Deck 21: Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System

Question 1

Cardiac, vasomotor, and respiratory centers are among the vital centers located in the _______.

A) medulla
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) pons

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The _______ is a network of neurons that extends from the spinal cord through the medulla and upward through the brain stem and thalamus.

A) reticular formation
B) ventricle
C) pons
D) diencephalon

Answer 2

A

Question 3

_______ nerves transmit information to the brain from sensory receptors; then they transmit orders from the CNS to muscles and glands.

A) Sensory
B) Cranial
C) Cerebral
D) Peripheral

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The _______ controls the muscles that move the eyeball.

A) facial nerve
B) vagus nerve
C) trigeminal nerve
D) trochlear nerve

Question 5

The three tissue layers covering the brain and spinal cord are the _______.

A) meninges
B) arachnoid layers
C) ventricles
D) choroid plexuses

Question 6

The brain stem includes the _______.

A) cerebrum, midbrain, and pons
B) medulla, midbrain, and pons
C) medulla, cerebrum, and pons
D) cerebrum, midbrain, and medulla

Question 7

The membrane potential in a resting neuron is called its _______.

A) polarization
B) passive ion channel
C) active potential
D) resting potential

Question 8

_______ transmit neural messages from the cell body toward another neuron.

A) Axons
B) Ganglions
C) Myelin sheaths
D) Dendrites

Question 9

A _______ is a large bundle of axons wrapped in connective tissue.

A) ganglion
B) myelin sheath
C) nerve
D) dendrite

Question 10

Each spinal nerve is attached by the _______.

A) dorsal root
B) spinal ganglion
C) ventral root
D) both A and C

Question 11

The two principal divisions of the nervous system are the _______.

A) central and autonomic nervous systems
B) central and peripheral nervous systems
C) autonomic and peripheral nervous systems
D) central and accessory nervous systems

Question 12

A _______ is a junction between two neurons, or between a neuron and a muscle (or gland).

A) neurilemma
B) synapse
C) passive ion channel
D) synaptic terminal

Question 13

The _______ consists mainly of nerve tracts passing between the medulla and other parts of the brain. It helps to regulate respiration and sleep.

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) pons

Question 14

_______ receive neural impulses and transmit them to the cell body.

A) Axons
B) Ganglions
C) Myelin sheaths
D) Dendrites

Question 15

The _______ is made up of the sense organs such as the eyes, ears, taste buds, olfactory receptors, touch receptors, and the nerves.

A) central nervous system
B) peripheral nervous system
C) autonomic nervous system
D) sensory nervous system

Question 16

_______ are chemical messengers that transmit the neural signal across synapses to other neurons.

A) Ion channels
B) Action potentials
C) Hormones
D) Neurotransmitters

Question 17

The _______ is the second largest part of the brain and is responsible for coordination of movement.

A) medulla
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) pons

Question 18

The central nervous system consists of the _______ and _______.

A) brain; spinal cord
B) sense organs; spinal cord
C) brain; peripheral nerves
D) brain; sense organs

Question 19

The _______ contains the phrenic nerve, sends impulses to the neck and the shoulders, and receives information from the back of the head, neck, shoulders, and upper chest.

A) lumbar plexus
B) sacral plexus
C) cervical plexus
D) brachial plexus

Question 20

The _______ is the largest, most prominent part of the brain. It is the center of intellect, memory, language, and consciousness.

A) medulla
B) cerebrum
C) cerebellum
D) pons

Question 21

The inner ear contains _______ that convert sound waves to nerve impulses.

A) proprioceptors
B) thermoreceptors
C) mechanoreceptors
D) photoreceptors

Question 22

The _______ system helps return the body to resting conditions. This system is most active during periods of calm and physical rest.

A) parasympathetic
B) peripheral
C) sympathetic
D) somatic

Question 23

The _______ is the colored part of the eye which regulates the amount of light entering the eye.

A) iris
B) cornea
C) lens
D) pupil

Question 24

Certain neurons, known as _______, are an important link between the nervous and endocrine systems.

A) neurohormones
B) prostaglandins
C) neuroendocrine cells
D) target cells

Question 25

The _______ system helps regulate growth, reproduction, use of nutrients by cells, and metabolic rate. It also helps us respond to stress.

A) nervous
B) endocrine
C) reproductive
D) circulatory

Question 26

_______ are sensory receptors that transduce light energy.

A) Chemoreceptors
B) Photoreceptors
C) Mechanoreceptors
D) Thermoreceptors

Question 27

_______ transduce mechanical energy such as touch, pressure, gravity, and movement.

A) Chemoreceptors
B) Photoreceptors
C) Mechanoreceptors
D) Thermoreceptors

Question 28

The _______ links the nervous and endocrine systems.

A) hypothalamus
B) thalamus
C) pituitary
D) thyroid

Question 29

The _______ system prepares the body for action. It is most active during stressful situations.

A) parasympathetic
B) peripheral
C) sympathetic
D) somatic

Question 30

The _______ is the part of the outer ear that projects from the side of the head and surrounds the ear canal.

A) pinna
B) ceruminous gland
C) external auditory meatus
D) tympanic membrane

Question 31

The _______, or eardrum, separates the middle and external ear.

A) pinna
B) ceruminous glands
C) external auditory meatus
D) tympanic membrane

Question 32

Even though we are not usually aware of the process, tears flow at all times from the _______.

A) sclera
B) cornea
C) conjunctiva
D) lacrimal duct

Question 33

About 75% of all parasympathetic fibers are in the _______ nerves.

A) trigeminal
B) vagus
C) optic
D) trochlear

Question 34

_______ are proprioceptors that detect muscle movement.

A) Muscle spindles
B) Neurohormones
C) Joint receptors
D) Tactile receptors

Question 35

The _______ gland, sometimes called the master gland of the body, secretes at least seven distinct hormones.

A) adrenal
B) thyroid
C) pineal
D) pituitary

Question 36

_______ are free nerve endings that allow us to recognize cold, cool, warm, and hot.

A) Photoreceptors
B) Mechanoreceptors
C) Nociceptors
D) Thermoreceptors

Question 37

Taste buds are found mainly in tiny elevations, or _______, on the tongue.

A) conchae
B) papillae
C) alveoli
D) villi

Question 38

Pain receptors, called _______, are free nerve endings of certain sensory neurons found in almost every tissue.

A) photoreceptors
B) mechanoreceptors
C) nociceptors
D) thermoreceptors

Question 39

The odors detected by the olfactory epithelium are transmitted by the _______ nerve.

A) optic
B) trigeminal
C) vagus
D) olfactory

Question 40

Any detectable change in the environment-internal or external-is called a _______.

A) sense
B) receptor
C) stimulus
D) stimulant

Question 41

The _______ is called the emergency gland of the body because it prepares us to cope with threatening situations.

A) adrenal medulla
B) adrenal cortex
C) thyroid
D) pineal

Question 42

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Cerebellum
b.Cerebrum
c.Hypothalamus
d.Medulla
e.Pons
B _________

Question 43

The hormone _______ stimulates contraction of smooth muscle in the wall of the uterus and stimulates release of milk from the breast.

A) ADH
B) prolactin
C) oxytocin
D) growth hormone

Question 44

Adrenal glands are small, yellow, paired masses of tissue that are located above the kidneys; the central portion and the outer portion are called _______, respectively.

A) posterior lobe and parathyroid gland
B) adrenal cortex and posterior lobe
C) adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla
D) adrenal medulla and adrenal cortex

Question 45

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Cochlea
b.Cochlear nerve
c.Eustachian tube
d.Semicircular canals
e.Tympanic membrane
A _________

Question 46

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Cochlea
b.Cochlear nerve
c.Eustachian tube
d.Semicircular canals
e.Tympanic membrane
B _________

Question 47

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Cochlea
b.Cochlear nerve
c.Eustachian tube
d.Semicircular canals
e.Tympanic membrane
C _________

Question 48

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Cochlea
b.Cochlear nerve
c.Eustachian tube
d.Semicircular canals
e.Tympanic membrane
D _________

Question 49

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Axon
b.Dendrite
c.Nodes of Ranvier
d.Synaptic terminals
A _________

Question 50

A deficiency in the hormone _______ can lead to the condition called diabetes insipidus, in which enormous quantities of dilute urine may be excreted.

A) ADH
B) prolactin
C) oxytocin
D) growth hormone

Question 51

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Cerebellum
b.Cerebrum
c.Hypothalamus
d.Medulla
e.Pons
C _________

Question 52

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Cochlea
b.Cochlear nerve
c.Eustachian tube
d.Semicircular canals
e.Tympanic membrane
E _________

Question 53

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Cerebellum
b.Cerebrum
c.Hypothalamus
d.Medulla
e.Pons
D _________

Question 54

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Cerebellum
b.Cerebrum
c.Hypothalamus
d.Medulla
e.Pons
A _________

Question 55

Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Cerebellum
b.Cerebrum
c.Hypothalamus
d.Medulla
e.Pons
E _________

Question 56

The main disorder associated with pancreatic hormones is _______.

A) diabetes insipidus
B) diabetes mellitus
C) hypothyroidism
D) pancreatitis

Question 57

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Axon
b.Dendrite
c.Nodes of Ranvier
d.Synaptic terminals
B _________

Question 58

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Axon
b.Dendrite
c.Nodes of Ranvier
d.Synaptic terminals
C _________

Question 59

MATCHING
Fill in the correct labels for the following figure using the word bank below.

a.Axon
b.Dendrite
c.Nodes of Ranvier
d.Synaptic terminals
D _________

Question 60

The main thyroid hormone is _______.

A) ADH
B) oxytocin
C) thyroxine
D) ACTH