Question 1

According to the latest NHANES study, the largest increase in the prevalence of overweight persons is from which of the following age and/or gender groups?&#10;A)adult males&#10;B)adult females&#10;C)teenage females&#10;D)children and adolescents

Accepted Answer

The NHANES study found that the largest increase in the prevalence of overweight persons was among children and adolescents, with rates rising from 15.6% in the early 1970s to 35.1% in 2016. While rates did increase in other age and gender groups as well, the increase among children and adolescents was the most significant. The NHANES study found that the largest increase in the prevalence of overweight persons was among children and adolescents. From 1999-2000 to 2015-2016, the percentage of overweight children and adolescents increased from 14.0% to 18.5%.

Question 2

If you are conducting research on energy expenditure and are not limited by money or size, and your subjects can remain inside the measuring device for 24 hours, which type of method are your using?&#10;A)TEE&#10;B)DLW&#10;C)indirect calorimetry&#10;D)direct calorimetry

Accepted Answer

Direct calorimetry is the most accurate method of measuring energy expenditure as it directly measures the heat produced by an individual within a closed system. This method is not limited by money or size and subjects can remain inside the device for extended periods of time. However, it is not practical for routine use due to the complexity and expense of the equipment. Direct calorimetry involves measuring the heat produced by an organism, which is the most accurate method for determining energy expenditure. With unlimited funding and space, and the ability for subjects to remain inside the device for 24 hours, direct calorimetry would be the best choice as it provides the most accurate measurement of energy expenditure.

Question 3

According to the latest NHANES study, the proportion of US adults that is obese is:&#10;A)34%.&#10;B)62%.&#10;C)15%.&#10;D)40%.

Accepted Answer

According to the latest NHANES study, the proportion of US adults that is obese is 34%.

Question 4

The &#34;two-compartment model&#34; takes into consideration which types of tissue?&#10;A)fat and viscera&#10;B)bone and blood&#10;C)fat-free mass and bone&#10;D)fat and fat-free mass

Accepted Answer

The two-compartment model divides the body into two components: fat and fat-free mass. Fat-free mass includes organ tissue, skeletal muscle, bone, and fluid. The two-compartment model divides the body into fat and fat-free mass compartments, with fat-free mass including all tissues that are not fat, such as muscle, bone, and organs.

Question 5

The adipocyte is the site for _____ storage and mobilization&#10;A)triglyceride&#10;B)glucose&#10;C)fluid&#10;D)cellulite

Accepted Answer

Adipocytes, or fat cells, specialize in triglyceride storage and mobilization. When excess energy is consumed, adipocytes store triglycerides as a way of storing energy. When energy is needed, triglycerides are broken down into glycerol and fatty acids and released from the adipocytes to be used by the body as fuel. Adipocyte (fat cell) is the site for triglyceride storage and mobilization, which serves as the main source of energy for the body. Glucose is stored in the liver and muscles as glycogen, not in adipocyte. Fluid is stored in various organs and tissues, not specifically in adipocyte. Cellulite is a cosmetic term used to describe a lumpy or dimpled appearance of the skin, and is not related to actual fat storage or mobilization.

Question 6

If your patient is morbidly obese, she or he is likely experiencing _____ with regards to her/his adipocytes, which can make sustained weight loss more difficult&#10;A)hypoplasia&#10;B)hypotrophy&#10;C)hyperplasia&#10;D)hypertrophy

Accepted Answer

Hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of cells. In the case of obesity, adipocytes (fat cells) increase in number, making sustained weight loss more difficult. Hypoplasia and hypotrophy both refer to a decrease in cell size, while hypertrophy refers to an increase in cell size, none of which accurately describes the changes that occur in adipocytes with obesity. Morbid obesity is typically characterized by an increase in the number of adipocytes, or fat cells, rather than an increase in the size of the existing cells. This is known as hyperplasia. This can make sustained weight loss more difficult as the number of cells remains relatively constant, making it easier for the body to regain the lost weight.

Question 7

The measurable increase in energy expenditure over and above resting energy expenditure that can be measured for several hours following a meal is termed:&#10;A)resting energy expenditure.&#10;B)basal energy expenditure.&#10;C)thermic effect of food.&#10;D)physical activity-related energy expenditure.

Accepted Answer

The thermic effect of food refers to the increase in energy expenditure (usually measured as an increase in metabolic rate) that occurs after consuming a meal. This increase in energy expenditure is not due to physical activity or exercise, but rather to the body's process of digesting, absorbing, and metabolizing the nutrients in food. The term "resting energy expenditure" (choice A) refers to the amount of energy expended by the body while at rest, and does not take into account the additional energy expenditure that occurs after eating. "Basal energy expenditure" (choice B) is similar to resting energy expenditure, but includes energy expended in processes such as breathing and circulation. "Physical activity-related energy expenditure" (choice D) refers specifically to the energy expended during physical activity, and does not account for the increase in energy expenditure that occurs after a meal. The measurable increase in energy expenditure over and above resting energy expenditure that can be measured for several hours following a meal is known as thermic effect of food.

Question 8

Which of the following chronic conditions has a three-fold increase in prevalence in those who are obese?&#10;A)renal disease&#10;B)type 2 diabetes&#10;C)orthopedic conditions&#10;D)respiratory disorders

Accepted Answer

Type 2 diabetes has a three-fold increase in prevalence in those who are obese. Type 2 diabetes has a three-fold increase in prevalence in those who are obese compared to those who are not obese. Renal disease, orthopedic conditions, and respiratory disorders may all be impacted by obesity but do not necessarily have a three-fold increase in prevalence.

Question 9

Your patient is admitted to the cardiac floor with mild arrhythmias The most appropriate method of estimating energy requirements in this patient is:&#10;A)indirect calorimetry.&#10;B)use of doubly labeled water.&#10;C)predictive equations.&#10;D)using the USDA's MyPyramid website.

Accepted Answer

Indirect calorimetry and doubly labeled water may not be practical or necessary for a patient with mild arrhythmias. Instead, predictive equations can estimate energy requirements based on factors such as age, gender, weight, and activity level. USDA's MyPyramid website is not specific enough for individualized energy requirements. Indirect calorimetry and doubly labeled water are both methods for accurately determining energy requirements, but they are not typically used in this patient population. Indirect calorimetry may not be practical in patients with arrhythmias, and doubly labeled water is expensive and requires specialized equipment. Predictive equations are a common method for estimating energy needs in clinical practice and are appropriate for this patient. The USDA's MyPyramid website may be a useful resource for general nutrition information and guidance, but it is not a recommended method for estimating energy requirements in individual patients.

Question 10

Generally speaking, you would expect BEE to be _____ than REE&#10;A)10-20% more&#10;B)10-20% less&#10;C)20-30% more&#10;D)20-30% less

Accepted Answer

BMR is usually higher than RMR by about 10-20%, therefore BEE is also expected to be higher by the same percentage. Hence, BEE is expected to be 10-20% less than REE.

Question 11

A post-prandial glucose increase stimulates the $\beta$-cells of the pancreas to release insulin, which has what effect on appetite and food intake?&#10;A)increases&#10;B)decreases&#10;C)no effect&#10;D)insignificant effect

Accepted Answer

The answer of A post-prandial glucose increase stimulates the $\beta$-cells...

Question 12

Recent research has studied the effect of which two hormones on the regulation of appetite and fat storage?&#10;A)estrogen and adiponectin&#10;B)ghrelin and amylin&#10;C)ghrelin and leptin&#10;D)insulin and estrogen

Accepted Answer

The answer of Recent research has studied the effect of...

Question 13

The energy necessary to sustain life and to keep vital organs functioning is termed:&#10;A)resting energy expenditure.&#10;B)basal energy expenditure.&#10;C)total energy expenditure.&#10;D)physical activity-related energy expenditure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The energy necessary to sustain life and...

Question 14

Which of the following statements best describes the basic premise of indirect calorimetry?&#10;A)Energy expenditure is proportional to the body's oxygen production and its carbon dioxide consumption.&#10;B)It is the approach used in outpatient settings.&#10;C)Energy expenditure is proportional to the body's oxygen consumption and its carbon dioxide production.&#10;D)Indirect calorimetry provides less accuracy than standardized predictive equations.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following statements best describes...

Question 15

According to the latest NHANES study, the proportion of US adults that is overweight or obese is:&#10;A)31%.&#10;B)67%.&#10;C)15%.&#10;D)40%.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to the latest NHANES study, the...

Question 16

Which of the following is the basic premise of the etiology of obesity?&#10;A)emotional eating&#10;B)hormone dysfunction&#10;C)energy intake > energy expenditure&#10;D)lack of effective medical treatments

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is the basic...

Question 17

Which of the following methods of estimating energy expenditure involves following the subjects for a one- to two-week period?&#10;A)TEE&#10;B)DLW&#10;C)indirect calorimetry&#10;D)direct calorimetry

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following methods of estimating...

Question 18

What is a limitation of the EER equations?&#10;A)They do not account for physical activity.&#10;B)They were developed for pregnant and lactating women.&#10;C)They do not account for age.&#10;D)They apply only to persons having a healthy weight.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is a limitation of the EER...

Question 19

Your patient has been in a car accident, has multi-system organ failure, and is on a ventilator in the ICU You suspect he is highly hypermetabolic The most appropriate method of estimating energy requirements in this patient is:

A)indirect calorimetry.
B)use of doubly labeled water.
C)direct calorimetry.
D)using the USDA's MyPyramid website.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Your patient has been in a car...

Question 20

The lowest rate of energy expenditure of an individual in a post-absorptive state and thermally neutral environment is termed:&#10;A)resting energy expenditure.&#10;B)basal energy expenditure.&#10;C)total energy expenditure.&#10;D)physical activity-related energy expenditure.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The lowest rate of energy expenditure of...

Question 21

Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;KL is 42 years of age and comes to your office for nutritional counseling.Your nutritional assessment data is as follows:&#10;HT: 5'7&#34; WT: 180# 1.7018 m/170.18 cm, 81.818 kg&#10;Calculate the TEE for KL assuming KL is female and active&#10;A)2489.7 kcal&#10;B)3019.8 kcal&#10;C)2065.1 kcal&#10;D)2605.4 kcal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;KL is 42 years...

Question 22

CP is a 30 yo female who is meeting with a physician to consider Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.
HT: 5'3" WT: 234# UBW: 201# (2 years ago)
The type of surgery that CP is considering can most accurately be described as:

A)banding.
B)restrictive.
C)restrictive-malabsorptive.
C)malabsorptive.

Accepted Answer

The answer of CP is a 30 yo female who...

Question 23

CP is a 30 yo female who is meeting with a physician to consider Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.
HT: 5'3" WT: 234# UBW: 201# (2 years ago)
What percent IBW is CP?

A)175%
B)159%
C)203%
D)189%

Accepted Answer

The answer of CP is a 30 yo female who...

Question 24

Which of the following forms of energy expenditure has the most potential for control?&#10;A)physical activity energy expenditure&#10;B)thermic effect of food&#10;C)basal energy expenditure&#10;D)resting energy expenditure

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following forms of energy...

Question 25

Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;KL is 42 years of age and comes to your office for nutritional counseling.Your nutritional assessment data is as follows:&#10;HT: 5'7&#34; WT: 180# 1.7018 m/170.18 cm, 81.818 kg&#10;Calculate KL's energy needs using the simplified Harris-Benedict equation assuming KL is female&#10;A)1566.4 kcal&#10;B)1961.2 kcal&#10;C)1760.7 kcal&#10;D)2331.9 kcal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;KL is 42 years...

Question 26

If your patient is consuming &#34;high-energy-dense&#34; foods, they will tend to be _____ in water and _____ in fat and kcalories&#10;A)high, high&#10;B)high, low&#10;C)low, low&#10;D)low, high

Accepted Answer

The answer of If your patient is consuming &#34;high-energy-dense&#34; foods,...

Question 27

CP is a 30 yo female who is meeting with a physician to consider Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.
HT: 5'3" WT: 234# UBW: 201# (2 years ago)
If CP's BMI was above 50, she would likely be a candidate for which type of surgery?

A)gastric banding
B)biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch
C)vertical sleeve gastrectomy
D)Roux-en-Y would still be an optimal option

Accepted Answer

The answer of CP is a 30 yo female who...

Question 28

CP is a 30 yo female who is meeting with a physician to consider Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.
HT: 5'3" WT: 234# UBW: 201# (2 years ago)
If CP's BMI was above 50, she would likely be a candidate for which type of surgery?

A)gastric banding
B)biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch
C)vertical sleeve gastrectomy
D)Roux-en-Y would still be an optimal option

Accepted Answer

The answer of CP is a 30 yo female who...

Question 29

Physical activity is _____ an energy-restricted diet in promoting initial weight loss&#10;A)as important as&#10;B)more important than&#10;C)less important than&#10;D)excessively more important than

Accepted Answer

The answer of Physical activity is _____ an energy-restricted diet...

Question 30

Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;KL is 42 years of age and comes to your office for nutritional counseling.Your nutritional assessment data is as follows:&#10;HT: 5'7&#34; WT: 180# 1.7018 m/170.18 cm, 81.818 kg&#10;Calculate the TEE for KL assuming KL is male and active&#10;A)2481.7 kcal&#10;B)3036.7 kcal&#10;C)2098.9 kcal&#10;D)2634.8 kcal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;KL is 42 years...

Question 31

CP is a 30 yo female who is meeting with a physician to consider Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.
HT: 5'3" WT: 234# UBW: 201# (2 years ago)
Should CP elect to not have surgery, she should work with the registered dietitian to reduce her intake by:

A)1-2 pounds per week.
B)1000-1500 kcal/day.
C)500-1000 kcal/day.
D)6.6 pounds/year.

Accepted Answer

The answer of CP is a 30 yo female who...

Question 32

Which of the following is a reasonable and achievable weight loss goal for someone who is obese?&#10;A)1-2 pounds per month&#10;B)2-4 pounds per month&#10;C)1-2 pounds per week&#10;D)2-4 pounds per week

Accepted Answer

The answer of Which of the following is a reasonable...

Question 33

One strategy for reducing energy intake while maintaining satiety levels is to:&#10;A)consume high-energy foods as first course.&#10;B)consume low-energy foods as a first course.&#10;C)consume less food at meal time.&#10;D)consume high-energy foods as snacks.

Accepted Answer

The answer of One strategy for reducing energy intake while...

Question 34

Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;KL is 42 years of age and comes to your office for nutritional counseling.Your nutritional assessment data is as follows:&#10;HT: 5'7&#34; WT: 180# 1.7018 m/170.18 cm, 81.818 kg&#10;Calculate the TEE for KL assuming he is male and sedentary&#10;A)2481.7 kcal&#10;B)3036.7 kcal&#10;C)2098.9 kcal&#10;D)2634.8 kcal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;KL is 42 years...

Question 35

Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;KL is 42 years of age and comes to your office for nutritional counseling.Your nutritional assessment data is as follows:&#10;HT: 5'7&#34; WT: 180# 1.7018 m/170.18 cm, 81.818 kg&#10;Calculate KL's energy needs using the simplified Harris-Benedict equation assuming KL is male&#10;A)1566.4 kcal&#10;B)1961.2 kcal&#10;C)1760.7 kcal&#10;D)2331.9 kcal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;KL is 42 years...

Question 36

CP is a 30 yo female who is meeting with a physician to consider Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.
HT: 5'3" WT: 234# UBW: 201# (2 years ago)
What percent IBW is CP?

A)175%
B)159%
C)203%
D)189%

Accepted Answer

The answer of CP is a 30 yo female who...

Question 37

Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;KL is 42 years of age and comes to your office for nutritional counseling.Your nutritional assessment data is as follows:&#10;HT: 5'7&#34; WT: 180# 1.7018 m/170.18 cm, 81.818 kg&#10;Calculate the TEE for KL assuming KL is female and sedentary&#10;A)2489.7 kcal&#10;B)3019.8 kcal&#10;C)2065.1 kcal&#10;D)2605.4 kcal

Accepted Answer

The answer of Case Study Multiple Choice&#10;KL is 42 years...

Deck 12: Energy Balance and Body Weight