Deck 11: Stress and Health

Question 1

__________ refers to the effect of unpleasant and undesirable stressors.

A) Acute stress
B) Eustress
C) Catastrophic stress
D) Distress

Answer 1

Distress

Question 2

The coping method that involves changing the way you feel or emotionally react to a stressor is known as __________.

A) a defense mechanism
B) problem-focused coping
C) self-focused coping
D) emotion-focused coping

Answer 2

emotion-focused coping

Question 3

For Rashad, who likes both movies and concerts, choosing between going to one or the other represents an __________ conflict.

A) approach-avoid
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-approach
D) incompatible demands

Answer 3

approach-approach

Question 4

The stress resulting from the need to change and adapt to the dominant or majority culture is called __________.

A) acculturative stress
B) acculturation
C) integration
D) assimilation

Question 5

What is the most extreme, final form of escape or withdrawal from frustration?

A) suicide
B) anhedonia
C) leaving the country
D) divorce

Question 6

Which type of conflict occurs when a person must choose between two goals that have both positive and negative aspects?

A) approach-avoidance conflict
B) avoidance-avoidance conflict
C) approach-approach conflict
D) double approach-avoidance conflict

Question 7

__________ is the term used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events that are threatening or challenging.

A) Stress
B) Burnout
C) Dysphoria
D) Distress

Question 8

According to some studies, people who have religious commitments are likely to __________.

A) live a shorter life than are those who do not have religious beliefs
B) lack a social-support system
C) feel alone with their struggles
D) live longer than do those who do not have religious beliefs

Question 9

Which parts of the nervous system are associated with the general adaptation syndrome?

A) somatic and parasympathetic
B) autonomic and sympathetic
C) sympathetic and parasympathetic
D) central and somatic

Question 10

Burning your toast, having trouble opening an email attachment, breaking a glass, and running late for an appointment are all examples of __________.

A) uplift
B) hassles
C) downturns
D) distress

Question 11

Research shows that __________ lowers blood pressure in those observed.

A) sensory deprivation
B) concentrative meditation
C) sublimation
D) implosive meditation

Question 12

__________ people typically do not live as long as the average life expectancy.

A) Aggressive
B) Easygoing
C) Cheerful
D) Active

Question 13

Which field studies the effects of psychological factors such as stress, emotions, thinking, and behavior on the immune system?

A) social psychology
B) psychoneuroimmunology
C) organic medicine
D) interactive psychology

Question 14

Coping with stress in the Vietnamese culture typically includes which of the following?

A) eating certain foods
B) using biofeedback
C) exercising
D) engaging in a hobby

Question 15

Working a second job to pay off credit card debt is an example of __________.

A) problem-focused coping
B) emotion-focused coping
C) distraction
D) reappraisal

Question 16

An event that causes some sort of stress reaction is referred to as __________.

A) a hassle
B) a catastrophe
C) eustress
D) a stressor

Question 17

Which major life event on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale has the highest number of life change units?

A) divorce
B) marriage
C) death of a spouse
D) damage to the home

Question 18

Which of the following is a mental series of exercises meant to refocus attention and achieve a trancelike state of consciousness?

A) meditation
B) biofeedback
C) relaxation response
D) progressive relaxation

Question 19

Which of the following is one reason why living in poverty is stressful?

A) lack of meaningfulness of work
B) too many hours of unpleasant shift work
C) increased rates of disabilities due to poor prenatal care
D) difficulty assimilating to the majority culture's ways

Question 20

Research by Teresa Amabile shows that time pressure has __________ impact on one's ability to be creative.

A) no
B) a positive
C) a negative
D) little

Question 21

Which major life event on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale has the highest number of life change units?

A) divorce
B) marriage
C) death of a spouse
D) damage to the home

Question 22

An event that causes some sort of stress reaction is referred to as __________.

A) a hassle
B) a catastrophe
C) eustress
D) a stressor

Question 23

The Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) measures stress related to __________.

A) both positive and negative life events
B) only negative life events
C) only positive life events
D) internal stressors

Question 24

What term is used to describe the physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral responses to events that are threatening or challenging?

A) stress
B) burnout
C) dysphoria
D) distress

Question 25

The term hassles refers to __________.

A) minor health problems that cause a person to miss at least 1 day of work
B) personal limitations that make it impossible for someone to pursue a desired goal
C) the necessity to interact with persons we dislike in order to obtain our goals
D) minor annoyances of everyday life

Question 26

An assessment developed by Holmes and Rahe in 1967 that measures the amount of stress in a person's life resulting from major life changes over 1 year is called the __________.

A) secondary appraisal
B) primary appraisal
C) Social Readjustment Rating Scale
D) College Undergraduate Stress Scale

Question 27

__________ is the optimal amount of stress that people need to promote health and well-being.

A) Acute stress
B) Eustress
C) Distress
D) Catastrophic stress

Question 28

When thinking about GREs, applying to graduate school, and studying for midterms, Marlo starts to have sweaty palms and a racing heart. It is MOST probable that Marlo is responding to __________ in her life.

A) T cells
B) the pressure
C) stressors
D) lymphocytes

Question 29

Professor Rhys assigns his class a term paper that is to make up 30 percent of their final grade. The students are given clear guidelines about what is expected in this assignment and are given 2 months to complete the assignment. Because students know that this paper is important, but not the only thing upon which their grades will be based, this assignment would be likely to cause __________.

A) frustration
B) distress
C) aggression
D) eustress

Question 30

Which of the following are considered emotional, as opposed to mental, symptoms of stress?

A) sleeping irregularity, frequent colds, nausea
B) depression, fear, anger
C) difficulty making decisions, loss of sense of humor, difficulty concentrating on tasks
D) eating too much, smoking or drinking more than usual, hitting people or throwing things

Question 31

Researchers have found an association between daily hassles and __________.

A) colds and headaches
B) cancer and heart disease
C) hypertension and obesity
D) heart disease and schizophrenia

Question 32

Which of the following terms is used to describe unpredictable, large-scale events that create a great deal of stress and feelings of threat?

A) major life changes
B) catastrophes
C) hassles
D) eustress

Question 33

Aliyah is working against a deadline. She must have a term paper written by 8a.m. tomorrow. The deadline is an example of a __________.

A) stress
B) stressor
C) stress response
D) stress reaction

Question 34

Burning your toast, having trouble opening an email attachment, breaking a glass, and running late for an appointment are all examples of __________.

A) uplifts
B) hassles
C) downturns
D) distress

Question 35

According to Holmes and Rahe, a person who scores over 300 on the Social Readjustment Rating Scale is more likely than people with lower scores to have what kind of experience in the near future?

A) more frequent changes of job
B) a divorce
C) commission of a crime
D) a higher chance of becoming ill or having an accident

Question 36

Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed the Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS) to measure stress due to __________.

A) natural disasters
B) major life changes
C) social difficulties
D) negative life events

Question 37

According to Lazarus, hassles __________.

A) have a long-term effect on a person's chronic physical and mental health
B) can arise from major life changes
C) nullify the stress that arises from major life changes
D) are unrelated to stress

Question 38

Which of the following are considered mental symptoms of stress?

A) sleeping irregularity, frequent colds, anger
B) depression, fear, irritability
C) difficulty making decisions, loss of sense of humor, difficulty concentrating
D) chest pains, nausea, memory loss

Question 39

__________ refers to the effect of unpleasant and undesirable stressors.

A) Acute stress
B) Eustress
C) Distress
D) Catastrophic stress

Question 40

The __________ measures the amount of stress in a college student's life resulting from major life changes.

A) University Students Stress Assessment (USSA)
B) College Students New Experiences Assessment Scale (CSNEAS)
C) Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)
D) College Undergraduate Stress Scale (CUSS)

Question 41

Clay's father has always wanted him to be a lawyer. He has encouraged Clay to get good grades, graduate college earlier than his peers, and work as hard as he can. Clay does not care about going to law school, but he does so to please his father. Clay is responding to __________.

A) anxiety
B) pressure
C) overload
D) cognitive dissonance

Question 42

Li Jing is currently very concerned about a recent increase in fighting among her family members. When talking with her therapist, she notes that this has been her biggest concern lately. According to the research into the severity of different hassles, which of the following statements is probably TRUE about Li Jing's age?

A) Li Jing is 4 years old.
B) Li Jing is an adult.
C) Li Jing is an adolescent.
D) Li Jing is elderly.

Question 43

Tamika is beginning to realize that so-called "surprise quizzes" in her psychology class really aren't too much of a surprise at all, since they tend to occur every week. Accordingly, she accepts that fact and regularly reviews the course material. This example BEST illustrates that __________.

A) there can be a mismatch between perceived control and the preferred level of control
B) coping is a whimsical process
C) perceiving a lack of control typically produces stress
D) events beyond our control can still be predictable

Question 44

Vivienne finds applying for graduate school to be frustrating. She believes that the entire process is random. As such, this example highlights the role of __________ in coping.

A) uncontrollability
B) self-monitoring
C) action
D) optimism

Question 45

Kennedy is a tax accountant who is very busy from January to April 15, which is the tax return filing deadline. She feels that she must work very long hours during this time to meet the April 15 deadline for all of her clients. Kennedy is experiencing __________.

A) anxiety
B) pressure
C) frustration
D) cognitive dissonance

Question 46

__________ occurs when a person is blocked or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need.

A) Uncontrollability
B) Conflict
C) Pressure
D) Frustration

Question 47

Frustration that occurs when a goal or need cannot be attained due to personal characteristics is called __________.

A) external frustration
B) internal conflict
C) a hassle
D) personal frustration

Question 48

Desiring to purchase a book and finding that it is out of stock is an example of an __________.

A) external frustration
B) internal conflict
C) external conflict
D) internal frustration

Question 49

Sawyer put a quarter in the gumball machine only to find that the machine was not working. He continued to turn the dial on the machine in the hope that he would retrieve a gumball. Sawyer's behavior is called __________.

A) persistence
B) increasing efforts
C) varying efforts
D) aggression

Question 50

Actions meant to harm or destroy are referred to as __________.

A) persistence
B) displacement
C) varying efforts
D) aggression

Question 51

Sawyer put a quarter in the gumball machine, only to find that the machine was not working. He continued to turn the dial on the machine in the hope that he would retrieve a gumball. Unfortunately, after several minutes of forcefully turning the dial, he still did not retrieve a gumball. As a result, Sawyer kicked the machine several times. Kicking the machine is an example of __________.

A) persistence
B) increasing efforts
C) varying efforts
D) aggression

Question 52

According to a recent study, what is the biggest hassle reported by children between the ages of 11 and 15?

A) feeling pressure to use drugs
B) not having the clothing styles they want
C) fear of new school situations
D) fear of getting into trouble at school or home

Question 53

Nori is 6 feet tall and desires to become a ballerina. Unfortunately, she is having difficulty being accepted into a ballet troupe because of her height. Nori is experiencing __________.

A) external frustration
B) internal conflict
C) external conflict
D) internal frustration

Question 54

An urgent demand or expectation for our behavior that comes from an outside source is called __________.

A) anxiety
B) pressure
C) overload
D) cognitive dissonance

Question 55

Adam is very frustrated because another customer at the bar is talking to the woman with whom Adam was just dancing. According to Berkowitz's reformulation of the frustration-aggression hypothesis, which of the following factors makes Adam unlikely to lash out in a physically aggressive manner?

A) Adam already has a criminal charge for assault.
B) The other man is much larger and clearly stronger than Adam.
C) The woman makes it clear that she is not interested in Adam.
D) Adam is alone and has no friends to back him up.

Question 56

__________ refers to frustration that occurs when a goal or need cannot be attained due to personal characteristics.

A) External frustration
B) A personal conflict
C) A hassle
D) Internal frustration

Question 57

People's first response to frustration typically is __________.

A) persistence
B) increasing efforts
C) varying efforts
D) aggression

Question 58

Research by Teresa Amabile shows that time pressure has __________ impact on one's ability to be creative.

A) no
B) a positive
C) a negative
D) little

Question 59

Researchers found that the __________ of daily hassles was a better predictor of headaches than were scores on a life-events scale.

A) duration
B) type
C) negative quality
D) perceived severity

Question 60

Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding control and stress?

A) The more control one has, the greater the degree of stress.
B) The less control one has, the greater the degree of stress.
C) The less control one has, the lower the degree of stress.
D) Control has nothing to do with stress.

Question 61

Which part of the nervous system reacts when the human body is subjected to stress?

A) parasympathetic
B) somatic
C) sympathetic
D) central

Question 62

Charlie is a freshman in college who needs to declare her major. She is interested in history, psychology, medicine, and law. As she thinks about each of these potential majors, she considers both the positive and negative aspects of each, which cause her to go back and forth in her decision. Charlie is experiencing a(n) __________ conflict.

A) double approach-avoidance
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-approach
D) multiple approach-avoidance

Question 63

Which of the following is the most stressful of all conflicts, causing many people to go back and forth between one decision and the other, or to be unable to decide for or against the event?

A) approach-avoidance conflict
B) avoidance-avoidance conflict
C) approach-approach conflict
D) incompatible demands conflict

Question 64

The most extreme, final form of escape or withdrawal from frustration is __________.

A) suicide
B) anhedonia
C) leaving the country
D) divorce

Question 65

The __________ nervous system returns the body to normal, day-to-day functioning after a stressful period.

A) parasympathetic
B) somatic
C) sympathetic
D) central

Question 66

Which of the following is an example of an avoidance-avoidance conflict?

A) A person who enjoys the ocean has to choose between retiring to the Bahamas or Tahiti.
B) A student has to decide whether to turn in an unfinished paper and receive a failing grade or hand it in late and lose many points.
C) A person has to choose between wanting to eat some cake but not wanting the calories.
D) A person who loves chocolate must choose between eating chocolate cake or chocolate ice cream.

Question 67

After weeks of being taunted by her so-called "friends" at school and asking them to stop taunting her, Shayla begins to actively avoid them whenever possible. Her reaction to this frustration is BEST described as __________.

A) confrontation
B) compromise
C) withdrawal
D) rationalization

Question 68

__________ are habitual targets of displaced aggression.

A) Scapegoats
B) Internal conflicts
C) Relationships
D) Bullies

Question 69

Tariq must decide between two equally good choices for his weekend activity. He can either go fishing with his dad or go to an amusement park with his friends. This is an example of a(n) __________ conflict.

A) positive-positive
B) approach-avoidance
C) avoidance-avoidance
D) approach-approach

Question 70

For someone who likes both movies and concerts, choosing between going to one or the other represents an __________ conflict.

A) approach-avoidance
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-approach
D) incompatible demands

Question 71

Which parts of the nervous system are associated with the general adaptation syndrome?

A) somatic and parasympathetic
B) autonomic and sympathetic
C) sympathetic and parasympathetic
D) central and somatic

Question 72

Which of the following is the type of conflict that occurs when a person must choose or not choose one goal or event that has both positive and negative aspects?

A) approach-avoidance conflict
B) avoidance-avoidance conflict
C) approach-approach conflict
D) multiple approach-avoidance conflict

Question 73

In a(n) __________ conflict, a person must choose between two desirable goals.

A) approach-avoidance
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-approach
D) double approach-avoidance

Question 74

When faced with an approach-avoidance conflict, some people tend to go back and forth with their choice because they cannot decide for or against the goal or event. The text refers to this mind-changing behavior as __________.

A) vacillating
B) alternating
C) dichotomizing
D) avoiding

Question 75

Tyrese wants to go to law school because he believes being a lawyer will bring him prestige and a good income. However, he is not sure he should attend because he is very concerned about the hard work law school will involve and the money it will cost. Tyrese is faced with a(n) __________ conflict.

A) approach-approach
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-avoidance
D) double approach-avoidance

Question 76

After Hunter has a terrible fight with his boyfriend, he returns home and yells at his dog for sleeping on the sofa-even though the dog is usually allowed to sleep on the furniture. Hunter's process of venting his anger on a safer target is an example of __________.

A) vicarious assertiveness
B) displaced aggression
C) sublimation
D) regressed frustration

Question 77

Since Chelsey is attempting to make a difficult decision regarding whether or not to file for divorce, she is probably experiencing __________.

A) learned helplessness
B) conflict
C) burnout
D) little perceived control

Question 78

Dakota hates making decisions, especially about things she does not like. Her mom wants her to either mow the lawn or clean her room this weekend. This is an example of __________ conflict.

A) avoidance-avoidance
B) good-evil
C) negative-negative
D) approach-approach

Question 79

Which type of conflict occurs when a person must choose between two goals that have both positive and negative aspects?

A) approach-avoidance conflict
B) avoidance-avoidance conflict
C) approach-approach conflict
D) double approach-avoidance conflict

Question 80

A conflict in which a person must choose between two undesirable routes to a goal or goals is called a(n) __________ conflict.

A) approach-avoidance
B) avoidance-avoidance
C) approach-approach
D) multiple approach-avoidance