Deck 23: War and Society, 1914-1920

Question 1

The initial U.S. policy regarding the European war was to

A) offer immediate support to the Allied Powers.
B) offer immediate support to the Central Powers.
C) offer to mediate between the two camps.
D) declare war on both sides.
E) pursue a policy of neutrality.

Answer 1

pursue a policy of neutrality.

Question 2

The bulk of U.S. war financing came from

A) the sale of bonds.
B) new taxes.
C) deficit spending.
D) tariffs.
E) borrowing from abroad.

Answer 2

the sale of bonds.

Question 3

Woodrow Wilson's and Colonel House's initial attempts to negotiate peace between the Allied Forces and the Central Powers resulted in the House-Grey memorandum that

A) showed the U.S. bias toward the British.
B) was geared toward finding a fair and impartial settlement.
C) was supported by the British.
D) reflected U.S. support of imperialism.
E) showed U.S. bias toward Germany.

Answer 3

was geared toward finding a fair and impartial settlement.

Question 4

All of the following supported Woodrow Wilson's efforts to stay out of the war except

A) German Americans.
B) prominent U.S. socialists.
C) Theodore Roosevelt.
D) Irish ethnics.
E) Jane Addams.

Question 5

The purpose of the War Labor Board was to

A) continue efforts to send supplies abroad.
B) resolve labor disputes.
C) set wage and price levels.
D) limit competition among various industries.
E) ensure high profits for industry.

Question 6

The Committee on Public Information's main function was to

A) encourage young men to register.
B) raise money for the war.
C) ensure support for the peace treaty.
D) deliver regular updates on the war's progress.
E) raise the level of patriotism and support for the war

Question 7

All of the following factors contributed to the outbreak of war in Europe in 1914 except

A) the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand.
B) the sinking of the Lusitania.
C) the complicated defense alliances.
D) European imperial ambitions.
E) Balkan desire for independence.

Question 8

All of the following statements regarding the German attack on the Lusitania are true except it

A) was an unwarranted attack against a purely passenger vessel.
B) resulted in the loss of more than 100 American lives.
C) was denounced strongly by Wilson.
D) increased American hostility toward Germany.
E) led to the resignation of Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan.

Question 9

For the American worker, World War I meant

A) increased unemployment.
B) more leverage with employers.
C) fewer job opportunities.
D) lower wages.
E) more competition with immigrant workers.

Question 10

All of the following groups contributed to repression in the name of democracy on the home front except the

A) American Protective League.
B) National Americanization Committee.
C) Committee on Public Information.
D) American Red Cross.
E) Office of the Attorney General.

Question 11

Which of the following groups entered the labor force in large numbers during the war?

A) Mexicans, white southerners, and European immigrants
B) African Americans, Mexicans, and children
C) African Americans, white southerners, Mexicans, and women
D) European immigrants, African Americans, and women
E) Irish, German and Italian immigrants

Question 12

The Committee on Public Information did all of the following except

A) send men out to give four minute long speeches.
B) sell war bonds.
C) covered the nation with propaganda posters.
D) placed advertisements in magazines.
E) sponsored exhibitions.

Question 13

All of the following statements describe Bernard Baruch's leadership of the War Industries Board except

A) war production increased substantially.
B) his methods favored large corporations over small enterprises.
C) his methods favored small corporations over large enterprises.
D) the agency functioned better after he assumed leadership.
E) industries were permitted to charge high prices.

Question 14

The International Workers of the World and the Socialist Party

A) always opposed the war.
B) supported the war after U.S. entry.
C) helped to staff the Committee on Public Information.
D) recruited for the military.
E) supported Germany in the war.

Question 15

The War Industries Board

A) represented Woodrow Wilson's attempt to have a decentralized approach toward war mobilization.
B) possessed complete authority over military and civilian wartime production.
C) was criticized by Progressives as inefficient.
D) nationalized all industries in the U.S.
E) was not authorized to fix prices or wages.

Question 16

Which of the following was not included in Woodrow Wilson's vision of a settlement that would achieve peace without victory?

A) disarmament
B) reaffirmation of the Monroe Doctrine
C) freedom of the seas
D) security against aggression
E) right of self-determination

Question 17

Before entry into the war, the United States

A) traded with both Great Britain and Germany.
B) traded only with Great Britain.
C) refused to loan money to combatants.
D) suspended exports to Great Britain in protest of the British blockade.
E) ceased trade with both sides.

Question 18

Most African-American soldiers were

A) not permitted to register for the draft.
B) considered by white soldiers to be superior fighters.
C) assigned to all-black units and were sent to the front.
D) assigned to integrated units.
E) not allowed to fight.

Question 19

During World War I, the complicated alliances of the Triple Entente and the Triple Alliance were

A) entente: Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy; alliance: Great Britain, France, Russia.
B) entente: Austria-Hungary, Germany, Russia; alliance: Great Britain, France, Italy.
C) entente: Great Britain, France, Russia; alliance: Austria-Hungary, Germany, Italy.
D) entente: Great Britain, France, Italy; alliance: Austria-Hungary, Germany, Russia.
E) none of these choices

Question 20

Which of the following was not a factor in the growing U.S. movement toward war?

A) German submarine warfare
B) two revolutions in Russia
C) German overtures toward Mexico
D) German-American support of the war
E) the desire to fight for freedom and democracy

Question 21

In the Fourteen Points, Woodrow Wilson proposed that territorial settlements be

A) based on the principle of self-determination.
B) designed to restore the 1914 international boundaries.
C) resolved in favor of the victors.
D) negotiated at separate special conferences between the concerned ethnic groups.
E) made by the League of Nations.

Question 22

Americans were outraged by the "Zimmermann telegram" because it

A) revealed Woodrow Wilson's secret negotiations with both sides.
B) caused the overthrow of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia.
C) insulted President Wilson.
D) was clearly a hoax created by the British to sour U.S.-German relations.
E) encouraged Mexico to side with Germany in case the United States entered the war

Question 23

The largest number of battle-related deaths during the First World War occurred among

A) Americans.
B) French.
C) Germans.
D) Russians.
E) Italians.

Question 24

The Red Scare

A) exemplified postwar American fear of foreign ideas and influences.
B) ended when Woodrow Wilson voiced his opposition to repression.
C) was led by labor unions and social reformers.
D) completely destroyed the Socialist party of America.
E) resulted from dozens of attacks by radicals in the United States.

Question 25

Before the U.S. entrance into World War I, when the British blockaded German ports, President Wilson

A) raised no objection.
B) suspended loans and exports to Britain.
C) threatened to declare war against the British.
D) protested but took no action against the British.
E) cut off trade with the British.

Question 26

The Eighteenth Amendment

A) gave women the right to vote.
B) was the most important reform of Woodrow Wilson's administration.
C) was partially an expression of anti-immigrant feelings stimulated by the war.
D) was the only amendment passed by the Progressives.
E) was not ratified for more than decade after it was passed by Congress.

Question 27

In the election of 1916,

A) Woodrow Wilson's campaign slogan was "He kept us out of war."
B) the Republican presidential candidate was Theodore Roosevelt.
C) Irish and German Americans supported the Socialist candidate Eugene V Debs.
D) Woodrow Wilson won by the largest electoral margin in U.S. history.
E) Woodrow Wilson ran on a war platform.

Question 28

Which of the following did not join the League of Nations?

A) Germany
B) England
C) United States
D) France
E) Belgium

Question 29

Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne was assassinated in 1914 by a

A) British naval officer.
B) rival for the Austrian throne.
C) Bosnian nationalist.
D) Socialist labor organizer.
E) German radical.

Question 30

Marcus Garvey was

A) Woodrow Wilson's secretary of state.
B) a strong supporter of integration.
C) the founder of a black separatist organization.
D) the first Jewish Supreme Court Justice.
E) a Republican opponent of the League of Nations.

Question 31

The nation that took responsibility for the war was

A) Italy.
B) France.
C) Germany.
D) United States.
E) Austria Hungary.

Question 32

The Palmer Raids can best be described as

A) a diligent and concerted effort to expose radicals and protect the Bill of Rights.
B) a cautious move by the government to protect its citizens.
C) a clear demonstration of our commitment to uphold the Bill of Rights.
D) a underwhelming response to suspected threats to the United States.
E) a massive violation of civil rights.

Question 33

Woodrow Wilson envisioned an international parliament that would

A) act as a world court to try war criminals.
B) control trade during wartime.
C) unite the world in the organized pursuit of peace, security, and justice.
D) eliminate all independent national armies and navies.
E) eliminate all trade barriers.

Question 34

At the beginning of World War I, the U.S. identified most strongly with

A) Great Britain.
B) France.
C) Austria-Hungary.
D) Germany.
E) Japan.

Question 35

In response to President Wilson's strong stand against submarine warfare, Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan

A) resigned from office.
B) publicly supported the President although he privately disagreed with him.
C) accused Wilson of treason and called for impeachment proceedings against him.
D) sided with the British.
E) joined the Republican Party.

Question 36

World War I is called the first "total war" because

A) the public totally supported U.S. involvement.
B) every nation participated in the fighting.
C) combatants devoted virtually all of their military, social, and industrial resources to the war.
D) the victors achieved all of their war aims.
E) total surrender was demanded.

Question 37

After World War I,

A) the United States entered a period of internal peace and harmony.
B) violent labor disputes aroused public distrust of unions.
C) thousands of black workers and war veterans enjoyed economic independence and equality in northern cities.
D) the federal government aggressively protected the First Amendment rights of U.S. citizens.
E) the right of workers to join unions was protected.

Question 38

The peace treaty negotiated by the Allies

A) forced Germany to accept total responsibility for the war.
B) left Germany with a large army.
C) did not significantly alter European borders.
D) did not include the League of Nations.
E) ensure Germany's rapid economic recovery.

Question 39

Former President Theodore Roosevelt

A) strongly opposed U.S. entrance into World War I.
B) insisted that war with Germany was inevitable for the United States.
C) supported Germany in World War I.
D) ran against Woodrow Wilson in 1916 on a pro-war platform.
E) organized a military unit to fight in World War I.

Question 40

Woodrow Wilson's hopes for a negotiated settlement with Germany were dashed by

A) the sinking of the Lusitania.
B) revelation of the Zimmermann telegram.
C) German violations of the Sussex pledge.
D) the failure of the House-Grey memorandum.
E) the Republican victories in the congressional elections.

Question 41

When President Wilson arrived in Europe to attend the peace conference

A) the European public was indifferent to him.
B) he was met by massive protest movements led by those who feared U.S. power.
C) he traveled secretly so that the European public was unaware of his arrival.
D) the European public seemed to blame the U.S. for the carnage of the war.
E) he was met by huge crowds who hailed him as a savior.

Question 42

The main reason for Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points address was to

A) gain support for the Treaty of Versailles.
B) convince Americans to buy Liberty Bonds.
C) spur enlistment in the armed forces.
D) convince the Central Powers to surrender.
E) restore the Allies' credibility after publication of their secret wartime treaties.

Question 43

During World War I the U.S. Railroad Administration

A) performed poorly in coordinating rail shipments.
B) shifted the rail system from private to public control.
C) concentrated primarily on ensuring profits for the railroad companies.
D) was disbanded by Congress.
E) ensured equal opportunity for all races in railroad employment.

Question 44

Progressive reformer Jane Addams

A) founded the Women's Peace Party and strongly opposed war.
B) encouraged President Wilson to ask for a declaration of war.
C) remained neutral on the war issue.
D) favored Germany in World War I.
E) favored the British in World War I.

Question 45

Woodrow Wilson's unwillingness to compromise on the peace treaty is the chief reason it failed to pass in the Senate.

Question 46

The Russian Revolution united leftists in the United States behind the American Socialist Party.

Question 47

The Palmer raids confirmed the depth of the radical threat to American society.

Question 48

Although primarily a passenger liner, the British ship Lusitania was transporting munitions from New York to Great Britain when the Germans sank it.

Question 49

Taxes during World War I

A) were increased dramatically, primarily on the middle class.
B) did not go up significantly.
C) were increased primarily on the wealthy.
D) actually went down.
E) paid all of the cost of the war.

Question 50

During World War I, "IQ" (intelligence quotient) tests

A) proved to be a valuable tool in determining appropriate assignments for recruits.
B) conclusively disproved traditional racial stereotypes.
C) concluded (inaccurately) that most American soldiers were feeble-minded.
D) were used to prove the inferiority of enemy soldiers.
E) were administered only to officers.

Question 51

The U.S. position of neutrality resulted in increased trade with the Central Powers.

Question 52

The United States joined the war effort in Europe

A) as a formal ally of the British and French.
B) as an ally of Russia.
C) as an associated power to keep its war aims separate from the Allies.
D) as an ally of the British but not the French.
E) as an ally of Austria.

Question 53

The U.S. government effectively destroyed the International Workers of the World by raiding their offices and arresting their executive board because the group opposed the war.

Question 54

When the war broke out in Europe, the European powers were prepared for a lengthy battle.

Question 55

The peace treaty negotiated by the "Big Three" incorporated most of Woodrow Wilson's Fourteen Points.

Question 56

When the United States entered World War I

A) the British and French were on the verge of victory.
B) Russia had defeated Germany in the East.
C) the British were on the verge of defeat.
D) it made little difference in the outcome of the war.
E) Germany had already sued for peace.

Question 57

Because of the military exercises practiced in the early part of the century, the U.S. military was well prepared to engage in the European conflict.

Question 58

Democratic enthusiasm unleashed by the Committee on Public Information triggered unrest among the home population.

Question 59

World War I is known for

A) being short.
B) having few casualties.
C) trench warfare.
D) taking place in Germany for the most part.
E) the respect given to neutral nations.

Question 60

The fall of the tsar in Russia in 1917

A) gave President Wilson grounds to claim that the U.S. was fighting for democracy.
B) proved that the Allies were too weak to win the war without U.S. help.
C) convinced ethnic Americans and Socialists to support U.S. entrance into the war.
D) brought the U.S. into the war to fight communism.
E) marked the fall of another democratic government.

Question 61

The "war guilt clause" of the Treaty of Versailles blamed Russia for starting World War I.

Question 62

The United States was completely neutral in word and deed.

Question 63

"Doughboys" was a nickname for U.S. Army cooks during World War I.

Question 64

The Wilson administration had difficulty selling war bonds.

Question 65

Trench warfare was employed along both the western and eastern fronts during World War I.

Question 66

Only France shared Woodrow Wilson's goal of a "peace without victory."

Question 67

The United States fought as an "Associated Power" in World War I.

Question 68

Few Americans were drafted.

Question 69

Both the English and the Germans violated American neutral rights during World War I.

Question 70

Italy was the nation most pleased with the peace negotiations.

Question 71

One could say the struggle to have the Treaty of Versailles ratified killed Wilson.

Question 72

Marcus Garvey called on blacks to forge a separate black nation for themselves.

Question 73

Union membership almost doubled between 1915 and 1920.

Question 74

Theodore Roosevelt hoped to achieve peace without victory.

Question 75

The U.S. economy failed badly in producing sophisticated weapons and machines such as artillery, aircraft, and ships during the First World War.

Question 76

Marcus Garvey expressed support for the Ku Klux Klan.

Question 77

Woodrow Wilson vetoed the 1917 Immigration Restriction Act.

Question 78

At the beginning of World War I, many Americans identified more closely with the Germans than with the English.

Question 79

Senator Henry Cabot Lodge headed the "irreconcilables."

Question 80

The worst antiblack violence after World War I occurred in Mississippi.