Deck 15: Secession and Civil War, 1860-1862

Question 1

The president of the Confederacy was

A) Robert E.Lee.
B) Alexander Stephens.
C) Jefferson Davis.
D) John C.Calhoun.
E) Stonewall Jackson.

Answer 1

Jefferson Davis.

Question 2

To achieve victory, the Confederacy felt it had to

A) "bring" the war North in order to demoralize the population there.
B) capture Washington, DC.
C) defend the South from Northern armies.
D) enlist aid from foreign governments.
E) mobilize the Indians to fight the Union.

Answer 2

defend the South from Northern armies.

Question 3

All of the following statements regarding Abraham Lincoln's election in 1860 are true except he

A) only carried one southern state.
B) received less than 40 percent of the popular vote.
C) won every free state.
D) won by a substantial margin in the electoral college.
E) received more popular votes than Breckinridge.

Answer 3

only carried one southern state.

Question 4

The Union war effort was financed primarily by

A) war bonds.
B) "greenbacks."
C) tariffs.
D) income taxes.
E) charitable contributions.

Question 5

Despite the fact that the U.S.Navy placed hundreds of warships on blockade duty, in 1861 ____ out of every 10 ships headed to Confederate ports slipped through the blockade.

A) 1
B) 3
C) 5
D) 7
E) 9

Question 6

Which of the following slave states did not secede from the United States?

A) Kansas
B) Kentucky
C) Arkansas
D) Tennessee
E) Texas

Question 7

The Confederate war effort was financed primarily by

A) war bonds.
B) income taxes.
C) tariffs.
D) treasury notes.
E) charitable contributions.

Question 8

The essence of "King Cotton Diplomacy" was to

A) cut off the supply of cotton to the North and to force Lincoln to the bargaining table.
B) cut off the supply of cotton to England and gain British recognition of the Confederacy.
C) sell Southern cotton abroad and use it for collateral for loans to purchase war materials.
D) use the lure of cotton exports to win support from France.
E) reopen the African slave trade and increase cotton production.

Question 9

One of the major problems faced by Union armies during the campaigns of 1862 was

A) poor training and inexperience of the troops.
B) inadequate supplies and war materials.
C) resistance to the draft.
D) Lincoln's hesitancy in pressing the war effort.
E) McClellan's reluctance to fight.

Question 10

Which was not a Northern military advantage over the South?

A) large manpower advantages
B) better commanding officers in the field
C) industrial advantages
D) transportation and communications advantages
E) greater bank capital and wealth

Question 11

The Crittenden Compromise

A) promised to protect slavery in all territories south of 36 $\degree$ 30'.
B) guaranteed more representation to southern states in the House of Representatives.
C) denied the right of slaveholders to be compensated for runaway slaves.
D) argued for popular sovereignty on the slavery question.
E) received strong support in the South.

Question 12

The main plank of the Republican Party's 1860 platform called for

A) a higher tariff.
B) federal aid for railroad construction.
C) a homestead act.
D) abolishing the slave trade in Washington, D.C.
E) exclusion of slavery from the territories.

Question 13

The first significant battle of the Civil War took place at

A) Bull Run.
B) Harpers Ferry.
C) Shiloh.
D) Seven Pines.
E) Gettysburg.

Question 14

The Constitution of the Confederate States of America

A) argued for the sovereignty of the Confederate government over that of the states.
B) specifically denied the right of secession.
C) guaranteed slavery in both the states and the territories.
D) was significantly different from the U.S.Constitution.
E) provided for the gradual abolition of slavery.

Question 15

The Civil War began on April 12, 1861, at

A) Bull Run.
B) Fort Sumter.
C) Fort Wagner.
D) Lawrence, Kansas.
E) Gettysburg.

Question 16

The appointment of ____ to command Confederate armies in Virginia marked a turning point in the Civil War.

A) Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson
B) J.E.B.Stuart
C) Robert E.Lee
D) Joseph Johnston
E) Jefferson Davis

Question 17

Which of the following states entered the Union during the Civil War?

A) Utah
B) Oklahoma
C) West Virginia
D) Colorado
E) Maine

Question 18

Who of the following did not run for the presidency in 1860?

A) John C.Breckinridge
B) Stephen Douglas
C) William Seward
D) John Bell
E) Abraham Lincoln

Question 19

According to the theory of secession,

A) each state gave away its fundamental sovereignty and therefore was permanently subject to the Constitution.
B) no state could legally withdraw from the union.
C) no state had given away its fundamental sovereignty and therefore each could withdraw from the union.
D) no state had ever given away its fundamental sovereignty, but each had to recognize the final authority of the federal government.
E) secession could only be accomplished if a popular vote were held on the issue.

Question 20

The reputation of General Ulysses S.Grant was established in 1862

A) because of his brilliant service under McClellan in Virginia.
B) with his stirring victories at Forts Donelson and Henry in Tennessee.
C) with his important victory at Perryville.
D) in defeat, at Bull Run.
E) with his victory at Gettysburg.

Question 21

The 1860 Republican Party platform called for all of the following except

A) a higher tariff.
B) a homestead act.
C) abolition.
D) federal aid for a transcontinental railroad.
E) federal program to improve river transportation.

Question 22

The first Battle of Bull Run is most significant because

A) it revealed how short the war would be.
B) it made the north feel that the war was essentially over and they had won.
C) more Confederates died than Union soldiers.
D) it made Grant stand out to Lincoln.
E) it was a wake-up call to the north that this war would be long and drawn out.

Question 23

During the Civil War, the state of Missouri

A) seceded and joined the Confederacy.
B) was invaded by Confederate troops and remained under their military control.
C) was torn by a vicious guerrilla war between Confederate bushwhackers and Union jayhawkers.
D) contributed more men to the Union Army than any other state.
E) attempted to create a western confederacy.

Question 24

South Carolina attacked Fort Sumter when

A) the Union navy blockaded Charleston Harbor.
B) Lincoln announced his plan to peacefully resupply the fort.
C) soldiers from the fort fired on local fishermen.
D) Secretary of War Edwin Stanton declared the seceded state "in rebellion."
E) southern sympathizers were executed in the North.

Question 25

Jefferson Davis was chosen president of the Confederacy because he was

A) the most outspoken of the radical secessionists.
B) a nephew of George Washington and would therefore make the Confederacy more legitimate.
C) a moderate who had extensive military and political experience.
D) the only person who wanted to assume the office.
E) from the North.

Question 26

On the issue of secession, most Northerners agreed that

A) the union was a voluntary association and therefore could be dissolved.
B) the Southern states were an economic drain on the nation and so the North would actually profit from secession.
C) secession was unconstitutional, treasonable, and impossible.
D) the issue should be decided by the Supreme Court, not by the president.
E) the issue should be decided by a nationwide referendum.

Question 27

At the beginning of the war, the Confederacy benefited from its

A) loyal slaves, many of whom were recruited as soldiers.
B) friendly relations with European countries that gave money and supplies to the "new nation."
C) calm and reasonable leaders who created sympathy for "the cause" among Northern conservatives.
D) rural traditions of hunting and riding that prepared its population for military activities.
E) large numbers of factories.

Question 28

The first battle of the "ironclads" at Hampton Roads was significant because

A) the Confederate navy lost its only metal-plated ship and never built another.
B) it proved that steam-powered ships were too dangerous to use in coastal waters.
C) it was the biggest Union naval victory of the war.
D) it demonstrated that a new era of naval technology had begun.
E) it proved the effectiveness of submarine warfare.

Question 29

About ____ of the Union's wartime revenue came from selling war bonds.

A) two-thirds
B) one-half
C) three-quarters
D) four-fifths
E) nine-tenths

Question 30

All of the following were northern advantages except

A) greater population.
B) defensive war as a strategy.
C) greater industrial production.
D) larger military.
E) superior resources.

Question 31

Which of the following best describes both militaries?

A) They were mostly volunteers early on.
B) They were always supplied well.
C) They were always upper class.
D) Neither side utilized African Americans.
E) They were all draftees.

Question 32

Many of the civilized Native Americans in Indian Territory (Oklahoma)

A) owned slaves and thus sided with the Confederacy.
B) ignored the Civil War completely.
C) took advantage of the Civil War by killing all the white people in the area.
D) moved further west to avoid being drawn into the conflict.
E) sued for the right to fight in the Union army.

Question 33

Robert E.Lee joined the Confederacy because he

A) was offered more money by the Confederacy than he was making in the Union military.
B) owned over two hundred slaves and feared that he would be bankrupted if they were freed.
C) believed the Southern states had a constitutional right to secede from the Union.
D) was anxious to help weaken the North.
E) loved his home state of Virginia and could not fight against it.

Question 34

In the famous naval battle of 1861, the Northern ship Monitor faced the Southern ironclad, the

A) Virginia.
B) Alabama.
C) Carolina.
D) Georgia.
E) Confederate.

Question 35

At the Battle of the Seven Days, Confederate armies prevented George McClellan from capturing which vital Southern city?

A) Atlanta
B) Charleston
C) Richmond
D) New Orleans
E) Memphis

Question 36

Abraham Lincoln was nominated for the presidency by the Republican Party in 1860 because

A) he had a reputation as a radical opponent of slavery.
B) his wealthy family funded an expensive grassroots campaign for the nomination.
C) he had the support of southern Republicans.
D) his strong stand on immigration restrictions would attract nativist voters to the Republican Party.
E) he was a moderate whose career exemplified the opportunities possible in a free-labor system.

Question 37

The Anaconda Plan was

A) Secretary of State William Seward's program for ensuring the loyalty of the Anaconda Indians during the war.
B) General Winfield Scott's strategy for encircling and squeezing the South into submission.
C) a congressional design for building dams and flood controls on the Anaconda River.
D) the Confederate battle plan for the attack at Bull Run.
E) a Union plan for financing the war effort.

Question 38

One of the most feared Southern raiding ships was the

A) Alabama.
B) Virginia.
C) Merrimac.
D) Carolina.
E) Rebel.

Question 39

John Bell won all of the following states in the election of 1860 except

A) Missouri.
B) Kentucky.
C) Virginia.
D) Tennessee.
E) none of these choices

Question 40

The Civil War is considered the first modern war because

A) it was the first internal rebellion in a major nation.
B) modern weapons such as machine guns and hand grenades were introduced.
C) new forms of communication and transportation played an important role.
D) it affected all segments of society.
E) of the relative lack of bloodship.

Question 41

Before 1860 southerners had

A) controlled the presidency most of the time.
B) been a majority on the Supreme Court.
C) provided the leadership of both the House.
D) provided the leadership of the Senate.
E) all of these choices.

Question 42

All of the following slave states remained in the Union despite the fact that approximately 14 percent of their population consisted of slaves, except

A) Arkansas.
B) Kentucky.
C) Missouri.
D) Maryland.
E) Delaware.

Question 43

The South relied on all of the following to finance the war except

A) treasury notes.
B) loans.
C) taxation.
D) new currency.
E) foreign investment.

Question 44

Many Republicans opposed the Crittenden Compromise because they feared that it would

A) turn the U.S.into a "slavebreeding and slavetrading empire."
B) bring the British into the war.
C) surrender all of the western territories to the South.
D) reunite the Democratic Party.
E) cause war with Mexico.

Question 45

All states with slaves seceded from the union between 1860 and 1861.

Question 46

The Seven Days' battles were demoralizing for the South.

Question 47

The most lethal weapon in the Civil War was which of the following?

A) cannon
B) infantry rifle
C) bayonet
D) musket
E) maxim machine gun

Question 48

South Carolina seceded from the union in 1860 because the state viewed Lincoln as an enemy to slavery.

Question 49

John C.Breckinridge ran for president in 1860 under the banner of the ____ Party.

A) Whig
B) Southern Rights Democratic
C) Democratic
D) Republican
E) American

Question 50

____ of the white population in the border states (Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, and Missouri) favored the Union.

A) one-quarter
B) one-half
C) two-thirds
D) three-quarters
E) nine-tenths

Question 51

The higher the proportion of slaves in a southern state, the greater the intensity of secessionist sentiment and likelihood that that state would be among the first to secede from the Union.

Question 52

The Civil War began when Abraham Lincoln attempted to reinforce Fort Sumter with more Union troops, which was viewed as an act of war by the South.

Question 53

The Democratic Party split into two factions before the election of 1860.

Question 54

Leaders of the Union and the Confederacy both foresaw a long, bloody struggle as war began in 1861.

Question 55

The Constitution of the Confederate States of America was drawn up in

A) Atlanta, Georgia.
B) Montgomery, Alabama.
C) Richmond, Virginia.
D) Charleston, South Carolina.
E) Austin, Texas

Question 56

Maryland and Missouri were the only two slave states that did not secede.

Question 57

The Crittenden Compromise essentially repudiated the Republican platform of 1860.

Question 58

The total Confederate population of 9 million included ____ slaves.

A) 1.6 million
B) 2.1 million
C) 2.9 million
D) 1 million
E) 3.7 million

Question 59

The Republican platform of 1860 called for the abolition of slavery.

Question 60

The Confederate economy suffered from

A) extremely high rates of inflation.
B) severe deflation.
C) exorbitant income taxes.
D) overproduction.
E) high import duties.

Question 61

Southern Democrats embraced Stephen A.Douglas as a possible presidential nominee in 1860.

Question 62

The 1860 Republican platform was designed to appeal to many groups in the North.

Question 63

Following the Civil War, in 1868, Alexander Stephens, vice-president of the Confederate States of America, asserted that slavery was the cornerstone of the Confederacy and reason for secession.

Question 64

Southerners defended their withdrawal from the Union by asserting that the leaders of the American Revolution were also secessionists.

Question 65

Citizens of both the Union and the Confederacy believed they were defending their nation, flag, Constitution, and liberty.

Question 66

The Confederacy reaped great profits from the sale of the 1861 cotton crop.

Question 67

The South's voluntary embargo of cotton exports suggested to British and French diplomats that the Union blockade was at least partly effective.

Question 68

Southerners considered the Republican pledge not to interfere with slavery in the states meaningless.

Question 69

The Confederacy won a decisive victory at the Battle of Shiloh.

Question 70

Democratic Party rules in effect gave Southerners veto power over the selection of the party's presidential nominee.

Question 71

The southern economy thrived throughout the Civil War.

Question 72

Over the course of the Civil War, a larger proportion of the North's male population of military age served in the military than did in the South.

Question 73

Stephen A.Douglas supported a federal slave code for the territories.

Question 74

The delegates at the Southern secession conventions voted unanimously in favor of withdrawing from the Union.

Question 75

Constitutional Union Party presidential candidate John Bell had no chance of winning the election of 1860.

Question 76

The northern economy was weaker than the southern economy.

Question 77

The south had the capacity to build a strong navy.

Question 78

The Battle of Shiloh was a Union victory that hurt Ulysses S.Grant's image.

Question 79

The Battle of Shiloh began with the Union on the attack.

Question 80

Had the Confederacy lost the war in the spring of 1862, the South might have returned to the Union with slavery intact.