Deck 14: The Influence of Culture and Values

Question 1

Advertising and other marketing activities help new and existing products take on cultural meaning.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Age, gender, and social class are examples of cultural principles.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

In Japan, it is rude to not open the gift immediately upon receipt in front of the gift-giver.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

In exchange rituals one person or group of people purchase products from another.

Question 5

Rituals are symbolic actions that occur in variable sequence one time.

Question 6

Gifts both received and not received can convey cultural meaning.

Question 7

The fashion system, which primarily entails clothing and accessories, is important for the transfer of cultural meaning in society.

Question 8

In Japan, gifts are rarely gift-wrapped, as they are in Western cultures.

Question 9

Possession rituals occur when consumers discuss and display their belongings.

Question 10

The culturally constituted world is where society's ever changing shared values are collected and stored.

Question 11

Culture usually changes so fast that marketing cannot usually reflect the most current cultural meanings.

Question 12

Subcultures provide opportunities for marketers to segment society into more manageable groups.

Question 13

Exchange is a ritual that helps affrrm or revise cultural meaning.

Question 14

Subcultures are larger groups of a smaller culture.

Question 15

The culturally constituted world is where all consumer experiences are shaped by the tangible beliefs and values of society.

Question 16

Cultural values are comprised of a collective set of beliefs about what is important, useful, and desirable.

Question 17

The culturally constituted world supplies meaning for consumers via two interrelated concepts: cultural categories and cultural principles.

Question 18

According to some theorists, Western society usually strongly discourages any type of radical reform.

Question 19

The fashion system can reflect current cultural meanings, but cannot bring about changes in cultural meanings.

Question 20

One person giving their textbook to another is an example of a possession ritual.

Question 21

The United States as a culture emphasizes group cohesion.

Question 22

Syntax, semantics, phonology and morphology are all categories of linguistics.

Question 23

Facial expressions, gestures, postural shifts, and touching are types of body language.

Question 24

Acculturation occurs when people in one culture adapt to meanings in another culture.

Question 25

Syntax, semantics, phonology and morphology are all categories of linguistics.

Question 26

Facial expressions of emotion do not vary from culture to culture.

Question 27

Enacted norms implicitly and informally prescribe acceptable behaviors.

Question 28

Uncertainty avoidance is when a culture is uncomfortable with definitive and structured situations.

Question 29

Non-verbal messages such as gestures and body language are more important in low context (vs.high-context)
cultures.

Question 30

Anyone can be a "cultural agent."

Question 31

Nonverbal gestures and body langnage rarely vary from culture to culture because they are innate (i.e., we are born with them).

Question 32

Return potential model describes norms on the behavioral and evaluation dimensions.

Question 33

Customs are passed down from generation to generation.

Question 34

Divestment rituals make it difficult for consumers to feel a sense of individual ownership over a used product.

Question 35

Morphology is an important form of non-verbal communication.

Question 36

Divestment rituals clearly show that consumers believe cultural meaning can be transferred from products to people.

Question 37

Brand jingles must contain words to be effective.

Question 38

Grooming rituals allow consumers to extract cultural meaning from perishable possessions through repeated use.

Question 39

Enculturation is the process oflearning about other cultures.

Question 40

Images such as brand logos are examples of marketing symbols.

Question 41

Power distance is a dimension of cultural core values that describes the extent to which less powerful members of a culture tolerate large gaps between powers.

Question 42

Pretend you recently purchased a horne built in 2001.You decide to personalize the curtains, change the design of the garden and extensively clean the floors and basement.This behavior is an example of:

A)an exchange ritual
B)an acculturated practice
C)a possession ritual
D)a divestment ritual
E)a grooming ritual

Question 43

Consumers extract meaning from products, such as deodorant, toothpaste, and shampoo through engagement of what rituals?

A)Divestment ritnals
B)Social ritnals
C)Exchange ritnals
D)Purchase rituals
E)Grooming ritnals

Question 44

provide a tangible explanation for the existence of intangible cultural categories.

A)Cultural values
B)Consumer products
C)Advertisements
D)Language
E)Cultural categories

Question 45

Evidence suggests that differences in values across cultures can translate into product and brand-specific consumer preferences.

Question 46

Ethnicity, religion, age, and social class represent , which are smaller subsets of a larger society.

A)subcultures
B)psychographies
C)cultures
D)acculturation
E)cultural principles

Question 47

Which of the following statements about culture is false?

A)Because culture is handed down from generation to generation, culture does not change.
B)Today, American culture is considered individualistic.
C)The act of learning a culture through growing up within it is called enculturation.
D)American culture includes unique language that describes and shapes the culture.
E)Consumer products are an important vehicle for conveying culture to society.

Question 48

Stylish design is an example of a tangible attribute.

Question 49

occur when consumers discuss, compare, reflect upon, and display their belongings.

A)Divestment rituals
B)Social rituals
C)Exchange rituals
D)Purchase rituals
E)None of the above is correct.

Question 50

Attributes, consequeuces and values are part of the three levels consumer product knowledge combined in the means-end chain.

Question 51

Larry owns a classic Corvette convertible that he likes to take car shows on weekends and display.When Larry does this, he is engaging in what type of ritnal?

A)Divestment ritnal
B)Social ritnal
C)Exchange ritnal
D)Possession ritnal
E)Grooming ritnal

Question 52

are the patterns of meaning acquired by members of society expressed in their knowledge, beliefs, art, laws, morals, customs, and habits.

A)Subculture
B)Cultural Value
C)Culture
D)Acculturation
E)Symbols

Question 53

Once a month, Charlie takes all of his weekly newspapers and magazines to the local paper recycling facility.It makes him feel good to recycle his papers because he feels he is helping the environment.This behavior is an example of:

A)an exchange ritual
B)an acculturated practice
C)a possession ritual
D)a divestment ritual
E)cause-related marketing practice

Question 54

Which of the following about exchange rituals is false?

A)In Japan, gifts are typically not wrapped because that culture does not appreciate surprises.
B)Gifts not given can be an important way to convey cultural meaning.
C)In Western cultures, people tend to give gifts on many formal occasions.
D)The wrapping of a gift can convey as much cultural meaning as the gift itself.
E)Exchange rituals allow the giver to transfer cultural meanings/properties to the receiver.

Question 55

is to a society, what is to an individual.

A)Culture, personality
B)Religion, subculture
C)Religion; personality
D)Buyer behavior, personality
E)Culture, subculture

Question 56

Which of the following would not be considered a cultural category within the culturally constituted world?

A)Male versus female
B)Young versus old
C)Rich versus poor
D)Cool versus nerdy
E)Blue collar versus white collar

Question 57

Persistence, social hierarchy, thrift and shame are associated with a long-term orientation of core values.

Question 58

Instrumeutal values provide no value on the consumer side.

Question 59

Consider the mobility of cultural meaning process discussed in your readings.What station is missing? Station 1: Culturally Constituted World
Station 2:?
Station 3: Individual Consumers

A)Exchange rituals
B)Fashion system
C)Language
D)Consumer products
E)Values

Question 60

Which of the following statements best matches the fashion system? The fashion system:

A)is limited to clothing and body adornment.
B)takes new styles of clothing, music, etc., and associates them with established cultural categories and principles.
C)passes on rules from the culturally constituted world to consumer products is via conservative tradition.
D)eliminates cultural meaning by disregarding opinion leaders who modestly shape and refme existing cultural principles and categories.
E)is the idea that helps guide the construction of cultural categories.

Question 61

All of the following are examples of communicating via body language, except:

A)giving someone a "thumbs up" after receiving the right answer to a question
B)shifting your position in your seat during class to be more comfortable
C)smiling at someone you recoguize
D)folding your arms when you are no longer interested in listening to someone talk
E)All of the above are examples of communicating via body language.

Question 62

Processing speed and the memory of a computer is an example of a:

A)intangible attributes
B)tangible attributes
C)commodities
D)semantic attributes
E)All of the above are correct.

Question 63

Which of the following is not considered a marketing symbol?

A)The brand name: Coca-Cola
B)The McDonald's golden arches
C)The Geico Insurance Company "gecko" character
D)The mm-mm-good jingle for Campbell's soup
E)All of the above would be considered marketing symbols.

Question 64

All of the following countries are considered low-context countries, where societal communication typically gives explicit direction and leave little room for ambiguity, with the exception of:

A)Switzerland
B)Germany
C)Scandinavian countries
D)United States
E)All of the above are examples of countries that tend to be low-context.

Question 65

In the retnrn potential model the "evaluation dimension":

A)specifies the amount of behavior regulated by the norm
B)shows the cultnral response to some behavior
C)gives only the opinion leader's perspective
D)gives a defmitive yes/no answer as to whether or not the behavior is desired
E)gives positive or negative feedback from a culture outside of the target market

Question 66

In Japan it is considered respectful and appropriate to stay at work until the person you report to leaves.An employee at Toyota in Japan named Jennifer regularly leaves before the person she reports to.As a result the working relationship has turned sour.On top of that all the other employees at Toyota refuse to associate with her because of her lack of regard for tradition.Japan's norm of staying at work until the person you report to leaves is best described as a(n):

A)custom
B)crescive norm
C)enacted norm
D)convention
E)more'

Question 67

What are the five dimensions that cultnral anthropologists have determined account for cultural values?

A)Language, ethnic groups, sex roles, religious subcultures, norms
B)Power distances, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation
C)Ethnic subcultures, sex roles, religious subcultures, age-based subcultures, individualism
D)Language, customs, rituals, norms, conventions
E)Language, individualism, masculinity, norms, symbols

Question 68

Which of the following is most clearly an example of a More" ("mor-ay") in American culture?

A)Offering guests something to drink and eat when they visit your horne
B)Buying Christmas gifts for family and friends
C)Using the "sex-correct" bathroom facilities in a public building
D)Having dessert after dinner
E)All of the above would be considered correct.

Question 69

In Japan it is considered respectful and appropriate to stay at work until the person you report to leaves.An employee at Toyota in Japan named Jennifer regularly leaves before the person she reports to.As a result the working relationship has turned sour.On top of that all the other employees at Toyota refuse to associate with her because of her lack of regard for tradition.The negative treatment Jennifer is receiving by her co-workers is an example of a(n):

A)sanction
B)crescive norm
C)enacted norm
D)low-context behavior
E)groupthink

Question 70

Problems related to the "spirit" of a language would be attributed to what?

A)Morphology
B)Inflection
C)Cultural translation
D)Rituals
E)Phonology

Question 71

A means-end chain combines three levels of a consumer's product knowledge to form a sequential network of meaning.The three levels of a consumer's product knowledge include all of the following except:

A)Results
B)Values
C)Consequences
D)Attributes
E)All of the above are included.

Question 72

Linguists divide the study of verbal language into four categories including all of the following areas with which exception?

A)Phonology
B)Semantics
C)Morphology
D)Syntax
E)Inflection

Question 73

are behaviors, both formal or informal, handed down from generation to generation.An example would include throwing a party on sorneone's birthday.

A)Crescive norms
B)Customs
C)Rituals
D)Mores'
E)Sanctions

Question 74

The McDonald's brand includes a word mark consisting of the words "McDonald's" written in white lettering written across the "golden arches," and superimposed against a red background.Specifically, this is an example of a(n):

A)brand jingle
B)trademark
C)brand logo
D)brand mark
E)None of the above is correct.

Question 75

Which of the following is most clearly an example of a More" ("mor-ay") in American culture?

A)Holding the door for someone entering a building
B)Interrupting someone when they are speaking
C)Eating dog or cat meat in United States
D)In a traditional household, "dad" doing the cooking
E)All of the above would be considered correct.

Question 76

capture(s) the extent to which a culture is uncomfortable with ambiguous and unstructured situations.

A)Long-term orientation
B)Evaluation dimensions
C)Uncertainty avoidance
D)Risk aversion
E)Power distance

Question 77

Learning one's culture by growing up in that culture is known as:

A)enculturation
B)cultural ethnocentrism
C)cultural stereotyping
D)creolization
E)acculturation

Question 78

claims that certain properties of music may be analogous to biochemical agents.

A)Theory of brand jingles
B)Theory of effective marketing
C)Theory of songitis
D)Theory of guerilla marketing
E)Theory of coguitive itch

Question 79

A sign at the park reads, "Help keep this park clean- Please do not allow your dog in the playground area." This is an example of a(n):

A)custom
B)crescive norm
C)enacted norm
D)convention
E)ritual

Question 80

Torn's great-grandfather, Charlie, carne from Germany last year, but quickly learned about his new culture from his family and friends.Charlie was experiencing:

A)enculturation
B)cultural ethnocentrism
C)cultural stereotyping
D)creolization
E)acculturation