Question 1

A patient is diagnosed with anemia and asks the nurse why the provider has ordered vitamin B₁₂ instead of iron.Which answer by the nurse is correct? A)"Vitamin B₁₂ is given to improve your overall energy level." B)"Vitamin B₁₂ is necessary for the development of red blood cells." C)"Vitamin B₁₂ prevents excess iron loss to reduce demand." D)"Vitamin B₁₂ will help you absorb iron more efficiently."

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B₁₂ is essential for DNA synthesis and aids in the conversion of folic acid to its active form and is also needed for the development of red blood cells.It does not directly improve energy level and does not affect iron loss or iron absorption.

Question 2

A female patient who has a history of heavy menstrual periods is experiencing shortness of breath with exertion,pallor,and fatigue.Her hemoglobin and hematocrit levels are both lower than normal,and her CBC reveals microcytic and hypochromic erythrocytes.What will the nurse do?

A)Contact the provider to discuss an order for 600 mg of PO ferrous sulfate BID.
B)Recommend an over-the-counter folic acid supplement of 400 mcg/day.
C)Suggest an over-the-counter iron supplement of 325 mg/day.
D)Tell her to consult a dietician about including iron-rich foods in her diet.

Accepted Answer

This patient has positive findings for iron-deficiency anemia and will need therapeutic doses of iron,which is 600 to 1200 mg/day in divided doses.Her lab tests are not consistent with folic acid deficiency.Iron supplementation of 300 to 325 mg/day is correct for prophylactic supplementation.When deficiency is present,it is very difficult to obtain the necessary amount of iron from food sources alone.

Question 3

The nurse is caring for a child who receives all nutrition parenterally.The nurse will be alert for signs of a deficiency of which mineral in this child?&#10;A)Chromium&#10;B)Copper&#10;C)Iron&#10;D)Zinc

Accepted Answer

Patients on long-term parenteral nutrition are at risk for zinc deficiency.

Question 4

A child is brought to the emergency department after ingesting a grandparent's warfarin (Coumadin)tablets.The nurse will anticipate administering which form of vitamin K?&#10;A)K1 (phytonadione)&#10;B)K2 (menaquinone)&#10;C)K3 (menadione)&#10;D)K4 (menadiol)

Accepted Answer

For oral anticoagulant overdose,vitamin K₁ is the only vitamin K form available for therapeutic use and is most effective in preventing hemorrhage.

Question 5

A patient reports taking megadoses of vitamin C to prevent upper respiratory infections.The nurse will perform which action?&#10;A)Monitor the patient for hyperglycemia.&#10;B)Notify the provider and discuss a gradual taper of vitamin C.&#10;C)Request an order for a CBC to assess the patient's hemoglobin.&#10;D)Tell the patient that studies have confirmed this use of vitamin C.

Accepted Answer

Patients who take megadoses of vitamin C should be weaned off gradually to avoid vitamin deficiency.Vitamin C can produce a false positive Clinitest but does not affect blood glucose.It does not affect hemoglobin.Studies have not demonstrated the effectiveness of vitamin C in preventing or treating colds.

Question 6

The nurse is teaching a patient about water-soluble vitamins.Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching?&#10;A)&#34;Water-soluble vitamins are excreted in the urine.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;Water-soluble vitamins are generally toxic.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;Water-soluble vitamins are highly protein-bound.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;Water-soluble vitamins are usually metabolized in the liver.&#34;

Accepted Answer

Water-soluble vitamins are not stored in the body as they are readily excreted in the urine.Because they are not stored,they are usually not toxic unless taken in extremely excessive amounts.They are not highly protein-bound and are not generally metabolized in the liver.

Question 7

A patient who will begin taking an antibiotic reports taking several vitamin supplements every day.Which vitamin or mineral will the nurse counsel the patient about during antibiotic therapy?&#10;A)Selenium&#10;B)Vitamin A&#10;C)Vitamin C&#10;D)Zinc

Accepted Answer

Zinc can interfere with antibiotic absorption and should be taken at least 2 hours after taking the antibiotic.

Question 8

A patient reports having taken a large dose of ascorbic acid (vitamin C)and is experiencing diarrhea and gastrointestinal upset.The nurse will prepare to take which action?&#10;A)Administer activated charcoal.&#10;B)Administer sodium bicarbonate.&#10;C)Perform gastric lavage.&#10;D)Provide symptomatic care.

Accepted Answer

The patient is experiencing uncomfortable side effects of excess vitamin C intake,but they are not life-threatening,so no antidotes or treatment are indicated.

Question 9

A patient who has type 2 diabetes mellitus asks the nurse about taking chromium supplements.The nurse will tell this patient that taking chromium&#10;A)can increase the risk for ketoacidosis.&#10;B)is not recommended for persons with diabetes.&#10;C)may cause hypoglycemia if taken in large doses.&#10;D)should be taken in doses greater than 200 mcg/day.

Accepted Answer

Large doses of chromium can cause a hypoglycemic reaction in patients taking insulin or oral antidiabetic agents.Normal doses are thought to be helpful in diabetic control.It does not increase the risk for ketoacidosis.The normal dose is 50-200 mcg/day.

Question 10

The nurse is caring for a patient who has a history of chronic alcohol abuse.The patient is confused and exhibits nystagmus and blurred vision.Which vitamin will the nurse expect to administer to this patient?

A)Nicotinic acid
B)Pyridoxine
C)Riboflavin
D)Thiamine

Accepted Answer

Alcoholics can develop Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome characterized by these symptoms related to thiamine deficiency.Thiamine must be given quickly to prevent progression of the disease causing irreversible brain damage.

Question 11

A patient who spends most of the time indoors has been taking megadoses of vitamin D and is worried about vitamin D toxicity.The nurse will tell this patient to report which sign that may indicate vitamin D toxicity?

A)Blurred vision
B)Darkening of the skin
C)Nausea and vomiting
D)Palpitations

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient who spends most of the...

Question 12

A patient is taking nicotinic acid (Niacin)to treat hyperlipidemia.The patient reports a flushing sensation along with gastrointestinal irritation.The nurse will perform which action?&#10;A)Contact the provider to discuss possible thromboembolism.&#10;B)Discuss decreasing the patient's dose of nicotinic acid with the provider.&#10;C)Reassure the patient that these effects will decrease over time.&#10;D)Suggest that the patient take niacin with a full glass of cool water.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient is taking nicotinic acid (Niacin)to...

Question 13

Supplementation with which fat-soluble vitamin should a patient discuss with a provider before having surgery?&#10;A)Vitamin A&#10;B)Vitamin D&#10;C)Vitamin E&#10;D)Vitamin K

Accepted Answer

The answer of Supplementation with which fat-soluble vitamin should a...

Question 14

A parent calls the nurse to report that a 5-year-old child has taken five children's vitamins.Which action will the nurse take first?&#10;A)Ask whether the vitamins contain iron.&#10;B)Reassure the parent that over-the-counter vitamins are not toxic.&#10;C)Recommend that the parent take the child to the emergency department (ED).&#10;D)Tell the parent to watch for tarry stools and report them immediately.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A parent calls the nurse to report...

Question 15

The nurse is teaching a patient who has iron-deficiency anemia about iron supplementation.Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching?&#10;A)&#34;I may improve iron absorption by taking this with orange juice.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;I should take iron tablets with an antacid to reduce gastrointestinal upset.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;Nausea and vomiting are minor side effects and will decrease over time.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;Taking iron with food will help to increase the amount absorbed.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is teaching a patient who...

Question 16

A patient asks the nurse about whether it is necessary to take vitamin supplements.The patient is a 26-year-old female who is contemplating pregnancy.The nurse will recommend which supplement?&#10;A)Calcium and vitamin D&#10;B)Folic acid (folate)&#10;C)Iron&#10;D)Vitamin C

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient asks the nurse about whether...

Question 17

A young woman tells the nurse that she has a strong family history of osteoporosis and that she has been taking calcium supplements.Which vitamin will the nurse recommend as an adjunct to calcium supplementation?

A)Vitamin A
B)Vitamin D
C)Vitamin E
D)Vitamin K

Accepted Answer

The answer of A young woman tells the nurse that...

Question 18

The nurse is teaching a patient who has a folic acid deficiency about treatment for this disorder.Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching?&#10;A)&#34;Food sources of folic acid are better than synthetic folic acid products.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;I should take megadoses of folic acid to compensate for the deficiency.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;Most folic acid is stored in the liver.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;Symptoms of folic acid deficiency often do not appear for months.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is teaching a patient who...

Question 19

The nurse is caring for an elderly patient who has poor nutrition.The nurse notes cracked skin at the corners of the patient's mouth along with generalized scaly dermatitis.The nurse will contact the provider to discuss a possible deficiency of which vitamin?

A)Nicotinic acid
B)Pyridoxine
C)Riboflavin
D)Thiamine

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nurse is caring for an elderly...

Question 20

A patient reports wanting to take vitamin A to prevent blindness.Which response by the nurse is correct?&#10;A)&#34;Vitamin A can be taken prophylactically without serious adverse effects.&#34;&#10;B)&#34;Vitamin A does not have any effects on vision.&#34;&#10;C)&#34;Vitamin A is difficult to obtain through dietary intake alone.&#34;&#10;D)&#34;Vitamin A is stored in the liver for up to 2 years,and toxicity can occur.&#34;

Accepted Answer

The answer of A patient reports wanting to take vitamin...

Deck 15: Vitamin and Mineral Replacement