Deck 16: A New Birth of Freedom, 1862-1865

Question 1

Which of the following most ensured Lincoln's reelection?

A) Sherman's and Sheridan's victories
B) The strong northern economy despite the war.
C) The surrender of Lee.
D) The victory at Shiloh.
E) The Homestead Act.

Answer 1

Sherman's and Sheridan's victories

Question 2

Which of the following was not accomplished by the Union victory at Antietam?

A) It convinced England to withhold recognition of the Confederacy.
B) Northern Democrats failed to gain control of the House.
C) The Confederates retreated across the Potomac.
D) It led Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
E) It led to the elevation of Robert E.Lee as commander of Confederate forces.

Answer 2

It led to the elevation of Robert E.Lee as commander of Confederate forces.

Question 3

The race riots of the summer of 1863 were a result of

A) the Emancipation Proclamation.
B) the draft.
C) Confederate victories at Chancellorsville.
D) decreasing support for Lincoln.
E) black migration from the South.

Answer 3

the draft.

Question 4

General McClellan was known for being

A) aggressive.
B) risk taking.
C) bold.
D) cautious.
E) fast.

Question 5

One of the most common denunciations of the Union draft of 1863 was

A) that it made the war a fight to end slavery.
B) that it was a "rich man's war and a poor man's fight."
C) that blacks would be forced to fight to save white lives.
D) that it was illegal.
E) it was too expensive.

Question 6

Through 1864, Northerners were ____ about the war effort.

A) frustrated
B) suspicious
C) confident
D) confused
E) angry

Question 7

The Southern prison camp where 13,000 Union soldiers died was

A) Shiloh.
B) Andersonville.
C) Franklin.
D) Shenandoah.
E) Chickamauga.

Question 8

During the Civil War, how many African American regiments were there in the Union army?

A) 6
B) 16
C) 66
D) 116
E) 166

Question 9

In what area did women make the most visible impact during the war?

A) war industries
B) taking control of plantations
C) clerical roles
D) medicine
E) the arts

Question 10

The Emancipation Proclamation

A) ended slavery in the border states.
B) officially ended slavery in the United States.
C) ended slavery in areas in rebellion.
D) ended slavery in Confederate states under Union occupation.
E) ended slavery only in national territories.

Question 11

The foremost Peace Democrat in the United States (eventually banished to the Confederacy) was

A) Clement Vallandigham.
B) Edward Everett.
C) Ben Butler.
D) Horatio Seymour.
E) William Lloyd Garrison.

Question 12

In mid-1863, the main problem faced by the Confederacy was

A) poor military and governmental leadership.
B) low morale.
C) threat of slave revolts.
D) food shortages and hyperinflation.
E) inability to dispatch troops to fight the north directly.

Question 13

Contraband of war referred to

A) military equipment captured by the Confederacy.
B) escaped slaves.
C) shipments of war material from abroad.
D) stolen food.
E) a secret code.

Question 14

The Thirteenth Amendment

A) gave citizenship to freed slaves.
B) ended slavery.
C) took the vote away from Confederate officials.
D) outlawed segregation.
E) gave women the vote.

Question 15

The most celebrated black regiment in the Union army was the

A) 10th Maine.
B) 54th Massachusetts.
C) 7th New York.
D) 39th Illinois.
E) Texas 5th.

Question 16

Which of the following battles was not a Union victory?

A) Vicksburg
B) Chickamauga
C) Gettysburg
D) Antietam
E) Chattanooga

Question 17

Grant's strategy as general-in-chief was to

A) make occasional probes against the enemy and then quickly retreat.
B) take Richmond.
C) make constant attacks against Confederate forces on all fronts.
D) avoid an all-out military showdown.
E) starve the citizens of the Confederacy until they surrendered.

Question 18

The prisoner-of-war issue became a serious problem

A) after the Union began organizing regiments of former slaves.
B) during the election of 1864.
C) after the original prison compounds filled up.
D) because of both sides' plans for mass executions of prisoners.
E) when the Union began deporting prisoners to Mexico.

Question 19

The single bloodiest day in American history took place at what Maryland battlefield?

A) Shiloh
B) Wilderness
C) Antietam
D) Chancellorsville
E) Fort Sumter

Question 20

Initially, black troops were recruited in the North in order to

A) make it clear that this was a war about equal rights.
B) show the ability of black troops.
C) inspire slave insurrections in the South.
D) free up white men for domestic jobs.
E) answer the need for more troops.

Question 21

The 54th Massachusetts Infantry was

A) a black regiment that fought bravely and suffered heavy casualties at Fort Wagner.
B) the only black battalion in the Union Army.
C) the honor guard for President Lincoln.
D) commanded by William Tecumseh Sherman at Vicksburg.
E) responsible for the Union victory at Gettysburg.

Question 22

Once President Lincoln had decided to issue the Emancipation Proclamation, he delayed

A) hoping for a military victory.
B) expecting the South to surrender.
C) until a new Union commander could be found who would support his decision.
D) until after the election of 1864.
E) until the British entered the war.

Question 23

Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation for all of the following reasons except

A) to quiet abolitionists who were pressuring him to make a strong statement on the subject.
B) because the border states rejected his plan for compensation and gradual emancipation.
C) because he truly believed that the "monstrous" institution of slavery should be outlawed.
D) as a means to save the Union.
E) in order to win British support for the Union.

Question 24

The Confederate strategy for winning the war in 1864 included

A) a full-scale invasion of the North in order to take control of the border states.
B) besieging Washington, DC and capturing Abraham Lincoln and his cabinet.
C) the assassination of Lincoln and the leading Union Generals Grant and Sherman.
D) continuing the war until the U.S.presidential election and exhausting the North's will to fight.
E) mobilizing their European allies to fight.

Question 25

How was prominent New Englander Robert Gould Shaw associated with the 54th Massachusetts Infantry?

A) He suggested its formation.
B) As a colonel, he commanded the unit.
C) It was dedicated to him.
D) He was critical about how it was deployed.
E) Two of his sons served in it.

Question 26

Northern women contributed to the war effort by

A) sitting at home patiently waiting for their men to return.
B) donating money to establish retirement homes for veterans.
C) picketing the White House and demanding that Congress stop the war.
D) working in factories, offices and hospitals.
E) providing entertainment for the troops.

Question 27

The Confederate government's position on the recruitment of slaves for the Southern armies was

A) never seriously considered.
B) to assign each Confederate battalion one regiment of noncombat black troops to do menial jobs.
C) to finally authorize the recruitment of slaves as soldiers just weeks before the war ended.
D) approved by the Confederate Congress but the bill was vetoed by Jefferson Davis.
E) to use slaves to fight for the Confederacy from the beginning of the war.

Question 28

Early in the war, Frederick Douglass argued that

A) the South should be allowed to secede so that the North could become truly dedicated to equality.
B) foreign aid would be necessary to win the war.
C) Union commanders must return slaves to their masters until a decision was made for emancipation.
D) Lincoln should be impeached for his refusal to issue an emancipation proclamation.
E) the North must fight a war against slavery as well as against slaveholders.

Question 29

The Twenty Negro Law

A) replaced the three-fifths rule as the method of counting slaves for representation purposes.
B) gave a draft exemption for one white man on each plantation that owned at least twenty slaves.
C) provided that no more than twenty Negroes per week could be liberated by the Union Army.
D) assigned free blacks and fugitive slaves to white military units in groups of twenty or more.
E) required each plantation to send twenty Negroes to help the army.

Question 30

Robert E.Lee surrendered his Army of Northern Virginia in

A) Petersburg.
B) Richmond.
C) Appomattox.
D) Manassas.
E) Atlanta.

Question 31

At Gettysburg, General Robert E.Lee

A) ordered the destruction of the town in retaliation for the townspeople's disloyalty.
B) lost fewer men than the Union did.
C) was uncharacteristically hesitant in engaging in battle.
D) was drunk in his tent during the battle.
E) had come to believe in the invincibility of his army.

Question 32

All of the following were true of the draft in both the North and the South except

A) The draft caused protests, violence, and class conflicts.
B) Those who could afford it could hire a replacement and thereby avoid service.
C) The age limit was set at 45.
D) Only poor men were subject to conscription.
E) Both sides resorted to the draft because of a shortage of available troops.

Question 33

All of the following were results of the Civil War except

A) Slavery was abolished.
B) The concept of secession was discredited.
C) Power in national politics was transferred from the South to the North.
D) The states' rights philosophy was upheld.
E) The South was left impoverished.

Question 34

General William T.Sherman's tactics included

A) hit-and-run guerrilla attacks to harass Southern armies.
B) terrorist bombings and assassinations.
C) destruction of both military and nonmilitary facilities in order to crush the spirit of the civilians.
D) murdering civilians.
E) waiting until the Confederates attack and then fighting back aggressively.

Question 35

In both Northern and Southern prisoner of war camps,

A) prisoners were held for an average of five months and then exchanged or released.
B) thousands died from exposure, overcrowding, and malnutrition.
C) at least half of the prisoners were executed for trying to escape.
D) the International Red Cross assured that prisoners were treated humanely.
E) few prisoners were taken and so the camps were unnecessary.

Question 36

At the beginning of the Civil War most Northerners

A) hoped to add Mexican territory to the Union.
B) were indifferent to the issues.
C) were divided by the issues regarding slavery.
D) felt that the South should be allowed to secede.
E) agreed they were fighting to preserve the Union.

Question 37

"Copperheads" were

A) fugitive slaves who came into Union army camps.
B) Republicans who opposed Lincoln because he refused to emancipate the slaves.
C) Peace Democrats.
D) Union army commanders who adopted the tactic of total war the South.
E) abolitionists.

Question 38

Lincoln suspended the writ of habeas corpus in order to

A) arrest deserters from the Union army.
B) hold fugitive slaves without bail.
C) arrest rioters and antiwar activists.
D) execute Confederate commanders.
E) arrest his political opponents.

Question 39

During the Civil War, Congress created a "blueprint for modern America" with

A) the Homestead Act, which provided 160 acres of free land to those who lived on it for five years.
B) Civil Rights Acts that protected the voting rights of free black Americans.
C) the passage of the Emancipation Proclamation.
D) plans for aid to business.
E) plans for building skyscrapers in northern cities.

Question 40

The peace initiatives of 1864 failed because

A) by this time neither side was willing to compromise on the issues of secession and slavery.
B) the South believed Ulysses S.Grant was an incompetent drunk who could not possibly defeat Robert E.Lee.
C) Lincoln was bitter over the rising Union casualty rate and wanted to kill as many Confederates as possible.
D) the Northern press and public totally opposed any attempt to reconcile with the South.
E) Lincoln was too anxious to compromise with the South.

Question 41

In 1863 peace candidates in the Confederacy

A) were overwhelmingly defeated.
B) won both houses of Congress.
C) made significant gains.
D) were all arrested for treason.
E) joined the Republican party.

Question 42

Contrabands of war were maxim rifles.

Question 43

In the end, Copperheads wanted

A) the South to win.
B) peace.
C) emancipation of all slaves.
D) a prolonging of the war.
E) a stable hard currency.

Question 44

In the North Democrats generally

A) supported the draft.
B) did not take a stand on the draft.
C) pushed for a provision that allowed wealthy men to buy their way out of the draft.
D) supported the draft for blacks but not for whites.
E) opposed the draft.

Question 45

Throughout 1861, both Southern and Northern leaders attempted to keep the issue of slavery out of the war.

Question 46

In 1862, Lincoln relied on force to keep the border states in line.

Question 47

Bounty jumpers were men who

A) changed political parties for a bribe.
B) deserted the Confederacy and joined the Union army.
C) enlisted for the bounty and then deserted.
D) were slaves who left the plantations to join the Union army.
E) supported the abolition of slavery.

Question 48

As a result of the Confederate victory at Chancellorsville

A) opposition to Lincoln grew in the North.
B) efforts were renewed to gain British recognition of the Confederacy.
C) Lee decided to invade the North.
D) Stonewall Jackson was accidentally shot by his own men.
E) all of these choices.

Question 49

It was pragmatism more than principle that pushed the North toward black recruitment.

Question 50

The Confederate government passed a bill that recruited slaves to fight for the South.

Question 51

The Emancipation Proclamation ended slavery immediately.

Question 52

All of the following were major challenges the South faced in 1864 except

A) food shortages.
B) loss of all significant generals.
C) inflation.
D) military defeats.
E) political discontent.

Question 53

The border states voted in favor of compensated emancipation.

Question 54

Many Southerners succumbed to defeatism in the winter of 1863-64.

Question 55

The victory at Vicksburg was significant because it

A) finally convinced Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation.
B) gave the Union control of the Mississippi and divided the Confederacy.
C) stopped Lee's invasion of the North.
D) opened the way for the Union to take Richmond.
E) stopped the Indian raids in the West.

Question 56

Abraham Lincoln was assassinated by an unstable Confederate supporter.

Question 57

One could avoid the draft in the South legally if

A) they owned 20 slaves.
B) they owned $50,000 worth of taxable property.
C) their family was already serving.
D) the majority of the male population of the town was already serving.
E) if they had a religious justification for doing so.

Question 58

The Morrill Land-Grant College Act

A) established colleges for the freed slaves.
B) created a national university.
C) provided scholarships for poor students.
D) created technical colleges in the North.
E) gave states land to fund colleges.

Question 59

The Democratic Party's 1864 platform called for an immediate cessation of hostilities.

Question 60

At the Battle of Gettysburg, Pickett's charge

A) resulted in failure and defeat for Lee's army.
B) succeeded temporarily in breaking through the Union defenses.
C) won great acclaim for Lee's battle strategy.
D) stopped Lee's retreat to Virginia.
E) secured an important victory for the Confederacy.

Question 61

Several Southern black regiments fought during the Civil War.

Question 62

Jefferson Davis experienced little public criticism in the South.

Question 63

Union commander William S.Rosecrans won a decisive victory at the Battle of Stone River in Tennessee.

Question 64

The North instituted conscription before the South.

Question 65

The planter class was underrepresented in the Confederate army.

Question 66

In the North, the issue of slavery was deeply divisive.

Question 67

Lincoln believed that issuing an emancipation proclamation was a military necessity.

Question 68

During the Civil War, Lincoln violated the civil rights of antiwar activists by having them arrested and held without trial.

Question 69

Women took matters into their own hands at times in the South to secure food.

Question 70

Lincoln's preliminary emancipation proclamation came as a total surprise.

Question 71

The war worked against the women's movement.

Question 72

The South's many problems during the Civil War did not include food shortages.

Question 73

The Copperheads had no effect at all on Northern morale.

Question 74

The Emancipation Proclamation exempted border states.

Question 75

Lincoln endorsed the swift arrest and trial of Clement Vallandigham for treason.

Question 76

The Emancipation Proclamation radically enlarged the purpose of the Civil War.

Question 77

Lincoln supported the order of Major General John C.Fremont freeing the slaves of all Confederate sympathizers in Missouri.

Question 78

Following his trial for treason, due to his criticism of the war, Ohio Congressman Clement L.Vallandigham was banished to the Confederacy, where he later won election, in 1868, as Governor of Georgia.

Question 79

The Union's conscription law was designed more to encourage volunteers to come forward than it was to draft men directly.

Question 80

The state elections in the fall of 1863 were a powerful endorsement of the administration's emancipation policy.