seeing with unconcern the flames that have invaded his neighbor's house without using any endeavors to extinguish them."
Letter from a Pennsylvania Farmer,The Boston Chronicle,1767
Which of the following best explains the colonists' eventual decision to declare independence from the British in the wake of publications like this one?

A) By 1776, colonists perceived the British government as being abusive of the colonists' rights as English citizens.
B) Following the Seven Years' War, the colonists perceived themselves as a vital part of the British Empire.
C) In the late eighteenth century, the colonists felt secure in their economic well-being.
D) By the time of the publication of this work, the colonies nearly unanimously supported the notion of independence.

Question 16

The following questions are based on the excerpt below.
"From decades of debate on the colonists' right to self-government,popular sovereignty had emerged as the basic principle of legitimate government. But how was this principle to be realized in practice? ...Whig social contract theory specified that sovereignty resided in the will of the majority of the participants in the contract,limited only by the individual member's right to life,liberty,and property. Applied to the colonies,the question was,who were the legitimate participants in the new polity based on contract?"
Willi Paul Adams,The First American Constitutions,1980
Which of the following would have argued most energetically in support of a limited definition of the legitimate participants in government?

A) Enlightenment philosophers
B) Thomas Paine
C) Frontiersmen
D) The Federalists

Question 17

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"With a good deal of surprise I have observed that little notice has been taken of an act of Parliament...If the Parliament may lawfully deprive New York of any of her rights,it may deprive any or all the other colonies of their rights;and nothing can possibly so much encourage such attempts as a mutual inattention to the interest of each other.To divide and thus to destroy is the first political maxim in attacking those who are powerful by their union.He certainly is not a wise man who folds his arms and reposes himself at home,seeing with unconcern the flames that have invaded his neighbor's house without using any endeavors to extinguish them."
Letter from a Pennsylvania Farmer,The Boston Chronicle,1767
The language used in the passage above suggests the influence of

A) the Seven Years' War.
B) Mercantilism.
C) the Enlightenment.
D) Regionalism.

Question 18

The following questions are based on the excerpt below.
"In the history of revolutions around the world,the moderation of the American leaders is almost unique...American revolutionary leaders were...familiar with the political theories of the day.But in addition to those theories,they had also acquired experience in the give-and-take of ordinary politics ...The leaders of the French Revolution were also well schooled in political theory,but they had virtually no practical experience in politics to temper those theories… [as' the French people had been excluded from participation in government...The stage was set for the downfall of their revolution when the French rejected not only the self-restraint and moderation of the American leaders but also their insistence on due process and the inviolability of individual rights."
Susan Dunn,"Advice (Not Taken)for the French Revolution from America," History Now,2012
Which of the following best explains the impact of the character of the French Revolution,as described here,in the newly-formed United States?

A) It led to rising support for international involvement.
B) It fueled the debate over the character of democratic politics.
C) It pushed the United States into exclusive ties with Great Britain.
D) It shook American confidence in the ideas of the Enlightenment.

Question 19

The following questions are based on the image below.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art/Art Resource,NY
Washington Crossing the Delaware,Emanuel Leutze,1851
This painting commemorates a turning point in the Revolutionary War by emphasizing which of the following as a significant reason for the ultimate American victory?

A) Overwhelming support of European allies
B) The development of unity among nearly all American colonists
C) Resilient and resourceful military and political leadership
D) Monetary advantages over the British, who had to maintain long and expensive supply lines

Question 20

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"As the frontier of white settlement expanded westward and Iroquois war parties followed the warrior path to the southeastern tribes,the two forces inevitably clashed...But [the English] wanted the confederacy tied to the British interest exclusively…[and accepted that in the short term] an accommodation [treaty] would prove cheaper than a war… That summer of 1760 witnessed a high watermark in Indian affairs. Canada passed into English hands;the ancient regime ceased to rule New France… English traders no longer had French rivals… The Six Nations and their tributaries had fallen from the position of balancing power between rival nations."
William Nelson Fenton,The Great Law and the Longhouse: A Political History of the Iroquois Confederacy,1998
Which of the following motivations best explains the Iroquois willingness to enter into agreements with the British?

A) To disrupt French fur trading networks in traditional Iroquois hunting grounds
B) To support the expansion of white settlements on terms favorable to the tribe
C) To allow for cultural assimilation between the Iroquois and the British colonists
D) To use the alliance to establish a basis for protecting tribal land claims

Question 21

The following questions are based on the excerpt below.
"From decades of debate on the colonists' right to self-government,popular sovereignty had emerged as the basic principle of legitimate government. But how was this principle to be realized in practice? ...Whig social contract theory specified that sovereignty resided in the will of the majority of the participants in the contract,limited only by the individual member's right to life,liberty,and property. Applied to the colonies,the question was,who were the legitimate participants in the new polity based on contract?"
Willi Paul Adams,The First American Constitutions,1980
Which of the following most directly contradicts the founding principles described in the passage?

A) The Constitution's failure to resolve conflicts between American Indian tribes and the government
B) The development of the idea of "republican motherhood"
C) The formation of political parties in response to controversy in the early republic
D) The growth of slavery in the lower South

Question 22

The following questions refer to the passage below.
"...Is there one person of understanding & reflection among you who will not admit that every consideration of justice,humanity,and safety,forbids that any more Negroes should be brought into your state,and yet it is well known that the avarice of your citizens,and the rage for acquiring that property has broke through all legal restrictions,...Trust not on your Eastern friends for aid,if you do not enforce righteous measures for your own safety;...Already they begin to resist that principle in the Constitution which admits the Negroes of the Southern States to increase the number of Representatives in the Congress of the United States."
William Few,Letter to Georgia Governor Edward Telfair,1804
The content of this letter reflects the conflict between

A) proponents of local government and those that advocated for a stronger national government.
B) the emotional tone of the Protestant revival of the 1730s and the reason-based Enlightenment.
C) the varying regional attitudes over economic, social, and moral policy decisions.
D) Native Americans and the ever growing tide of white settlers on the frontier.

Question 23

The following questions are based on the map below.

2016 Cengage Learning
Western Land Cessions to the United States,1782-1802
Which of the following is true of the territories ceded by the various states?

A) The territories were strongly influenced by the French colonies in the area.
B) The territories were effectively organized by the national government.
C) The territories were threatened by Spanish colonial expansion.
D) The territories had a very small white population and were primarily occupied by Native Americans.

Question 24

The following questions are based on the map below.

2016 Cengage Learning
Western Land Cessions to the United States,1782-1802
Which of the following policies was adopted with the specific intention of incorporating these territories into the United States?

A) the Articles of Confederation
B) the Northwest Ordinance
C) the Bill of Rights
D) the Louisiana Purchase

Question 25

The following questions are based on the excerpt below.
"Behold you then,...establishing the liberties of your country...may heaven favor your cause,and make you the channel thro'which it may pour it's [sic] favors while you are exterminating the monster aristocracy,& pulling out the teeth & fangs...What are you doing for your colonies? They will be lost if not more effectually succoured.Indeed no future efforts you can make will ever be able to reduce the blacks... We as sincerely wish their restoration,and their connection with you,...satisfied that neither your justice nor their distresses will ever again permit their being forced to seek at dear & distant markets those first necessaries of life which they may have at cheaper markets placed by nature at their door,& formed by her for their support."
Thomas Jefferson,letter to the Marquis de Lafayette
in response to the French (and Haitian)Revolution,1791
Debate in the United States over world events like those mentioned in the passage led to

A) the demise of the Articles of Confederation.
B) the development of political parties.
C) the accelerating settlement of the American frontier.
D) the adoption of the Bill of Rights.

Question 26

The following questions are based on the excerpt below.
"There is I think great danger that [the new United States government] will be [a failure] unless the tottering system shall be supported by arms...
What is the cause of this commotion [in Western Massachusetts]? [The farmers] just complained of commutation,of the weight of the public taxes,of the insupportable debt of the union,of the scarcity of money,and of the cruelty of suffering the private creditors to call for their just dues....The proportion of debtors run high in this State.Too many of them are against the government.The men of property,and the holders of the public securities are generally abettors of our present constitution."
Benjamin Lincoln,letter to George Washington,1786
The internal unrest described in this passage would most directly lead to

A) violent conflict between the Americans and the Native Americans.
B) calls for the development of a stronger central government.
C) the American Revolution and the political separation of the colonies and Great Britain.
D) the development of distinct political parties.

Question 27

The following questions are based on the excerpt below.
"Behold you then,...establishing the liberties of your country...may heaven favor your cause,and make you the channel thro'which it may pour it's [sic] favors while you are exterminating the monster aristocracy,& pulling out the teeth & fangs...What are you doing for your colonies? They will be lost if not more effectually succoured.Indeed no future efforts you can make will ever be able to reduce the blacks... We as sincerely wish their restoration,and their connection with you,...satisfied that neither your justice nor their distresses will ever again permit their being forced to seek at dear & distant markets those first necessaries of life which they may have at cheaper markets placed by nature at their door,& formed by her for their support."
Thomas Jefferson,letter to the Marquis de Lafayette
in response to the French (and Haitian)Revolution,1791
The passage above demonstrates that

A) America's commitment to democracy led it to extend aid to the revolutionaries of France.
B) the ideals of liberty and equality set forth in the American Revolution had reverberations in many places around the world.
C) the support of the French was vital to the Americans' success during the Revolution.
D) the French Revolution helped to convince many Americans of the need for a centralized power.

Question 28

The following questions refer to the passage below.
"...Is there one person of understanding & reflection among you who will not admit that every consideration of justice,humanity,and safety,forbids that any more Negroes should be brought into your state,and yet it is well known that the avarice of your citizens,and the rage for acquiring that property has broke through all legal restrictions,...Trust not on your Eastern friends for aid,if you do not enforce righteous measures for your own safety;...Already they begin to resist that principle in the Constitution which admits the Negroes of the Southern States to increase the number of Representatives in the Congress of the United States."
William Few,Letter to Georgia Governor Edward Telfair,1804
Which of the following best explains the impact of the United States' Constitution on the issue addressed in the letter above?

A) By postponing a definite solution to the question of slavery, the Constitution established the grounds for conflict that would continue until resolved by the Civil War.
B) By addressing the needs of the slave-based Southern economies, the Constitution preserved the regional differences that had defined the colonial era.
C) By allowing the slave states to dominate the United States government, the Constitution encouraged the growth of the slave trade.
D) By severely limiting the rights of slaveholders, the Constitution attempted to abide by Revolutionary ideals of freedom without dividing the infant nation.

Question 29

The following questions are based on the excerpt below.
"Behold you then,...establishing the liberties of your country...may heaven favor your cause,and make you the channel thro'which it may pour it's [sic] favors while you are exterminating the monster aristocracy,& pulling out the teeth & fangs...What are you doing for your colonies? They will be lost if not more effectually succoured.Indeed no future efforts you can make will ever be able to reduce the blacks... We as sincerely wish their restoration,and their connection with you,...satisfied that neither your justice nor their distresses will ever again permit their being forced to seek at dear & distant markets those first necessaries of life which they may have at cheaper markets placed by nature at their door,& formed by her for their support."
Thomas Jefferson,letter to the Marquis de Lafayette
in response to the French (and Haitian)Revolution,1791
Unlike the American Revolution,the French Revolution

A) was unsuccessful in eliminating the power of the monarch.
B) relied heavily on international alliances for its success.
C) used Enlightenment philosophies to justify the rebellion.
D) was unafraid of the excesses of popular rule.

Question 30

The following questions are based on the excerpt below.
"There is I think great danger that [the new United States government] will be [a failure] unless the tottering system shall be supported by arms...
What is the cause of this commotion [in Western Massachusetts]? [The farmers] just complained of commutation,of the weight of the public taxes,of the insupportable debt of the union,of the scarcity of money,and of the cruelty of suffering the private creditors to call for their just dues....The proportion of debtors run high in this State.Too many of them are against the government.The men of property,and the holders of the public securities are generally abettors of our present constitution."
Benjamin Lincoln,letter to George Washington,1786
This conflict described in this letter reveals the tension between

A) frontiersmen and the elites over the role of government.
B) white settlers and the Native Americans over trade agreements.
C) British Loyalists and American revolutionaries over the legacy of the Revolution.
D) Northern and Southern colonists over the nation's economic policies.

Question 31

The following questions are based on the image below.

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division [LC-USZC4-538]
Acts of protest like the one pictured above occurred in response to

A) colonists' perception of British policies designed to re-assert political and economic control over the colonies.
B) citizens' fears that the government could not protect the borders from Native American attacks.
C) popular frustrations over the persistence of elitism in colonial governments.
D) anger over the use of protest in what many considered a political debate between the colonists and the British government.

Question 32

The following questions are based on the map below.

2016 Cengage Learning
Western Land Cessions to the United States,1782-1802
The expansion of American influence into the territories ceded by the states led to

A) the expansion of slavery.
B) a balance of power with European competitors in North America.
C) conflict with Native American tribes over land use.
D) a crisis in the nation's system of republican government.

Question 33

The following questions are based on the image below.

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division [LC-USZC4-538]
Colonial protests were generally organized by

A) loyalists.
B) women.
C) religious leaders.
D) colonial elites.

Question 34

The following questions refer to the passage below.
"...Is there one person of understanding & reflection among you who will not admit that every consideration of justice,humanity,and safety,forbids that any more Negroes should be brought into your state,and yet it is well known that the avarice of your citizens,and the rage for acquiring that property has broke through all legal restrictions,...Trust not on your Eastern friends for aid,if you do not enforce righteous measures for your own safety;...Already they begin to resist that principle in the Constitution which admits the Negroes of the Southern States to increase the number of Representatives in the Congress of the United States."
William Few,Letter to Georgia Governor Edward Telfair,1804
Which of the following debates reveals the continuation of the conflict addressed in the letter above?

A) The debate over the ratification of the Constitution
B) The debate over the rights of the Native Americans on the frontier
C) The debate over the role of women in American society
D) The debate over the expansion of slavery into the territories

Question 35

The following questions are based on the excerpt below.
"From decades of debate on the colonists' right to self-government,popular sovereignty had emerged as the basic principle of legitimate government. But how was this principle to be realized in practice? ...Whig social contract theory specified that sovereignty resided in the will of the majority of the participants in the contract,limited only by the individual member's right to life,liberty,and property. Applied to the colonies,the question was,who were the legitimate participants in the new polity based on contract?"
Willi Paul Adams,The First American Constitutions,1980
Which of the following political features of American government is best explained by the description of founding principles in the passage above?

A) The concentration of power in the hands of the legislatures
B) The limitations placed on the power of the executive
C) The decision not to include a Bill of Rights in the original Constitution
D) The abolition of the slave trade

Question 36

The following questions are based on the excerpt below.
"There is I think great danger that [the new United States government] will be [a failure] unless the tottering system shall be supported by arms...
What is the cause of this commotion [in Western Massachusetts]? [The farmers] just complained of commutation,of the weight of the public taxes,of the insupportable debt of the union,of the scarcity of money,and of the cruelty of suffering the private creditors to call for their just dues....The proportion of debtors run high in this State.Too many of them are against the government.The men of property,and the holders of the public securities are generally abettors of our present constitution."
Benjamin Lincoln,letter to George Washington,1786
The political and economic ideas of the farmers described in this passage were most likely developed because of

A) the farmers' successful experience with utopian societies.
B) the farmer's good relations with the Native Americans.
C) the cultural distinctiveness of the backcountry as compared to the urbanizing areas.
D) the region's reliance upon the credit from Great Britain.

Question 37

The following questions are based on the image below.

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division [LC-USZC4-538]
The British response to events like the one pictured here

A) helped consolidate European support for the British crown.
B) were based on the British commitment to the Enlightenment.
C) attempted to counteract the colonists financial advantages.
D) strengthened the resolve of more colonists to resist British policies.

Question 38

The following questions are based on the excerpt below.
"Behold you then,...establishing the liberties of your country...may heaven favor your cause,and make you the channel thro'which it may pour it's [sic] favors while you are exterminating the monster aristocracy,& pulling out the teeth & fangs...What are you doing for your colonies? They will be lost if not more effectually succoured.Indeed no future efforts you can make will ever be able to reduce the blacks... We as sincerely wish their restoration,and their connection with you,...satisfied that neither your justice nor their distresses will ever again permit their being forced to seek at dear & distant markets those first necessaries of life which they may have at cheaper markets placed by nature at their door,& formed by her for their support."
Thomas Jefferson,letter to the Marquis de Lafayette
in response to the French (and Haitian)Revolution,1791
Which of the following best characterizes the American government's reaction to the issues described in the passage?

A) America's leaders called on the nation to avoid permanent alliances with foreign countries.
B) The United States leaned increasingly towards an alliance with the British.
C) Congressional leaders attempted to abolish slavery in the United States.
D) America established a series of restrictive trade barriers.

Question 39

The following questions are based on the excerpt below.
"There is I think great danger that [the new United States government] will be [a failure] unless the tottering system shall be supported by arms...
What is the cause of this commotion [in Western Massachusetts]? [The farmers] just complained of commutation,of the weight of the public taxes,of the insupportable debt of the union,of the scarcity of money,and of the cruelty of suffering the private creditors to call for their just dues....The proportion of debtors run high in this State.Too many of them are against the government.The men of property,and the holders of the public securities are generally abettors of our present constitution."
Benjamin Lincoln,letter to George Washington,1786
The conflict described in the passage most nearly reflects similar debates during

A) the Civil War, over the powers of the national government.
B) the Gilded Age, over the state of the nation's currency policies.
C) the Great Depression, over the nature of federal work relief programs.
D) the 1950s, over the rise of consumerism.

Question 40

The following questions are based on the excerpt below.
"From decades of debate on the colonists' right to self-government,popular sovereignty had emerged as the basic principle of legitimate government. But how was this principle to be realized in practice? ...Whig social contract theory specified that sovereignty resided in the will of the majority of the participants in the contract,limited only by the individual member's right to life,liberty,and property. Applied to the colonies,the question was,who were the legitimate participants in the new polity based on contract?"
Willi Paul Adams,The First American Constitutions,1980
During which of the following periods was the practical definition of legitimate participants as referenced in the passage expanded the most significantly?

A) Following the Second Great Awakening
B) During Reconstruction
C) Following the First World War
D) During the Cold War

Question 41

The following questions are based on the image below.

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division[LC-USZ62-44892]
Molly Pitcher,i.e.Molly McCauley,loading cannon at the Battle of Monmouth,1778
Works of art such as this one emphasized

A) the idealization of women's role in the American political society.
B) the impact of inequality on the war effort.
C) the commitment of the new nation to providing equal citizenship rights for all Americans.
D) enduring hostilities toward the British, even after the end of the war.

Question 42

The following questions are based on the map below.

2016 Cengage Learning
Western Land Cessions to the United States,1782-1802
The national government's policies concerning the lands ceded by the states would most directly feed into

A) the debate over the relative power of the states and national government.
B) the ideology of manifest destiny.
C) the nation's conflict with the Spanish.
D) the sectional division in the United States over the issue of slavery.

Question 43

Answer parts a and b.
a)Describe the experiences of TWO of the following groups in the years immediately following the American Revolution to 1800.
-African Americans
-Women
-American Indians
b)Explain how ONE of the groups selected in part a ultimately realized the promises of liberty and equality set in motion by the American Revolution and provide ONE piece of evidence to justify your answer.

Question 44

The following questions are based on the image below.

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division[LC-USZ62-44892]
Molly Pitcher,i.e.Molly McCauley,loading cannon at the Battle of Monmouth,1778
The nation's response to the wartime efforts of Revolutionary-era women would be most closely paralleled by the experiences of

A) the Progressive women.
B) women laborers in World War II.
C) female participants of the Civil Rights movement.
D) working women in the late 20th century.

Question 45

The following questions are based on the image below.

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division[LC-USZ62-44892]
Molly Pitcher,i.e.Molly McCauley,loading cannon at the Battle of Monmouth,1778
The actions of women like the one pictured above contributed to

A) the low status women were afforded in the newly-created United States.
B) the rapid population growth of the United States.
C) the expansion of the ideological role of women in American political culture.
D) the success of the American Revolution in the face of British tyranny.

Question 46

Directions: These questions are based on the accompanying documents.The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise.
In your response you should do the following:
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support the thesis or a relevant argument with evidence from all,or all but one,of the documents.
•Incorporate analysis of all,or all but one,of the documents into your argument.
•Focus your analysis of each document on at least one of the following: intended audience,purpose,historical context,and/or point of view.
•Support your argument with analysis of historical examples outside the documents.
•Connect historical phenomena relevant to your argument to broader events or processes.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or accounts for contradictory evidence on the topic.
To what extent did the newly created United States government uphold the Revolutionary principles on which it was founded in the period from 1776 to 1800?

Question 47

Directions: In your response you should do the following:
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support your argument with evidence,using specific examples.
•Apply historical thinking skills as directed by the question.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or connects it to a different category of analysis.
To what extent did United States national policy effectively govern the frontier in the years between 1783 and 1800?

Question 48

Directions: In your response you should do the following:
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support your argument with evidence,using specific examples.
•Apply historical thinking skills as directed by the question.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or connects it to a different category of analysis.
To what extent had the United States developed a unified national political identity by 1800?

Question 49

The following questions are based on the image below.

Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division[LC-USZ62-44892]
Molly Pitcher,i.e.Molly McCauley,loading cannon at the Battle of Monmouth,1778
The most significant job of a "republican mother" was to

A) bear children to strengthen the United States' population.
B) teach her children the values of liberty and equality.
C) support her family economically through her labor.
D) preserve the nation's memory of the brutality of war.

Question 50

"Those who are governed at the will of another,and whose property may be taken from them by taxes...without their own consent,and against their will,are in the miserable condition of slaves… the British subjects in America,have equal rights with those in Britain;...as an inherent indefeasible right… But it will be said,that the monies drawn from the colonies by duties...will be laid up and set apart to be used for their future defence.This will not at all alleviate the hardship,but serves only more strongly to mark the servile state of the people.Free people have ever thought,and always will think,that the money necessary for their defence lies safest in their own hands."
Stephen Hopkins,The Rights of the Colonists Examined,1764
"The several New England charters ascertain,define,and limit the respective rights and privileges of each colony,and I cannot conceive how it has come to pass that the colonies now claim any other or greater rights than are therein expressly granted to them… Hence it is plain to me that in denying [the jurisdiction of Parliament] we at the same time take leave of the common law and thereby,with equal temerity and folly,strip ourselves of every blessing we enjoy as Englishmen… Believe me,my friend,it gives me great pain to see so much ingratitude in the colonies to the mother country,whose arms and money so lately rescued them from a French government."
Martin Howard,A Letter from a Goodman at Halifax to his Friend in Rhode Island,1765
Using the excerpts above,answer parts a,b,and c.
a)Briefly explain the main point of Hopkins' passage.
b)Briefly explain the main point of Howard's passage.
c)Provide ONE piece of evidence from the era of the American Revolution,not included in the passages,and explain how it supports the viewpoint of one of the passages.

Question 51

Answer parts a,b,and c.
a)Explain ONE principle presented in the Declaration of Independence.
b)Explain ONE principle presented in Thomas Paine's Common Sense.
c)Provide ONE piece of evidence that reveals the influence of these documents on the foundation of the United States government.

Question 52

Directions: These questions are based on the accompanying documents.The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise.
In your response you should do the following:
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support the thesis or a relevant argument with evidence from all,or all but one,of the documents.
•Incorporate analysis of all,or all but one,of the documents into your argument.
•Focus your analysis of each document on at least one of the following: intended audience,purpose,historical context,and/or point of view.
•Support your argument with analysis of historical examples outside the documents.
•Connect historical phenomena relevant to your argument to broader events or processes.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or accounts for contradictory evidence on the topic.
Explain the development of political parties in the United States and compare the nation's first parties' views on the role of government in the period from 1788 to 1800.

Question 53

"The Congress shall have Power To lay and collect Taxes,Duties,Imposts and Excises,to pay the Debts and provide for the common Defence and general Welfare of the United States;but all Duties,Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United States…[and] To make all Laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers,...
This Constitution,and the Laws of the United States which shall be made in Pursuance thereof;...shall be the supreme Law of the Land;and the Judges in every State shall be bound thereby,any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the Contrary notwithstanding....
The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution,nor prohibited by it to the States,are reserved to the States respectively,or to the people."
The Constitution of the United States,including the Tenth Amendment,ratified 1791
Using the passages above,answer a,b,and c.
a)Explain the controversy at the Constitutional Convention surrounding the writing of the passages above.
b)Briefly describe ONE argument used by Americans who supported the ratification of the Constitution.
c)Briefly describe ONE argument used by Americans who opposed the ratification of the Constitution.