Deck 14: Psychological Disorders

Question 1

According to the behaviorists, disordered behavior is a result of __________.

A) repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface
B) a set of learned responses
C) illogical thinking patterns
D) chemical imbalances and brain damage

Answer 1

a set of learned responses

Question 2

Which of the following is an anxiety disorder?

A) bipolar disorder
B) conversion disorder
C) phobic disorder
D) schizophrenia

Answer 2

phobic disorder

Question 3

In which disorder does a person seem to experience at least two or more distinct personalities existing in one body?

A) schizophrenia
B) panic disorder
C) depersonalization
D) dissociative identity disorder

Answer 3

dissociative identity disorder

Question 4

Dylan shows a pattern of instability in his relationships, self-image, and feelings. As such, he most likely has __________ personality disorder.

A) antisocial
B) borderline
C) dependent
D) avoidant

Question 5

According to the biological perspective, a person with phobia has elevated activation in which part of the brain?

A) hippocampus
B) amygdala
C) hypothalamus
D) corpus callosum

Question 6

Emma is experiencing severe anxiety. Her psychiatrist attributes her disorder to a chemical imbalance. Her psychiatrist is using the __________ of abnormality.

A) psychoanalysis
B) intrapersonal model
C) biological model
D) behavioral model

Question 7

What is the BEST way to describe the positive symptoms of schizophrenia?

A) clearly identifiable symptoms
B) a decrease in normal functioning
C) an excess or distortion of normal functions
D) symptoms that psychologists are certain are occurring

Question 8

Derek is admitted to a mental institution because he hears voices talking to him that no one else can hear, and he sees demons attacking him, though no one else can see anything near him. Derek's symptoms are known as __________.

A) delusions
B) hallucinations
C) obsessions
D) compulsions

Question 9

Any behavior that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life is considered __________.

A) deviant
B) uncomfortable
C) rare
D) maladaptive

Question 10

Liam has increased levels of the neurotransmitter dopamine in his frontal lobe areas. Which disorder might he be at risk of experiencing?

A) antisocial personality disorder
B) agoraphobia
C) schizophrenia
D) dissociative fugue

Question 11

Priya is extremely confident and feels that lately she needs very little sleep. In addition, she reports that her thoughts seem to be going fast-similar to watching three television shows at once. Priya most likely is experiencing a __________.

A) manic episode
B) dysthymic episode
C) loss of mental control
D) psychotic break

Question 12

You are a contestant on Jeopardy!, and it is your turn. You say to Alex, "I'll take Ancient Explanations of Mental Illness for $100." The answer is, "His was the first recorded attempt to explain abnormal behavior as due to some biological process." The smile on your face reveals the confidence you have as you say, __________.

A) "Who is Sigmund Freud?"
B) "Who is Hippocrates?"
C) "Who is Carl Rogers?"
D) "Who is John Watson?"

Question 13

As a serious dancer, Jacinda watches what she eats. She knows that she is underweight, but fears that if she starts eating more, she will become obese. In addition to a preoccupation with food, she has also stopped menstruating. Jacinda's behaviors suggest that she might be suffering from __________.

A) bulimia nervosa
B) compulsive exercise
C) anorexia nervosa
D) phobic disorder

Question 14

A disorder in which intruding thoughts that occur again and again are followed by repetitive, ritualistic behavior meant to lower the anxiety caused by the thoughts is called __________ disorder.

A) obsessive-compulsive
B) delusional
C) posttraumatic stress
D) passive-aggressive

Question 15

People with __________ disorders have an excessively rigid, maladaptive pattern of behavior and ways of relating to others.

A) personality
B) somatoform
C) affective
D) schizophrenic

Question 16

Dr. Nguyen is a psychologist who is currently evaluating a new client. Dr. Nguyen would most likely refer to the __________ to assist her in diagnosing her client's psychological disorder.

A) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
B) Physicians' Desk Reference
C) Textbook of Psychological Disorders
D) Textbook of Physiological Disorders

Question 17

Which of the following culture-bound disorders is most commonly seen in Latin America?

A) amok
B) koro
C) anorexia nervosa
D) ataque de nervios

Question 18

Which of the following perspectives claims that shaping may play a big role in the development of some cases of dissociative identity disorder?

A) behavioral
B) humanistic
C) biological
D) psychoanalytic

Question 19

What is the primary purpose of the DSM?

A) to help psychologists assess only normal behavior
B) to keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum
C) to help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders
D) to describe the causes of common physiological disorders

Question 20

Severe depression that comes on suddenly and is too severe for circumstances or seems to have no external cause is called __________.

A) dysthymia
B) bipolar disorder
C) hypomania
D) major depressive disorder

Question 21

Marissa is a graduate student in psychology at the local university. She is interested in one day specializing in the study of abnormal behavior and psychological dysfunctions. What area of psychology should Marissa focus on in school?

A) health psychology
B) psychopathology
C) psychobiology
D) developmental psychology

Question 22

Adalee is a retired factory worker who lives with anxiety. Due to the fear of having anxiety attacks, she does not leave her house. This makes her feel trapped in her home, which creates distress. Which criterion would be most appropriate in deciding whether Adalee's case represents an example of abnormality?

A) statistical rarity
B) subjective discomfort
C) situational context
D) social norm deviance

Question 23

Hippocrates maintained that mental illness was __________.

A) caused by supernatural forces
B) only in the mind of the beholder
C) curable through exorcism
D) caused by imbalances of vital body fluids

Question 24

It is not unreasonable to assume that in ancient times, signs of mental illness were believed to be caused by __________.

A) an imbalance of body fluids
B) demons
C) improper diet
D) social forces

Question 25

For those people in the Middle Ages who believed abnormal behavior resulted from spirit possession, the treatment of choice was __________.

A) herbal cures
B) "magic" potions
C) exorcism
D) trephining

Question 26

Which term refers to a way to define abnormality by comparing an individual's behavior to the norms or standards of the society in which he or she lives?

A) social discomfort
B) social mores
C) social context
D) social norm deviance

Question 27

What was the most likely outcome for a person who was mentally ill and accused of being a witch during the Renaissance?

A) death
B) exile from society
C) treatment
D) exorcism

Question 28

What is the primary difficulty with applying the criterion of "social norm deviance" to define abnormal behavior?

A) Norms are difficult to enumerate.
B) Cultures accept and view all behaviors as normal.
C) Behavior that is considered disordered in one culture may be acceptable in another.
D) Norms do not guide behavior except in rare instances.

Question 29

What term did Hippocrates use to describe the body's vital fluids that were believed to be the foundation of healthy or abnormal psychological functioning?

A) flora
B) potations
C) spirits
D) humors

Question 30

You are a contestant on Jeopardy!, and it is your turn. You say to Alex, "I'll take Ancient Explanations of Mental Illness for $100." The answer is, "His was the first recorded attempt to explain abnormal behavior as due to some biological process." The smile on your face reveals the confidence you have as you say, __________.

A) "Who is Sigmund Freud?"
B) "Who is Hippocrates?"
C) "Who is Carl Rogers?"
D) "Who is John Watson?"

Question 31

Charles is a man whom the local college students all think of as eccentric. Each day he stands on campus, smiling at people as they walk by, and he is known for his ever-present greeting of "Good luck!" In fact, the students at this campus have come to refer to him as "Good Luck Chuck." Nobody knows if he has a home or if he is destitute, but Charles never asks for anything. Which of the four criteria of mental illness might Charles satisfy?

A) inability to function normally
B) social norm deviance
C) subjective discomfort
D) objective discomfort

Question 32

Ancient Greeks believed imbalances in __________ caused abnormality, while people living during the Middle Ages believed it was caused by __________. However, present-day psychologists often view psychological disorders from a __________ model.

A) evil; water; biopsychosocial
B) behavior; evil; ecological
C) bile; exposure; psychodynamic
D) bodily fluids; the devil; medical

Question 33

As part of a fraternity initiation ritual, Conor is instructed to interrupt a school basketball game by running on the court naked while singing the nursery rhyme "Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star." If Conor complies with this ritual, his behavior would BEST illustrate __________.

A) psychosis
B) distress
C) disability
D) social norm deviance

Question 34

Whenever Norah thinks about her life, she automatically bursts into tears. This example most clearly illustrates the impact of __________ in psychological disorders.

A) subjective discomfort
B) defensiveness
C) denial
D) disability

Question 35

During the Renaissance, abnormal behavior was believed to result from __________.

A) witchcraft
B) demonic possession
C) disease organisms
D) body fluid imbalance

Question 36

Which of the following is one definition of abnormal behavior?

A) behavior that is rare
B) behavior that is consistent with the norms of society
C) behavior that does not create distress
D) behavior that is adaptive

Question 37

The social or environmental setting of a person's behavior is referred to as __________.

A) the situational context
B) the historical context
C) the cohort effect
D) societal norms

Question 38

What branch of psychology is concerned with the study of abnormal behavior and psychological dysfunction?

A) health psychology
B) psychopathology
C) psychobiology
D) developmental psychology

Question 39

Today, trephining is done to __________.

A) relieve pressure in the lower back
B) release demons from the possessed victim
C) relieve pressure of fluids on the brain
D) facilitate exorcisms

Question 40

Archaeologists have found skulls from as long ago as 3000 B.C.E. that bear evidence of an ancient surgical technique in which holes were cut into the skulls of live individuals in an attempt to release demons from the possessed victim. This process is called __________.

A) trephining
B) drilling
C) humoring
D) exorcism

Question 41

The psychodynamic model of abnormal behavior is based on the work of __________.

A) Freud
B) Perls
C) Rogers
D) Skinner

Question 42

Any behavior that does not allow a person to function within or adapt to the stresses and everyday demands of life is considered __________.

A) deviant
B) uncomfortable
C) rare
D) maladaptive

Question 43

According to the behaviorists, disordered behavior is a result of __________.

A) repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface
B) a set of learned responses
C) illogical thinking patterns
D) chemical imbalances and brain damage

Question 44

The biological model views psychological disorders as resulting from __________.

A) distorted thought patterns
B) repressed memories
C) underlying behavioral issues
D) physiological causes

Question 45

Which model of abnormality explains abnormal behavior as the result of a set of learned responses?

A) psychoanalytic
B) cognitive
C) behavioral
D) biological

Question 46

Aisha is afraid of cats because, when she was a little girl, a cat scared her by jumping out of her closet and onto her face. As a result of this experience, Aisha learned to be afraid of cats. Which model of abnormality offers the BEST explanation of Aisha's fear?

A) cognitive
B) behavioral
C) sociocultural
D) psychoanalytic

Question 47

A cognitive therapist is working with a depressed client. Which of the following causes is the likely focus of this therapist's intervention?

A) learned behaviors of depression
B) unusual levels of neurotransmitters
C) distorted interpretations of life events
D) a superego that is too harsh and strict

Question 48

Which model of abnormality views abnormal behavior as the result of illogical thinking?

A) psychoanalytic
B) cognitive
C) behavioral
D) biological

Question 49

A behavioral therapist is working with a depressed client. Which of the following causes is the most likely focus of this therapist's intervention?

A) learned behaviors of depression
B) unusual levels of neurotransmitters
C) negative interpretations of life events
D) a superego that is too harsh and strict

Question 50

Which of the following is an example of subjective discomfort?

A) hearing voices that no one else can hear
B) worrying about everything most of the time
C) feeling that you're better than everyone else
D) deciding that rules are for suckers and that you don't have to obey them as long as you don't get caught

Question 51

Alyson is experiencing severe anxiety. Her psychiatrist attributes her disorder to a chemical imbalance. Her psychiatrist is using the __________ model of abnormality.

A) psychoanalytic
B) intrapersonal
C) biological
D) behavioral

Question 52

Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress, causes harm to others, or harms their ability to function in daily life is called __________.

A) a psychological disorder
B) humors
C) stress syndrome
D) adaptive behavior

Question 53

One sign of abnormality is when a person engages in behavior that creates a great deal of emotional distress or __________.

A) subjective discomfort
B) social deviance
C) statistical rarity
D) situational anxiety

Question 54

Anton's wife suggests that he talk to a doctor because of his inability to cope with criticism. The doctor suggests that Anton's problem represents the expression of a repressed, unresolved, internal conflict buried in his unconscious mind that has its roots in Anton's childhood. This view is typical of the __________ model of abnormality.

A) biological
B) behavioral
C) cognitive
D) psychodynamic

Question 55

The psychodynamic model holds that abnormal behavior is the result of __________.

A) learning
B) repressed thoughts, memories, and concerns
C) biology
D) biochemical imbalances

Question 56

Ramon, a graduate student, has difficulty talking to groups. Unfortunately, he has chosen a career in which he must speak to large groups of people. The night before a presentation, he tosses and turns, and the resulting lack of sleep makes the situation worse. When he makes a presentation, he often becomes confused and stumbles over his words. As a result, he feels worthless and miserable. Which two criteria of abnormal behavior are most useful in analyzing this case?

A) inability to function normally and statistical rarity
B) subjective discomfort and inability to function normally
C) statistical rarity and deviance from social norms
D) deviance from social norms and subjective discomfort

Question 57

The __________ model of mental illness explains that disorders such as anxiety, depression, and schizophrenia are caused by chemical imbalances, genetic problems, brain damage or dysfunction, or some combination of those causes.

A) biological
B) psychodynamic
C) naturalistic
D) cognitive-behavioral

Question 58

According to the cognitive perspective, disordered behavior is the result of __________.

A) repressed thoughts and memories that try to resurface
B) a set of learned responses
C) illogical thinking patterns
D) chemical imbalances and brain damage

Question 59

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the term insanity?

A) It is a defense that is attempted in at least 40 percent of all criminal cases.
B) It is no longer used in the mental health or criminal justice fields.
C) It is a legal, not a psychological, term.
D) It can only be applied by a licensed psychologist.

Question 60

Which term refers to the need to consider the unique characteristics of the culture in which a person's behavior takes place?

A) cultural relativity
B) social context
C) situational context
D) situational relativity

Question 61

Which of the following is a legitimate hypothesis that explains why the rate of depression appears to be twice as high for women as compared to men across various cultures?

A) Women seek treatment more often than men.
B) Women appear to have excessive amounts of the neurotransmitter that plays a key role in depression.
C) The increased divorce rate has been more traumatic to how women view themselves and their purpose in life.
D) The different social roles played by women predispose them to depression.

Question 62

The primary purpose of the DSM is to __________.

A) help psychologists assess only normal behavior
B) keep the number of diagnostic categories of mental disorders to a minimum
C) help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders
D) describe the causes of common physiological disorders

Question 63

Which of the following is the most frequently diagnosed anxiety disorder in the United States?

A) specific phobia
B) social anxiety disorder
C) posttraumatic stress disorder
D) obsessive-compulsive disorder

Question 64

Which model of abnormality holds that physical, mental, and cultural factors are intertwined and that they must all be considered when dealing with psychological disorders?

A) the eclectic model
B) the biopsychosocial model
C) the psychophysiological model
D) the Gestalt model

Question 65

The __________ is used to help psychological professionals diagnose psychological disorders.

A) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
B) Physicians' Desk Reference
C) Textbook of Psychological Disorders
D) Textbook of Physiological Disorders

Question 66

DSM stands for __________.

A) Diagrammatic and Statistical Manual
B) Deviance and Sadism Manual
C) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual
D) Developmental Sickness Model

Question 67

Which of the following is TRUE regarding gender differences in the diagnosis of depression?

A) Gender differences are nonexistent in college students and single adults.
B) Gender differences get larger as adults get older.
C) Gender differences in childhood tend to reverse themselves in adulthood.
D) Women are always diagnosed with depression more than men, regardless of occupation.

Question 68

Severe depression that comes on suddenly and seems to have no external cause or is too severe for current circumstances is called __________.

A) dysthymia
B) bipolar disorder
C) hypomania
D) major depressive disorder

Question 69

What is the most recent version of the DSM?

A) DSM-III-R
B) DSM-IV-TR
C) DSM-5
D) DSM-VI-R

Question 70

Which of the following is the most commonly diagnosed psychological disorder in the United States?

A) generalized anxiety disorder
B) specific phobias
C) posttraumatic stress disorder
D) schizophrenia

Question 71

Which of the following statements is TRUE about the DSM-5?

A) It describes symptoms and includes a checklist of specific criteria for diagnosis.
B) It lists information regarding symptoms, but does not include a checklist of criteria that must be met for diagnosis.
C) It is used to diagnose medical conditions that may have an impact on mental health.
D) It is used to diagnose all kinds of medical conditions.

Question 72

Dr. Sanchez is a psychologist who is currently evaluating a new client. Dr. Sanchez would most likely refer to the __________ to assist in diagnosing the client's psychological disorder.

A) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
B) Physicians' Desk Reference
C) Textbook of Psychological Disorders
D) Textbook of Physiological Disorders

Question 73

Which of the following is a characteristic of major depressive disorder?

A) depressed mood that comes and goes frequently
B) little or no pleasure in any activities
C) heightened interest in sexual activity
D) an enhanced sense of creativity

Question 74

Some Asian cultures view mental illness as a(n) __________.

A) shameful thing that hurts the marriage chances of other family members
B) normal thing that does not affect the marriage chances of other family members
C) imbalance in bodily fluids
D) culture-bound syndrome

Question 75

The term affect is used by psychologists to refer to __________.

A) thought
B) emotion
C) behavior
D) intuition

Question 76

What do psychologists call disorders that are found only in particular cultures?

A) restricted syndromes
B) naturalistic syndromes
C) sociocultural disorders
D) cultural syndromes

Question 77

Seasonal affective disorder (SAD) seems to be related to __________.

A) low levels of thyroxine
B) low levels of sunlight
C) high levels of thyroxine
D) high levels of sunlight

Question 78

Disorders characterized by disturbances in emotion are known as __________ disorders.

A) conversion
B) somatoform
C) mood
D) dissociative

Question 79

In any given year, approximately __________ percent of adults over the age of 18 suffer from a mental disorder.

A) 12-15
B) 26-32
C) 33-38
D) 43-46

Question 80

The tendency of those studying psychopathology to start seeing themselves as suffering from the illnesses being discussed is known as __________.

A) accurate self-assessment
B) unnecessary worrying
C) psychopathological transference
D) psychology student's syndrome