Deck 23: Heart Valves and Heart Sounds; Valvular and Congenital Heart Defects

Question 1

An echocardiogram was performed on a 5-year-old male child. The results indicated thickened right and left ventricles. Arterial oxygen concentration is normal. What condition does the boy have?

A)Tetralogy of Fallot
B)Mild aortic insufficiency
C)Patent ductus arteriosus
D)Tricuspid stenosis
E)Mild mitral stenosis

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The fourth heart sound is associated with which of the following?

A)In-rushing of blood into the ventricles due to atrial contraction
B)Closing of the A-V valves
C)Closing of the pulmonary valve
D)Opening of the A-V valves
E)In-rushing of blood into the ventricles in the early to middle part of diastole

Answer 2

A

Question 3

An increase in left atrial pressure is most likely to occur in which of the following heart murmurs?

A)Tricuspid stenosis
B)Pulmonary valve regurgitation
C)Mitral regurgitation
D)Tricuspid regurgitation

Answer 3

C

Question 4

An echocardiogram was performed on a 6-year-old child. The results indicate a thickened right ventricle. Other data indicate that the patient had severely decreased arterial oxygen content and equal systolic pressures in both cardiac ventricles. What condition does the child have?

A)Interventricular septal defect
B)Tetralogy of Fallot
C)Pulmonary valve stenosis
D)Pulmonary valve regurgitation
E)Patent ductus arteriosus

Question 5

Which of the following heart murmurs is only heard during diastole?

A)Patent ductus arteriosus
B)Aortic stenosis
C)Tricuspid valve regurgitation
D)Interventricular septal defect
E)Mitral stenosis

Question 6

A 70-year-old male patient at UMC has been diagnosed with a heart murmur. A chest radiograph shows an enlarged heart. The mean QRS axis of his electrocardiogram is -40 degrees. Pulmonary wedge pressure is elevated and rales are present. What is the diagnosis?

A)Mitral stenosis
B)Aortic insufficiency
C)Pulmonary valve stenosis
D)Tricuspid stenosis
E)Tricuspid regurgitation

Question 7

A 50 year-old female patient at UMC has been diagnosed with a low-pitched heart murmur. Pulmonary wedge pressure is elevated. The mean QRS axis of the electrocardiogram is 60 degrees. What is the diagnosis?

A)Mitral valve stenosis
B)Aortic valve stenosis
C)Pulmonary valve stenosis
D)Tricuspid valve stenosis
E)Tricuspid valve regurgitation

Question 8

A 50-year-old female patient at has been diagnosed with a heart murmur. A murmur of relatively low pitch is heard maximally over the second intercostal space to the right of the sternum. The chest radiograph shows an enlarged heart. The mean QRS axis of the electrocardiogram is -45 degrees. What is the diagnosis?

A)Mitral valve stenosis
B)Aortic valve stenosis
C)Pulmonary valve stenosis
D)Tricuspid valve stenosis
E)Tricuspid valve regurgitation

Question 9

Which one of the following heart murmurs is heard during systole?

A)Interventricular septal defect
B)Mitral stenosis
C)Aortic regurgitation
D)Tricuspid stenosis
E)Pulmonary valve regurgitation

Question 10

The third heart sound is associated with which of the following?

A)In-rushing of blood into the ventricles due to atrial contraction
B)Closing of the A-V valves
C)Closing of the pulmonary valve
D)Opening of the A-V valves
E)In-rushing of blood into the ventricles in the early to middle part of diastole

Question 11

Which of the following heart murmurs is heard only during diastole?

A)Patent ductus arteriosus
B)Aortic stenosis
C)Tricuspid valve stenosis
D)Interventricular septal defect
E)Mitral regurgitation