Deck 14: Sampling and Simulation

Question 1

One limitation of random sampling is that if the population is extremely large, numbering and selecting
sample elements could be costly and time-consuming.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

In multistage sampling, a very large population is given a questionnaire to determine those who meet the
qualifications for the study.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

The time and place where a survey is conducted could influence the results.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Give the type of sample obtained by numbering each element in the population and then selecting every third or fifth or tenth, etc., number from the population to be included in the sample.

A)biased sample
B)cluster sample
C)systematic sample
D)stratified sample

Question 5

The first step in simulating experiments using the Monte Carlo method is to list all of the possible
outcomes of the experiment.

Question 6

In stratified sampling, the researcher selects intact, pre-existing, or natural groups to use as samples.

Question 7

What term is given to a sample chosen at random from a population?

A)biased sample
B)cluster sample
C)unbiased sample
D)stratified sample

Question 8

If all possible samples of a specific size have the same chance of being selected, what type of sampling technique is being used?

A)random sampling
B)cluster sampling
C)systematic sampling
D)stratified sampling

Question 9

One major disadvantage of cluster sampling is that the elements in a cluster may not have the same
variation in characteristics as elements selected individually from a population.

Question 10

The basic simulation technique is referred to as multistage sampling.

Question 11

Give the type of sample obtained by selecting a pre-existing or natural group and using the members in the group for the sample.

A)biased sample
B)cluster sample
C)systematic sample
D)stratified sample

Question 12

In double sampling, the researcher uses a combination of sampling methods.

Question 13

Simulation techniques go back to ancient times when the game of chess was invented to simulate
warfare.

Question 14

If a third of a population is female, then approximately a third of the representative sample should be
female.

Question 15

Which of the following methods will give a truly random sampling of the general population?

A)polling random people on the street
B)mailing out questionnaires to be filled out and returned
C)posing a question on a radio station and asking the general public to call in to respond
D)none of the above

Question 16

If a researcher chooses a name at random in the phone book and then chooses every 100th name thereafter
as a sample, the researcher would be employing the method of systematic sampling.

Question 17

Samples are said to be biased samples when some type of systematic error has been made in the selection
of the subjects.

Question 18

Sampling techniques are often used:

A)When the population is too large to be analyzed
B)When the population is too small to be accurately analyzed
C)When the entire population can be analyzed
D)When survey questions are difficult to compose

Question 19

An example of a good technique for getting a random sample of the population would be to ask a
question by radio and have the listeners phone in with an answer.

Question 20

Sampling methods often use random numbers to select samples.

Question 21

A pollster wanted to determine how much support a new library tax would have in a major metropolitan area.The metro area is divided into 44 wards, and 50 voters from each ward are surveyed.What type of
Sampling technique is being employed?

A)stratified sampling
B)random sampling
C)cluster sampling
D)systematic sampling

Question 22

The survey question, "Why do you think that people break laws?" is a poor survey question because it is:

A)Too open-ended
B)Too close-ended
C)A question that uses double negatives
D)A question that is ordered improperly

Question 23

A researcher is using a random number table to pick between two groups labelled X and Y.Each group is to be chosen with the same probability (0.50).The researcher assigns the odd digits {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} to X
And the even digits {2, 4, 6, 8, 0} to Y.The researcher uses this section of a random number table: What is the first choice?

A)X
B)Y
C)Z

Question 24

A researcher is using a random number table to pick between two groups labelled X and Y.X is to be chosen with a probability of 5/7 and Y with a probability of 2/7.The researcher assigns the digits {1, 2, 3,
4, 5} to X and the digits {6, 7} to Y.The researcher uses this section of a random number table: What are the first and second choices?

A)The first choice is X and the second choice is X
B)The first choice is X and the second choice is Y
C)The first choice is Y and the second choice is X
D)The first choice is Y and the second choice is Y

Question 25

Which of the following is not an advantage of cluster sampling over the other sampling techniques?

A)cost reduction
B)convenience
C)homogeneous groups
D)simplified field work

Question 26

What type of question consists of giving the subject a list of possible responses from which to choose?

A)close-ended
B)open-ended
C)faulty
D)unbiased

Question 27

A small city politician is running for the ward council seat.If the politician decides to poll three blocks in the ward to determine his chance of winning the seat, what type of sampling is being used?

A)multistage sampling
B)cluster sampling
C)systematic sampling
D)stratified sampling

Question 28

A researcher is using a random number table to pick between two groups labelled X and Y.Each group is to be chosen with the same probability (0.50).The researcher assigns the odd digits {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} to X
And the even digits {2, 4, 6, 8, 0} to Y.The researcher uses this section of a random number table What are the first and second choices?

A)The first choice is X and the second choice is X
B)The first choice is X and the second choice is Y
C)The first choice is Y and the second choice is X
D)The first choice is Y and the second choice is Y

Question 29

A researcher wishes to use a random number table to pick between three groups labelled X, Y, and Z.X is to be chosen with a probability of 13/63, Y with a probability of 28/63, and Z with a probability of 22/63.How can the researcher assign random numbers to achieve these probabilities?

A)Assign 1 through 13 to X, 1 through 28 to Y, and 1 through 22 to Z
B)Assign 1 through 13 to X, 14 through 28 to Y, and 14 through 63 to Z
C)Assign 1 through 13 to X, 14 through 41 to Y, and 42 through 100 to Z
D)Assign 1 through 13 to X, 14 through 41 to Y, and 42 through 63 to Z

Question 30

A type of sampling in which a very large population is given a questionnaire and then after the questionnaires are reviewed, a smaller population is formed and a sample is selected is called:

A)double sampling
B)cluster sampling
C)systematic sampling
D)stratified sampling

Question 31

The survey question, "Since everybody likes baseball, you support the construction of the new ball field, don't you?" is a poor survey question because it is:

A)Too open-ended
B)A biased question
C)A question that uses double negatives
D)A question that is ordered improperly

Question 32

A researcher is using a random number table to pick between two groups labelled X and Y.X is to be chosen with a probability of 36/56 and Y with a probability of 20/56.The researcher assigns the digits
From 1 through 36 to X and the digits 37 to 56 to Y.The researcher uses this section of a random number
Table: What are the first and second choices?

A)The first choice is X and the second choice is undefined
B)The first choice is X and the second choice is Y
C)The first choice is Y and the second choice is X
D)The first choice is Y and the second choice is undefined

Question 33

Why would researchers want to use a simulation rather than study an actual situation?

A)The actual situation may be too costly.
B)The actual situation may be too dangerous.
C)The actual situation may be too time-consuming.
D)All of the above

Question 34

Which of the following is not a valid reason for using a sample rather than a population for a survey?

A)Sampling saves the researcher time.
B)Sampling enables the researcher to get more detailed information about a particular subject.
C)Sampling is more costly than using the population.
D)Sampling allows the researcher to obtain information that may not be gained otherwise.

Question 35

A quality control engineer is checking parts coming off an assembly line to see if they meet customer specifications.What type of sampling is being employed?

A)double sampling
B)multistage sampling
C)systematic sampling
D)sequence sampling

Question 36

The survey question, "Do you feel that, if people were not allowed to park along this street, children would not be able to play here?" is a poor survey question because it is:

A)Too close-ended
B)A biased question
C)A question that uses double negatives
D)Too open-ended

Question 37

A statistics teacher taught Introductory Statistics to a large lecture class of 200 students.She wanted to calculate the average of the first examination by selecting every eighth student's test score and finding the
Average of these scores.What type of sampling technique is being employed?

A)stratified sampling
B)random sampling
C)cluster sampling
D) systematic sampling

Question 38

Which of the following examples of a survey question is not meant to bias the participant's response?

A)"Do you feel that it is not appropriate for record companies to censor music?"
B)"Are you in favour of raising the speed limit on interstate highways?"
C)"At what age should airline pilots be forced into retirement?"

Question 39

A researcher is using a random number table to pick between two groups labelled X and Y.X is to be chosen with a probability of 5/7 and Y with a probability of 2/7.The researcher assigns the digits {1, 2, 3,
4, 5} to X and the digits {6, 7} to Y.The researcher uses this section of a random number table: What are the first and second choices?

A)The first choice is X and the second choice is X
B)The first choice is X and the second choice is Y
C)The first choice is Y and the second choice is X
D)The first choice is Y and the second choice is Y

Question 40

A new product is being introduced, and a nationwide survey to determine the public's opinion of the product is to be conducted.Four provinces are picked at random, divided into eight areas, and then
A sample of these areas is divided into rural and urban markets.A number of people in each of these
Markets are asked their opinion of the new product.What type of sampling technique is being employed?

A)sequence sampling
B)double sampling
C)multistage sampling
D)systematic sampling

Question 41

A researcher is using a random number table to pick between two groups labelled X and Y.X is to be chosen with a probability of 5/7 and Y with a probability of 2/7.The researcher assigns the digits {1, 2, 3,
4, 5} to X and the digits {6, 7} to Y.The researcher uses this section of a random number table: What are the first and second choices?

A)The first choice is X and the second choice is X
B)The first choice is X and the second choice is Y
C)The first choice is Y and the second choice is X
D)The first choice is Y and the second choice is Y

Question 42

A six-sided die is used to simulate the favourite ice cream flavours for a simulated series of customers. Given that the following five numbers were rolled, how many customers had chocolate as their favourite
Flavour?
2 6 3 4 5

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 43

The _______________ is a simulation technique using random numbers, most commonly used in
business and industry to solve problems that are extremely difficult or involve a large number of
variables.
________________________________________

Question 44

A(n) ______________ is a sample obtained by dividing the population into subgroups, according to
various homogeneous characteristics and then selecting members from each homogeneous group for the
sample.
________________________________________

Question 45

What is the basic simulation technique called?

A)ANOVA
B)Monte Carlo method
C)stratified sampling
D)multistage sampling

Question 46

A six-sided die is rolled to simulate a nine-hole round of golf.
Given that the following nine numbers were rolled, on how many holes did the golfer make par or better
(hole-in-one, eagle, birdie, or par):
3, 1, 1, 4, 6, 5, 2, 3, 6

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6

Question 47

A series of random digits is used to simulate the type of car wash requested by customers. Given that the following ten numbers were picked, how many customers did not want a standard car
Wash?

A)3
B)4
C)6
D)7

Question 48

Which of the following examples of a survey question is meant to bias the response?

A)"Are you in favour of using photo radar on Toronto streets?"
B)"Should drivers be allowed to turn right at red traffic lights?"
C)"Should the federal government introduce mandatory retirement at 60 years of age so as to remove incompetent bureaucrats?"
D)"Will you vote in the next provincial election?"

Question 49

A sample is said to be ______________ if it is a good representation of the population.
________________________________________

Question 50

Sampling differs from simulation in that

A)Sampling uses data from computer-generated situations while simulation uses real-life data
B)Sampling uses real-life data while simulation uses data from surveys and questionnaires
C)Sampling uses data from surveys and questionnaires while simulation uses data gathered from real-life observation
D)Sampling uses data gathered from real-life observation while simulation uses data from computer- generated situations

Question 51

A flip of a fair coin is used to simulate the sizes of a series of simulated shirts.
Given the following six flips, how many extra-large shirts were there?
H T T T H T

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 52

A six-sided die is used to simulate the favourite ice cream flavours for a simulated series of customers.
Given that the following eight numbers were rolled, how many customers had the same favourite flavour
As the person just in front of him?

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 53

Samples are said to be ______________ when some type of systematic error has been made in the
selection of the subjects.
________________________________________

Question 54

A flip of a fair coin is used to simulate the gender of a series of simulated students. Given the following four flips, how many female students were there?
H T T T

A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4

Question 55

In _________________, which is used in quality control, successive units taken from production lines are
sampled to ensure that the products meet certain standards set by the manufacturing company.
________________________________________

Question 56

A series of random digits is used to simulate the correct answers in a simulated multiple-choice quiz.
Given that the following ten numbers were picked, how many questions had a correct answer of either A
Or E?

A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5

Question 57

A(n) __________ is defined as all subjects (human or otherwise) that are being studied.
________________________________________

Question 58

An early evening television program that discussed the use of "carbon offsets" to reduce the impact on global warming asked its viewers to phone in or e-mail a vote for or against this approach.The next day
The television station reported the vote was 70% in favour of this approach.This type of sampling is
Called:

A)voluntary response sampling
B)simple random sampling
C)probability sampling
D)stratified random sampling

Question 59

For a sample to be considered _______________, every member of the population must have an equal
chance of being selected.
________________________________________

Question 60

A computer is simulating games of chess.When the numbers 1, 2, and 3 appear, player A has won.When the numbers 4, 5, and 6 appear, player B has won.If the numbers 7, 8, and 9 appear, it was a draw.Given
The following sequence of randomly generated numbers, how many games did A win?
4, 5, 8, 5, 9, 3, 6, 4, 5, 1, 8, 3, 6

A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6

Question 61

There is a 5% chance that Bob will win a game and make $50.If he loses, he has to pay $5.What is
his expected winnings if he plays 20 times? Use the following random numbers table.Starting with the
number 74, go down the columns, continuing at the top of the next column, until 20 numbers have been
chosen.

Question 62

The 99 census divisions in Quebec were numbered alphabetically, and a researcher decided to randomly
select a number and then survey every sixth division on unemployment rates.What type of sampling
technique is the researcher employing?

Question 63

The following numbers were randomly generated.Starting with the number 97, select every other number
down the columns, continuing at the top of the next column, until seven numbers have been chosen.If the
odd numbers represent tails, and the even numbers represent heads, how many times does this simulated
coin land on tails?

Question 64

A(n) ____________ is conducted when a sample of individuals is asked to respond to questions about a
particular subject.
________________________________________

Question 65

What are two advantages of using simulation techniques instead of studying actual situations?

Question 66

Joe is going to play a carnival game where if you guess the correct month, you win $20.It costs $2 to
play.1 represents he wins, 2-12 represents he loses.
What is his expected winnings if he plays 27 times? A computer randomly generated the following
numbers from 1 to 12.

Question 67

A pollster wants to determine which local news channel is watched most frequently in Vancouver.Two
city blocks in downtown Vancouver are used as a sample.What type of sampling technique is being
used?