Deck 9: The Confederation and the Constitution 1776-1790

Question 1

The following questions refer to the cartoon below.

Signe Wilkinson's/Cartoonist Group
Which of the following events was the most significant cause of the events depicted in the cartoon?

A) Terrorist attacks on the United States
B) The Rise of the Cold War
C) The Rise of evangelical Christianity
D) Increased defense spending under Ronald Reagan

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Well,there is no magic money machine.Every dollar the government spends comes out of your pockets.Every dollar the government gives to someone has to first be taken away from someone else.So,it's our moral duty to make sure that we can justify every one of your tax dollars,that we spend them wisely and carefully and,just as important,fairly.
Unfortunately,hardly anyone could honestly call Federal budgets wise,careful,or fair.Is it fair to ask one small business to help subsidize its competitors? Is it fair to ask workers in the private economy to pay for civil service pensions that are much more generous than the retirement benefits they receive? Is it fair to ask low-income families to help pay for the college education of children from families with incomes as high as $100,000 a year? Is it fair to ask taxpayers to help pay billions for export subsidies to a handful of America's biggest corporations?"
President Ronald Reagan,Address to the Nation on the Federal Budget and Deficit Reduction,April 24,1985
Which of the following actions of the Reagan administration best reflects the ideas expressed in the excerpt?

A) Deregulation of many industries, such as the breakup of AT&T
B) Increased military spending
C) Achievements in nuclear arms reductions
D) The creation of Social Security

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The following questions refer to the cartoon below.

The cartoonist would likely agree with which of the following statements?

A) Social networks are destroying family structures.
B) Growing economic equality is a serious problem that needs reform.
C) The decline of economic productivity threatens the American way of life.
D) Reform is needed to avoid further declines in union membership.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The hope of reversing the trends of decay in our republic now lies with the Christian public in America.We cannot expect help from the liberals.They certainly are not going to call our nation back to righteousness and neither are the pornographers,the smut peddlers,and those who are corrupting our youth.Moral Americans must be willing to put their reputations,their fortunes,and their very lives on the line for this great nation of ours.Would that we had the courage of our forefathers who knew the great responsibility that freedom carries with it....Our Founding Fathers separated church and state in function,but never intended to establish a government void of God.As is evidenced by our Constitution,good people in America must exert an influence and provide a conscience and climate of morality in which it is difficult to go wrong,not difficult for people to go right in America."
Jerry Falwell on the Moral Majority,1980
Jerry Falwell's message would have resonated most strongly with opponents of

A) the growing acceptance of homosexuality and alternative gender roles.
B) the military buildup of the Reagan era.
C) America's growing dependence on fossil fuels.
D) industry deregulation and tax reform.

Question 5

The following questions refer to the cartoon below.

Which of the following was a causal factor in creating the patterns seen in the cartoon?

A) Increased U. S. involvement in Afghanistan
B) Improvements in digital communications
C) Conservative opposition to liberal politics
D) The end of the Cold War

Question 6

The following questions refer to the cartoon below.

The cartoon reflects which of the following trends at the beginning of the 21?? century?

A) Increasing uses and applications of computer technology significantly changed social behaviors among Americans.
B) As the United States integrated into a global economy, Americans experienced increasing economic instability.
C) Conflicts over fossil fuels in the Middle East led to restricted use of computer technology.
D) The War on Terrorism heightened concerns about the protection of civil liberties.

Question 7

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The hope of reversing the trends of decay in our republic now lies with the Christian public in America.We cannot expect help from the liberals.They certainly are not going to call our nation back to righteousness and neither are the pornographers,the smut peddlers,and those who are corrupting our youth.Moral Americans must be willing to put their reputations,their fortunes,and their very lives on the line for this great nation of ours.Would that we had the courage of our forefathers who knew the great responsibility that freedom carries with it....Our Founding Fathers separated church and state in function,but never intended to establish a government void of God.As is evidenced by our Constitution,good people in America must exert an influence and provide a conscience and climate of morality in which it is difficult to go wrong,not difficult for people to go right in America."
Jerry Falwell on the Moral Majority,1980
The popularity of Falwell's message contributed to which of the following developments of the 1980s and 1990s?

A) Détente with the Soviet Union
B) Population shifts to the South and West
C) The rise of the "culture wars"
D) Stagnating wages for the middle class

Question 8

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Well,there is no magic money machine.Every dollar the government spends comes out of your pockets.Every dollar the government gives to someone has to first be taken away from someone else.So,it's our moral duty to make sure that we can justify every one of your tax dollars,that we spend them wisely and carefully and,just as important,fairly.
Unfortunately,hardly anyone could honestly call Federal budgets wise,careful,or fair.Is it fair to ask one small business to help subsidize its competitors? Is it fair to ask workers in the private economy to pay for civil service pensions that are much more generous than the retirement benefits they receive? Is it fair to ask low-income families to help pay for the college education of children from families with incomes as high as $100,000 a year? Is it fair to ask taxpayers to help pay billions for export subsidies to a handful of America's biggest corporations?"
President Ronald Reagan,Address to the Nation on the Federal Budget and Deficit Reduction,April 24,1985
All of the following are true of the period in which Reagan was President,except which statement?

A) The northeast suffered debilitating losses of manufacturing.
B) Real wages for the middle class stagnated.
C) U.S. military decreased during a period of extended détente.
D) Union membership declined.

Question 9

The following questions refer to the cartoon below.

Signe Wilkinson's/Cartoonist Group
Which of the following statements is correct about the period described in the cartoon?

A) The U.S. Constitution was considered unimportant after the attacks of September 11, 2001.
B) Immigration to the U.S. came to a complete halt after 2001.
C) The U.S. became increasingly isolated after the attacks of September 11, 2001.
D) The U.S. was forced to redefine its global role after September 11, 2001.

Question 10

The following questions refer to the cartoon below.

Signe Wilkinson's/Cartoonist Group
As expressed in the cartoon,government policies of this era were sometimes seen as

A) legitimate attempts to preserve democracy.
B) in keeping with the ideas of the U.S. Constitution.
C) a basic threat to civil liberties.
D) aggressive attempts to eliminate world communism.

Question 11

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Well,there is no magic money machine.Every dollar the government spends comes out of your pockets.Every dollar the government gives to someone has to first be taken away from someone else.So,it's our moral duty to make sure that we can justify every one of your tax dollars,that we spend them wisely and carefully and,just as important,fairly.
Unfortunately,hardly anyone could honestly call Federal budgets wise,careful,or fair.Is it fair to ask one small business to help subsidize its competitors? Is it fair to ask workers in the private economy to pay for civil service pensions that are much more generous than the retirement benefits they receive? Is it fair to ask low-income families to help pay for the college education of children from families with incomes as high as $100,000 a year? Is it fair to ask taxpayers to help pay billions for export subsidies to a handful of America's biggest corporations?"
President Ronald Reagan,Address to the Nation on the Federal Budget and Deficit Reduction,April 24,1985
Which of the following historical trends would Reagan most directly attribute as the cause of the problem he describes?

A) The spread of Communism
B) The rise of the New South
C) Social Darwinism
D) New Deal liberalism

Question 12

The following questions refer to the cartoon below.

Which of the following was a causal factor in the trends depicted in the cartoon?

A) The growth of "big government" during the Reagan years.
B) The failure of social safety net programs to support the working class.
C) The decline of manufacturing in America as jobs were exported overseas.
D) Public policy debates over domestic security.

Question 13

The following questions refer to the cartoon below.

Signe Wilkinson's/Cartoonist Group
The cartoon reflects which of the following trends?

A) Human rights concerns across the globe
B) Debates over how to best protect Americans after September 11, 2001
C) Concerns over U. S. diplomatic efforts abroad
D) National concerns about changes in family structures

Question 14

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Well,there is no magic money machine.Every dollar the government spends comes out of your pockets.Every dollar the government gives to someone has to first be taken away from someone else.So,it's our moral duty to make sure that we can justify every one of your tax dollars,that we spend them wisely and carefully and,just as important,fairly.
Unfortunately,hardly anyone could honestly call Federal budgets wise,careful,or fair.Is it fair to ask one small business to help subsidize its competitors? Is it fair to ask workers in the private economy to pay for civil service pensions that are much more generous than the retirement benefits they receive? Is it fair to ask low-income families to help pay for the college education of children from families with incomes as high as $100,000 a year? Is it fair to ask taxpayers to help pay billions for export subsidies to a handful of America's biggest corporations?"
President Ronald Reagan,Address to the Nation on the Federal Budget and Deficit Reduction,April 24,1985
The excerpt reflects all of the following except

A) fiscal conservatism.
B) a belief in the Constitutionality of the New Deal.
C) a repudiation of the Great Society.
D) federal deregulation of numerous industries.

Question 15

The following questions refer to the cartoon below.

The cartoon best explains which of the following?

A) Hardship experienced by families as real wages declined
B) Economic inequality brought on by the internet
C) Growing concerns about social "safety net" programs
D) Changing social patterns which resulted from changing technologies

Question 16

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The hope of reversing the trends of decay in our republic now lies with the Christian public in America.We cannot expect help from the liberals.They certainly are not going to call our nation back to righteousness and neither are the pornographers,the smut peddlers,and those who are corrupting our youth.Moral Americans must be willing to put their reputations,their fortunes,and their very lives on the line for this great nation of ours.Would that we had the courage of our forefathers who knew the great responsibility that freedom carries with it....Our Founding Fathers separated church and state in function,but never intended to establish a government void of God.As is evidenced by our Constitution,good people in America must exert an influence and provide a conscience and climate of morality in which it is difficult to go wrong,not difficult for people to go right in America."
Jerry Falwell on the Moral Majority,1980
The rise of neoconservative thought,as expressed by Falwell,most directly supported

A) technological advancement and a boost in economic productivity.
B) an era of Republican politics centered on tax cuts and deregulation.
C) increased hostility between the United States and nations in the Middle East.
D) the expansion of the social safety net.

Question 17

The following questions refer to the cartoon below.

The cartoon reflects which of the following historical trends in the period 1980-present?

A) Union membership increased substantially
B) Economic equality was achieved by 2000
C) Real wages for the middle class increased substantially
D) Economic inequality increased after 1980

Question 18

The following questions refer to the cartoon below.

The message of the cartoon most nearly reflects twenty-first century debates over

A) gender roles.
B) immigration policy.
C) family structures.
D) demographic changes.

Question 19

The following questions refer to the cartoon below.

All of the following would have been likely to agree with the ideas depicted in the cartoon except

A) conservatives who denounced "big government".
B) union members.
C) Progressive-era reformers.
D) the middle class.

Question 20

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The hope of reversing the trends of decay in our republic now lies with the Christian public in America.We cannot expect help from the liberals.They certainly are not going to call our nation back to righteousness and neither are the pornographers,the smut peddlers,and those who are corrupting our youth.Moral Americans must be willing to put their reputations,their fortunes,and their very lives on the line for this great nation of ours.Would that we had the courage of our forefathers who knew the great responsibility that freedom carries with it....Our Founding Fathers separated church and state in function,but never intended to establish a government void of God.As is evidenced by our Constitution,good people in America must exert an influence and provide a conscience and climate of morality in which it is difficult to go wrong,not difficult for people to go right in America."
Jerry Falwell on the Moral Majority,1980
Falwell's concern over morality in the 1980s most directly reflects the ideas of which earlier movement?

A) The liberalism of Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal
B) Progressive reformers of the early 19th century
C) African-American artists of the Harlem Renaissance
D) Fundamentalism in the 1920s

Question 21

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"For decades,the United States has not been in complete control of its borders.As a result,many who want to work in our economy have been able to sneak across our border and millions have stayed….We are a nation of laws,and we must enforce our laws.We're also a nation of immigrants,and we must uphold that tradition,which has strengthened our country in so many ways.These are not contradictory goals.America can be a lawful society and a welcoming society at the same time.We will fix the problems created by illegal immigration,and we will deliver a system that is secure,orderly,and fair.So I support comprehensive immigration reform that will accomplish…clear objectives. First,the United States must secure its borders.This is a basic responsibility of a sovereign nation.It is also an urgent requirement of our national security.Our objective is straightforward: The border should be open to trade and lawful immigration,and shut to illegal immigrants,as well as criminals,drug dealers,and terrorists."
President George W.Bush,Address to the Nation,May 15,2006
Which of the following trends was Bush reacting to in this excerpt?

A) Increases in immigration from Latin America and Asia
B) Increases in immigration from southern and eastern Europe
C) The closing of the American border to immigration after 2001
D) Environmental concerns about fossil fuels

Question 22

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"For decades,the United States has not been in complete control of its borders.As a result,many who want to work in our economy have been able to sneak across our border and millions have stayed….We are a nation of laws,and we must enforce our laws.We're also a nation of immigrants,and we must uphold that tradition,which has strengthened our country in so many ways.These are not contradictory goals.America can be a lawful society and a welcoming society at the same time.We will fix the problems created by illegal immigration,and we will deliver a system that is secure,orderly,and fair.So I support comprehensive immigration reform that will accomplish…clear objectives. First,the United States must secure its borders.This is a basic responsibility of a sovereign nation.It is also an urgent requirement of our national security.Our objective is straightforward: The border should be open to trade and lawful immigration,and shut to illegal immigrants,as well as criminals,drug dealers,and terrorists."
President George W.Bush,Address to the Nation,May 15,2006
One reason that maintaining reasonably open borders was so important was that

A) the southwestern United States' slow population growth threatened its economic future.
B) America's diplomacy would suffer if the nation were perceived as having a closed border.
C) immigrants provided an important source of labor for the American economy.
D) the rise of conservative politicians made other policies unpopular.

Question 23

The following questions refer to the cartoon below.

Cagle Cartoons
The cartoon suggests which of the following historical trends in the period after 2001?

A) Congress passed controversial legislation which threatened basic American freedoms.
B) Human rights and civil liberties were unimportant to Americans in the wake of 9/11.
C) The justice system in the U.S. was corrupt and beyond repair.
D) Americans desired to colonize the Middle East after the 9/11 attacks.

Question 24

The following questions refer to the cartoon below.

Cagle Cartoons
The cartoon implies that the justice system in the United States was

A) compromised by legislation that sought to improve national security.
B) weakened by the influx of immigrants after 9/11.
C) rendered irrelevant by changing technologies.
D) the cause of massive economic inequality in the twentieth century.

Question 25

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Tonight I ask for your prayers for all those who grieve,for the children whose worlds have been shattered,for all whose sense of safety and security has been threatened.And I pray they will be comforted by a power greater than any of us spoken through the ages in Psalm 23: "Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death,I fear no evil,for You are with me." This is a day when all Americans from every walk of life unite in our resolve for justice and peace.America has stood down enemies before,and we will do so this time. None of us will ever forget this day,yet we go forward to defend freedom and all that is good and just in our world."
President George Bush,Speech to the Nation,September 11,2001
Which of the following was a not a result of the historical events seen in the excerpt?

A) U.S. military involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan
B) Increasing concerns among Americans about civil liberties
C) The U.S. began to reduce military spending
D) Governmental attempts to heighten U.S. security domestically

Question 26

The following questions refer to the graph below.

Source: Federal Bureau of Labor Statistics
Union Membership Rates
Which of the following developments of the twenty-first century was caused by the same economic forces which contributed to the trend shown in the graph?

A) Improvements in digital communications
B) More aggressive reforms of the financial system
C) Congressional legislation supporting free trade agreements
D) The growth of service-sector employment

Question 27

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Tonight I ask for your prayers for all those who grieve,for the children whose worlds have been shattered,for all whose sense of safety and security has been threatened.And I pray they will be comforted by a power greater than any of us spoken through the ages in Psalm 23: "Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death,I fear no evil,for You are with me." This is a day when all Americans from every walk of life unite in our resolve for justice and peace.America has stood down enemies before,and we will do so this time. None of us will ever forget this day,yet we go forward to defend freedom and all that is good and just in our world."
President George Bush,Speech to the Nation,September 11,2001
The ideas expressed by President Bush are most consistent with which of the following?

A) Ideas of religious freedom
B) The principles of the Great Awakening
C) George Washington's Farewell Address
D) Woodrow Wilson's request for war in 1917

Question 28

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The 1980's have been born in turmoil,strife,and change.This is a time of challenge to our interests and our values and it's a time that tests our wisdom and our skills.At this time in Iran,50 Americans are still held captive,innocent victims of terrorism and anarchy.Also at this moment,massive Soviet troops are attempting to subjugate the fiercely independent and deeply religious people of Afghanistan.These two acts-one of international terrorism and one of military aggression-present a serious challenge to the United States of America and indeed to all the nations of the world.Together,we will meet these threats to peace. I'm determined that the United States will remain the strongest of all nations,but our power will never be used to initiate a threat to the security of any nation or to the rights of any human being.We seek to be and to remain secure-a nation at peace in a stable world.But to be secure we must face the world as it is."
President Jimmy Carter,State of the Union Address,January 23,1980
Members of the U.S.government who supported the ideas expressed in this speech would have sought to use the message to

A) oppose the nation's newly open immigration policy.
B) restore power to state governments.
C) justify a shift towards interventionism in American foreign policy.
D) support fundamentalist Christianity.

Question 29

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Tonight I ask for your prayers for all those who grieve,for the children whose worlds have been shattered,for all whose sense of safety and security has been threatened.And I pray they will be comforted by a power greater than any of us spoken through the ages in Psalm 23: "Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death,I fear no evil,for You are with me." This is a day when all Americans from every walk of life unite in our resolve for justice and peace.America has stood down enemies before,and we will do so this time. None of us will ever forget this day,yet we go forward to defend freedom and all that is good and just in our world."
President George Bush,Speech to the Nation,September 11,2001
The ideas expressed by President Bush resulted in which of the following?

A) The U.S. was forced to redefine its foreign policy.
B) The U.S. became increasingly isolationist.
C) The U.S. ceased all military interventions abroad.
D) Congress revoked all civil liberties during the period.

Question 30

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"For decades,the United States has not been in complete control of its borders.As a result,many who want to work in our economy have been able to sneak across our border and millions have stayed….We are a nation of laws,and we must enforce our laws.We're also a nation of immigrants,and we must uphold that tradition,which has strengthened our country in so many ways.These are not contradictory goals.America can be a lawful society and a welcoming society at the same time.We will fix the problems created by illegal immigration,and we will deliver a system that is secure,orderly,and fair.So I support comprehensive immigration reform that will accomplish…clear objectives. First,the United States must secure its borders.This is a basic responsibility of a sovereign nation.It is also an urgent requirement of our national security.Our objective is straightforward: The border should be open to trade and lawful immigration,and shut to illegal immigrants,as well as criminals,drug dealers,and terrorists."
President George W.Bush,Address to the Nation,May 15,2006
The excerpt was a result of which of the following historical trends after 1980?

A) The federal government closed the borders of the U.S. after September 11, 2001.
B) The American West and South became increasingly less influential in American politics and economics.
C) Native Americans became increasingly concerned about the encroachment of the federal government on their lands.
D) Illegal immigrants often took low-paying, labor-intensive jobs that Americans did not want.

Question 31

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"For decades,the United States has not been in complete control of its borders.As a result,many who want to work in our economy have been able to sneak across our border and millions have stayed….We are a nation of laws,and we must enforce our laws.We're also a nation of immigrants,and we must uphold that tradition,which has strengthened our country in so many ways.These are not contradictory goals.America can be a lawful society and a welcoming society at the same time.We will fix the problems created by illegal immigration,and we will deliver a system that is secure,orderly,and fair.So I support comprehensive immigration reform that will accomplish…clear objectives. First,the United States must secure its borders.This is a basic responsibility of a sovereign nation.It is also an urgent requirement of our national security.Our objective is straightforward: The border should be open to trade and lawful immigration,and shut to illegal immigrants,as well as criminals,drug dealers,and terrorists."
President George W.Bush,Address to the Nation,May 15,2006
All of the following statements are true of the period to which the excerpt refers,except?

A) The influence of the American South and West increased as migrants settled in those regions.
B) Economic equality was achieved among all social classes by 2010.
C) Migrant labor was an important, although divisive, factor in the American economy.
D) The presence of illegal immigrants raised questions about national identity.

Question 32

The following questions refer to the cartoon below.

Cagle Cartoons
Americans who supported the ideas of the cartoon would have agreed with which of the following statements?

A) Civil liberties are unimportant in a democracy.
B) The federal government should use any means at its disposal to stop terrorism.
C) Actions by Congress and the President after 9/11 compromised basic American freedoms
D) The U.S. financial system desperately needed reform.

Question 33

The following questions refer to the graph below.

Source: Federal Bureau of Labor Statistics
Union Membership Rates
The graph reflects which of the following historical trends?

A) Declining manufacturing industries in the United States
B) Increasing U.S. isolationism from world affairs
C) The extension of suffrage to African Americans
D) The end of the Cold War

Question 34

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The 1980's have been born in turmoil,strife,and change.This is a time of challenge to our interests and our values and it's a time that tests our wisdom and our skills.At this time in Iran,50 Americans are still held captive,innocent victims of terrorism and anarchy.Also at this moment,massive Soviet troops are attempting to subjugate the fiercely independent and deeply religious people of Afghanistan.These two acts-one of international terrorism and one of military aggression-present a serious challenge to the United States of America and indeed to all the nations of the world.Together,we will meet these threats to peace. I'm determined that the United States will remain the strongest of all nations,but our power will never be used to initiate a threat to the security of any nation or to the rights of any human being.We seek to be and to remain secure-a nation at peace in a stable world.But to be secure we must face the world as it is."
President Jimmy Carter,State of the Union Address,January 23,1980
The concerns expressed by Carter broadly led America to embrace

A) a more direct opposition to communism.
B) military intervention in Eastern Europe.
C) the dismantling of American nuclear stockpiles.
D) counter-terrorism efforts in the Middle East.

Question 35

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The 1980's have been born in turmoil,strife,and change.This is a time of challenge to our interests and our values and it's a time that tests our wisdom and our skills.At this time in Iran,50 Americans are still held captive,innocent victims of terrorism and anarchy.Also at this moment,massive Soviet troops are attempting to subjugate the fiercely independent and deeply religious people of Afghanistan.These two acts-one of international terrorism and one of military aggression-present a serious challenge to the United States of America and indeed to all the nations of the world.Together,we will meet these threats to peace. I'm determined that the United States will remain the strongest of all nations,but our power will never be used to initiate a threat to the security of any nation or to the rights of any human being.We seek to be and to remain secure-a nation at peace in a stable world.But to be secure we must face the world as it is."
President Jimmy Carter,State of the Union Address,January 23,1980
The ideas expressed by Carter in this speech were most similar to which of the following?

A) George Washington's Farewell Address
B) American support of Europe during World War II
C) U.S. refusal to join the United Nations after World War II
D) Isolationist rhetoric of the 1920s

Question 36

The following questions refer to the graph below.

Source: Federal Bureau of Labor Statistics
Union Membership Rates
The graph could be used as evidence to prove which of the following claims?

A) Unions declined in popularity after the end of World War II.
B) Real wages increased as the Cold War came to an end.
C) The War on Terrorism sought to improve domestic security.
D) Liberals dominated politics between 1948 and 1998.

Question 37

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Tonight I ask for your prayers for all those who grieve,for the children whose worlds have been shattered,for all whose sense of safety and security has been threatened.And I pray they will be comforted by a power greater than any of us spoken through the ages in Psalm 23: "Even though I walk through the valley of the shadow of death,I fear no evil,for You are with me." This is a day when all Americans from every walk of life unite in our resolve for justice and peace.America has stood down enemies before,and we will do so this time. None of us will ever forget this day,yet we go forward to defend freedom and all that is good and just in our world."
President George Bush,Speech to the Nation,September 11,2001
The excerpt was written primarily to

A) rally and unify Americans as the country moved towards the War on Terror.
B) emphasize evangelical Christianity as the dominant religion in America.
C) condemn the resurgence of world Communism at the turn of the century.
D) suggest that the U. S. adopt Christianity as its official religion.

Question 38

The following questions refer to the cartoon below.

Cagle Cartoons
The ideas expressed in the cartoon are responding to

A) legislation after 2001 that sought to improve security.
B) legalization of gay marriage across the country after 2000.
C) the end of the Cold War.
D) the impact of migrants on the national economy after 2000.

Question 39

The following questions refer to the graph below.

Source: Federal Bureau of Labor Statistics
Union Membership Rates
Which of the following would most likely account for the trends seen in the graph?

A) An acceptance of New Deal policies that legalized and supported union activity
B) Increased focus on small-scale, subsistence agriculture after 1980
C) The elimination of many manufacturing jobs after World War II
D) U.S. military involvement in Iraq and Afghanistan after 2001

Question 40

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"The 1980's have been born in turmoil,strife,and change.This is a time of challenge to our interests and our values and it's a time that tests our wisdom and our skills.At this time in Iran,50 Americans are still held captive,innocent victims of terrorism and anarchy.Also at this moment,massive Soviet troops are attempting to subjugate the fiercely independent and deeply religious people of Afghanistan.These two acts-one of international terrorism and one of military aggression-present a serious challenge to the United States of America and indeed to all the nations of the world.Together,we will meet these threats to peace. I'm determined that the United States will remain the strongest of all nations,but our power will never be used to initiate a threat to the security of any nation or to the rights of any human being.We seek to be and to remain secure-a nation at peace in a stable world.But to be secure we must face the world as it is."
President Jimmy Carter,State of the Union Address,January 23,1980
Enacting the policies that Carter suggests would require

A) a reduction in the nation's diplomatic efforts abroad.
B) internal migration patterns to change.
C) a shift to isolationism after a period of international intervention.
D) significant increases in military spending.

Question 41

Directions: In your response you should do the following:
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support your argument with evidence,using specific examples.
•Apply historical thinking skills as directed by the question.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or connects it to a different category of analysis.
Some historians have argued that the War on Terror dramatically altered civil liberties for Americans.Support,modify,or refute this interpretation,providing specific evidence to justify your answer.

Question 42

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Iran-Contra altered impressions of Reagan and his presidency.The Great Communicator struggled to articulate a message regarding his involvement in the scandal and to explain how a complex operation originating in the White House could have taken place without his knowledge or authority.Dealings with terrorists,covert arms trades and the transfer of funds to supply an insurgent army suggested that the spirit - if not the letter - of the law had been undermined by Reagan's operatives.President Reagan,despite the scandal,recovered his credibility,resurrected his poll numbers and reestablished his authority by the end of his second term in January 1989.Nevertheless,the scandal circus of the Iran-Contra affair blighted his legacy and suggested that his Teflon reputation had pronounced limitations."
Robert Busby,"The Scandal that Almost Destroyed Ronald Reagan," 2011
Answer parts a,b,and c.
a)Briefly explain why ONE of the following events best represents a turning point in the modern world:
-The election of Ronald Reagan in 1980
-The end of the Cold War
-The terrorist attacks on September 11,2001
b)Provide ONE piece of evidence from the period to support your explanation.
c)Briefly explain why ONE of the other options is not as persuasive as the one you chose.

Question 43

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Iran-Contra altered impressions of Reagan and his presidency.The Great Communicator struggled to articulate a message regarding his involvement in the scandal and to explain how a complex operation originating in the White House could have taken place without his knowledge or authority.Dealings with terrorists,covert arms trades and the transfer of funds to supply an insurgent army suggested that the spirit - if not the letter - of the law had been undermined by Reagan's operatives.President Reagan,despite the scandal,recovered his credibility,resurrected his poll numbers and reestablished his authority by the end of his second term in January 1989.Nevertheless,the scandal circus of the Iran-Contra affair blighted his legacy and suggested that his Teflon reputation had pronounced limitations."
Robert Busby,"The Scandal that Almost Destroyed Ronald Reagan," 2011
Another area in which Reagan and his political allies met with opposition was in

A) developing policies that favored unionization efforts.
B) attempts to reduce the scope of certain popular government programs.
C) their efforts to enact tax reform.
D) efforts to expand military spending.

Question 44

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Iran-Contra altered impressions of Reagan and his presidency.The Great Communicator struggled to articulate a message regarding his involvement in the scandal and to explain how a complex operation originating in the White House could have taken place without his knowledge or authority.Dealings with terrorists,covert arms trades and the transfer of funds to supply an insurgent army suggested that the spirit - if not the letter - of the law had been undermined by Reagan's operatives.President Reagan,despite the scandal,recovered his credibility,resurrected his poll numbers and reestablished his authority by the end of his second term in January 1989.Nevertheless,the scandal circus of the Iran-Contra affair blighted his legacy and suggested that his Teflon reputation had pronounced limitations."
Robert Busby,"The Scandal that Almost Destroyed Ronald Reagan," 2011
Which of the following developments was most directly caused by the events described in the passage?

A) The rise of evangelical Christianity and neo-conservatism
B) The surge in migration from Latin America
C) Shifts in political alliances in the late 1980s
D) Political scandals at the state level

Question 45

Directions: In your response you should do the following:
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support your argument with evidence,using specific examples.
•Apply historical thinking skills as directed by the question.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or connects it to a different category of analysis.
Evaluate the extent to which President Ronald Reagan was a conservative president.

Question 46

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Looking around a Mexico dotted by Starbucks,Wal-Mart and Krispy Kreme outlets,it's hard to remember the country before the North American Free Trade Agreement,which has dramatically expanded consumer choice and trade since it took effect 20 years ago Jan.1.While it changed the country in some fundamentally ways,the treaty never met many of its sweeping promises to close Mexico's wage gap with the United States,boost job growth,fight poverty and protect the environment.Mexico's weak unions and competition from Asia and Central America kept wages down;the tightening of security along the U.S.border closed off Mexico's immigration 'escape valve,' and environmental provisions in the agreement proved less powerful than those protecting investors."
USA Today,December 31,2013
The successful passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement reveals

A) the strength of the conservative movement towards deregulation.
B) the rise of partisan debate over the scope of the government.
C) the significance of the decline in American service sector jobs.
D) impact of technological innovations in computing.

Question 47

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Iran-Contra altered impressions of Reagan and his presidency.The Great Communicator struggled to articulate a message regarding his involvement in the scandal and to explain how a complex operation originating in the White House could have taken place without his knowledge or authority.Dealings with terrorists,covert arms trades and the transfer of funds to supply an insurgent army suggested that the spirit - if not the letter - of the law had been undermined by Reagan's operatives.President Reagan,despite the scandal,recovered his credibility,resurrected his poll numbers and reestablished his authority by the end of his second term in January 1989.Nevertheless,the scandal circus of the Iran-Contra affair blighted his legacy and suggested that his Teflon reputation had pronounced limitations."
Robert Busby,"The Scandal that Almost Destroyed Ronald Reagan," 2011
The excerpt demonstrates the continuation of which of the following trends from the period 1980 to the present?

A) Public confidence and trust in government was shaken by political scandals.
B) Conservative control of government in the 1980s was declining.
C) Reagan did not support deregulation or reducing taxation.
D) Public trust in government increased as Conservatives took power in the 1980s.

Question 48

Directions: These questions are based on the accompanying documents.The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise.
In your response you should do the following:
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support the thesis or a relevant argument with evidence from all,or all but one,of the documents.
•Incorporate analysis of all,or all but one,of the documents into your argument.
•Focus your analysis of each document on at least one of the following: intended audience,purpose,historical context,and/or point of view.
•Support your argument with analysis of historical examples outside the documents.
•Connect historical phenomena relevant to your argument to broader events or processes.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or accounts for contradictory evidence on the topic.
Analyze the major changes and continuities in U.S.foreign policy after 1980.

Question 49

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Looking around a Mexico dotted by Starbucks,Wal-Mart and Krispy Kreme outlets,it's hard to remember the country before the North American Free Trade Agreement,which has dramatically expanded consumer choice and trade since it took effect 20 years ago Jan.1.While it changed the country in some fundamentally ways,the treaty never met many of its sweeping promises to close Mexico's wage gap with the United States,boost job growth,fight poverty and protect the environment.Mexico's weak unions and competition from Asia and Central America kept wages down;the tightening of security along the U.S.border closed off Mexico's immigration 'escape valve,' and environmental provisions in the agreement proved less powerful than those protecting investors."
USA Today,December 31,2013
The historical trends described in the excerpt reflect

A) intense debate over free trade agreements since 1980.
B) indecisiveness over how to reform the U.S. financial system.
C) conflict over climate change.
D) the increasing availability of information from the Internet.

Question 50

The following questions refer to the excerpt below.
"Iran-Contra altered impressions of Reagan and his presidency.The Great Communicator struggled to articulate a message regarding his involvement in the scandal and to explain how a complex operation originating in the White House could have taken place without his knowledge or authority.Dealings with terrorists,covert arms trades and the transfer of funds to supply an insurgent army suggested that the spirit - if not the letter - of the law had been undermined by Reagan's operatives.President Reagan,despite the scandal,recovered his credibility,resurrected his poll numbers and reestablished his authority by the end of his second term in January 1989.Nevertheless,the scandal circus of the Iran-Contra affair blighted his legacy and suggested that his Teflon reputation had pronounced limitations."
Robert Busby,"The Scandal that Almost Destroyed Ronald Reagan," 2011
"During his two terms in the White House (1981-89),Reagan presided over a widening gap between the rich and everyone else,declining wages and living standards for working families,an assault on labor unions as a vehicle to lift Americans into the middle class,a dramatic increase in poverty and homelessness,and the consolidation and deregulation of the financial industry that led to the current mortgage meltdown,foreclosure epidemic and lingering recession."
Peter Dreir,"Reagan's Real Legacy"
"It is not difficult to identify the principal initiatives for which Ronald Reagan will be remembered.After a decade of national defeatism and doubt,he strode into office in 1981-confident of America's ideals and promise,and of the ability of his countrymen to conquer their malaise.He instituted startling tax-rate reductions and other measures that have produced (his supporters argue)the longest peacetime economic expansion in the history of the United States.In foreign policy he initiated a massive rearmament program to contain Soviet imperialism and expounded America's democratic faith without shame.In doing so he broke,without fully dispelling,the debilitating grip of the "post-Vietnam syndrome" and the mentality of "blame America first." In the realm of social issues,he set out deliberately to curb the "imperial judiciary" and reorient a left-leaning Supreme Court."
George H.Nash,"How Great Was Ronald Reagan?"
Using the excerpts above,answer parts a,b,and c.
a)Briefly explain ONE major difference between Dreier's and Nash's interpretation of the legacy of President Ronald Reagan.
b)Briefly explain how ONE specific event,development,or circumstance in the period after 1980 that is not specifically mentioned in the excerpts could be used to support Dreier's argument.
c)Briefly explain how ONE specific event,development,or circumstance in the period after 1980 that is not specifically mentioned in the excerpts could be used to support Nash's argument.

Question 51

Directions: These questions are based on the accompanying documents.The documents have been edited for the purpose of this exercise.
In your response you should do the following:
•State a relevant thesis that directly addresses all parts of the question.
•Support the thesis or a relevant argument with evidence from all,or all but one,of the documents.
•Incorporate analysis of all,or all but one,of the documents into your argument.
•Focus your analysis of each document on at least one of the following: intended audience,purpose,historical context,and/or point of view.
•Support your argument with analysis of historical examples outside the documents.
•Connect historical phenomena relevant to your argument to broader events or processes.
•Synthesize the elements above into a persuasive essay that extends your argument,connects it to a different historical context,or accounts for contradictory evidence on the topic.
In the era after 1980,controversy grew about the legality and morality of gay rights.Analyze the impact of gay rights on American culture and the responses of Americans to these changes.