Deck 3: Fetal Development

Question 1

The nurse explains to a pregnant patient that blood is circulating through the placenta to the fetus by way of:

A) one umbilical vein.
B) two umbilical veins.
C) one umbilical artery.
D) two umbilical arteries.

Answer 1

one umbilical vein.

Question 2

A woman missed her menstrual period 1 week ago and has come to the doctor's office for a pregnancy test.The nurse knows that the placental hormone measured in pregnancy tests is:

A) progesterone.
B) estrogen.
C) human chorionic gonadotropin.
D) human placental lactogen.

Answer 2

human chorionic gonadotropin.

Question 3

The nurse explains that the usual location for implantation of the zygote is the:

A) upper section of the posterior uterine wall.
B) lower portion of the uterus near the cervical os.
C) inner third of the fallopian tube near the uterus.
D) lateral aspect of the uterine wall.

Answer 3

upper section of the posterior uterine wall.

Question 4

The total number of chromosomes contained in a mature sperm or ovum is:

A) 22.
B) 23.
C) 44.
D) 46.

Question 5

A woman who is 25 weeks pregnant asks the nurse what her fetus looks like.The nurse explains that one physical characteristic present in a 25-week-old fetus is:

A) lanugo covering the body.
B) constant motion.
C) skin that is pink and smooth.
D) eyes that are closed.

Question 6

The nurse explains that if one parent has a dominant gene and the other parent does not,the percentage of children carrying the dominant gene will be:

A) 10%.
B) 25%.
C) 50%.
D) 100%.

Question 7

At what point in prenatal development do the lungs begin to produce surfactant?

A) 17 weeks
B) 20 weeks
C) 25 weeks
D) 30 weeks

Question 8

The embryo is termed a fetus at which stage of prenatal development?

A) 2 weeks
B) 4 weeks
C) 9 weeks
D) 16 weeks

Question 9

The school nurse counseling a group of adolescent girls states that sperm ejaculated near the cervix:

A) are destroyed by the acidic pH of the vagina.
B) survive up to 5 days and can cause pregnancy.
C) lose their motility in about 12 hours after intercourse.
D) are usually pushed out of the vagina by the muscular action of the vaginal wall.

Question 10

During an ultrasound,two amnions and two placentas are observed.The nurse is aware that this pregnancy will result in _____ twins.

A) dizygotic
B) monozygotic
C) conjoined
D) high birth-weight

Question 11

In fetal circulation,the purpose of the ductus venosus is to bypass the:

A) liver.
B) heart.
C) lungs.
D) kidneys.

Question 12

When the patient asks when her infant's heart will begin to pump blood,the nurse replies that blood circulation begins:

A) by the end of week 3.
B) beginning in week 8.
C) at the end of week 16.
D) beginning in week 24.

Question 13

When preparing to teach a class about prenatal development,the nurse would include information about folic acid supplementation because it is known to prevent:

A) congenital heart defects.
B) neural tube defects.
C) mental retardation.
D) premature birth.

Question 14

The embryonic membrane that contains fingerlike projections on its surface,which attach to the uterine wall,is the:

A) amnion.
B) yolk sac.
C) chorion.
D) decidua basalis.

Question 15

The nurse informs a class of expectant parents that the fetus is first considered viable at the age of _____ weeks.

A) 14
B) 20
C) 25
D) 30

Question 16

A pregnant woman states,"My husband hopes I will give him a boy because we have three girls." The nurse explains that:

A) the sex chromosome of the fertilized ovum determines the gender of the child.
B) when the sperm and ovum are united, there is a 75% chance the child will be a girl.
C) when the pH of the female reproductive tract is acidic, the child will be a girl.
D) if a sperm carrying a Y chromosome fertilizes an ovum, then a boy is produced.

Question 17

Untreated respiratory distress in the newborn could cause which complication?

A) Esophageal atresia
B) Gastric dilation
C) Cold stress
D) Reopening of the foramen ovale

Question 18

Using a diagram,the nurse points out the most common site for fertilization,which is the:

A) lower segment of the uterus.
B) outer third of the fallopian tube near the ovary.
C) upper portion of the uterus.
D) area of the fallopian tube farthest from the ovary.

Question 19

The nurse explains that monozygotic twins are frequently below average birth weight because of inadequate:

A) space in the uterus.
B) blood supply.
C) maternal health.
D) placental nutrition.

Question 20

The nurse explains that the hormone responsible for converting the endometrium into decidual cells for implantation is:

A) estrogen.
B) human chorionic gonadotropin.
C) human placental lactogen.
D) progesterone.

Question 21

The nurse explains that survival of the X and Y bearing sperm after intercourse can be affected by the woman's:

A) age.
B) estrogen level.
C) body temperature.
D) level of feminine hygiene.

Question 22

The normal umbilical cord is comprised of:

A) 1 artery carrying blood to the fetus and 1 vein carrying blood away from the fetus.
B) 1 artery carrying blood to the fetus and 2 veins carrying blood away from the fetus.
C) 2 arteries carrying blood away from the fetus and 1 vein carrying blood to the fetus.
D) 2 arteries carrying blood to the fetus and 2 veins carrying blood away from the fetus.

Question 23

A nurse is teaching a class on fetal development to a class of high school students and explains the primary germ layers.What are the germ layers? Select all that apply.

A) Ectoderm
B) Endoderm
C) Mesoderm
D) Plastoderm
E) Blastoderm

Question 24

The amniotic fluid has several functions.What are they? Select all that apply.

A) Maintaining an even temperature
B) Impeding excessive fetal movement
C) Lubricating fetal skin
D) Acting as reservoir for nutrients
E) Acting as cushion for fetus

Question 25

The nurse explains that prior to fertilization each cell is reduced from 46 chromosomes to 23 chromosomes.This is referred to as the __________ number.

Question 26

The component of development that programs the genetic code into the nucleus of the cell is ____________.

Question 27

Organize the developmental stages in the correct order.

A) Fetus
B) Zygote
C) Embryo
D) Blastocyst
E) Morula

Question 28

The vessels comprising the umbilical cord are cushioned and protected by a substance called ___________ _____________.