Deck 15: The Biology of Fungi

Question 1

In a mutualistic relationship with a fungus, the plant can receive

A) minerals.
B) protection.
C) water.
D) all of these

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Most yeast cells reproduce via

A) budding, which is an asexual process utilizing mitosis.
B) budding, which is a sexual process using meiosis.
C) mating of compatible hyphae, which is an asexual process utilizing mitosis.
D) mating of compatible hyphae, which is a sexual process utilizing meiosis.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

There is a compound found in dung that helps the fungus to absorb which of the following macronutrients?

A) iron
B) nitrogen
C) phosphorus
D) potassium

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Approximately _____ percent of all fungi are yeasts.

A) 1
B) 25
C) 50
D) 99

Question 5

The cell walls of plants are composed of __________, and the cell walls of fungi are composed of __________.

A) cellulose; cellulose
B) cellulose; chitin
C) chitin; cellulose
D) chitin; chitin

Question 6

Which of the following statements is correct?

A) Fungi are autotrophs that can be predators.
B) Fungi are autotrophs that cannot be predators.
C) Fungi are heterotrophs that can be predators.
D) Fungi are heterotrophs that cannot be predators.

Question 7

One of the most common types of mold spores are from

A) Aspergillu s.
B) Candida .
C) Penicillium .
D) Pilobolus .

Question 8

What structures in the cell of a fungus are not present in animal cells?

A) cell walls of cellulose and chloroplasts
B) cell walls of cellulose
C) cell walls of chitin and chloroplasts
D) cell walls of chitin

Question 9

Most lichens are the result of the combination of a fungus and

A) brown algae.
B) cyanobacteria.
C) green algae.
D) red algae.

Question 10

Hydrolysis requires __________ to break down macromolecules.

A) hydrogen
B) nitrogen
C) oxygen
D) water

Question 11

Which of the following are not present in the cells of fungi?

A) cell walls
B) chloroplasts
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria

Question 12

The leading edge of a hypha is in the __________ stage of cell division.

A) anaphase
B) interphase
C) metaphase
D) prophase

Question 13

In a mutualistic relationship with a plant, the fungus receives

A) minerals.
B) protection.
C) sugar.
D) water.

Question 14

The zombie-ant fungus lives in the __________ of a carpenter ant.

A) bloodstream
B) brain
C) digestive tract
D) exoskeleton

Question 15

When an individual experiences a yeast infection, the yeast is in the __________ form.

A) filamentous
B) fruiting body
C) lichen
D) single-cell

Question 16

A fungus that has enzymes capable of breaking down cellulose could digest

A) bone.
B) feathers.
C) skin.
D) wood.

Question 17

The Pilobolus fungus aims at __________ and releases its spores.

A) a cow
B) a dung pile
C) a grassy field
D) sunlight

Question 18

The majority of the bulk of a lichen is

A) algae.
B) cyanobacteria.
C) fruiting bodies.
D) fungal mycelium.

Question 19

The lobster mushroom results when a fungus acts as a parasite to

A) cow dung.
B) a fungus.
C) plants.
D) skin.

Question 20

Directly on the underside of the fruiting body of a mushroom, you will find __________.

A) hyphae
B) mycelia
C) seeds
D) spores

Question 21

The end results of alcoholic fermentation are

A) ethanol and carbon dioxide.
B) ethanol and oxygen.
C) sugar and carbon dioxide.
D) sugar and oxygen.

Question 22

Antibiotics can destroy bacteria because they interfere with the production of ____________ in the bacterial cell.

A) cell walls
B) DNA
C) ribosomes
D) More than one of these answers is correct.

Question 23

Most fungi require __________ and are therefore __________.

A) carbon dioxide; aerobic
B) carbon dioxide; anaerobic
C) oxygen; aerobic
D) oxygen; anaerobic

Question 24

Alcoholic fermentation requires __________ and is an __________ type of reaction.

A) oxygen; aerobic
B) oxygen; anaerobic
C) sugar; aerobic
D) sugar; anaerobic

Question 25

Penicillin is effective against bacterial infections because it interferes with the construction of new __________ in the bacteria.

A) DNA
B) cell walls
C) endoplasmic reticulum
D) mitochondria

Question 26

In the life cycle of a fungus, the binucleate mycelium becomes

A) compatible hyphae.
B) a fruiting body.
C) a new mycelium.
D) many spores.

Question 27

Alcoholic fermentation differs from lactic acid fermentation because

A) only one of these processes is aerobic.
B) the products are different.
C) the reactants are different.
D) the reactants and products are different.

Question 28

During the production of beer, the barley must be "malted," which means it is

A) converted to simple sugars.
B) exposed to baker's yeast.
C) exposed to brewer's yeast.
D) fermented.

Question 29

__________ (A) occurs to produce four genetically unique __________ (B).

A) Mitosis; diploid spores
B) Meiosis; diploid spores
C) Mitosis; haploid spores
D) Meiosis; haploid spores

Question 30

What is the effect of aflatoxins on humans?

A) cause hallucinations
B) cure bacterial infections
C) cure viral infections
D) make stored foods toxic to the liver

Question 31

The purpose of the distasteful odor emitted from the stinkhorn fern is to

A) attract flies.
B) discourage predators.
C) mimic another fungus.
D) prevent plants from growing nearby.

Question 32

Slime molds are classified as

A) animals.
B) fungi.
C) plants.
D) protists.

Question 33

A type of fungus that produces toxic alkaloids is

A) Aspergillus .
B) the death cap mushroom.
C) ergot.
D) the Psilocybe mushroom.

Question 34

Ingesting the Psilocybe mushroom usually causes

A) a burning sensation.
B) death.
C) hallucinations.
D) liver and kidney shutdown.

Question 35

The bubbles seen during fermentation contain

A) alcohol.
B) carbon dioxide.
C) oxygen.
D) sugars.

Question 36

__________ is used in the manufacturing of pizza, and this type of yeast grows __________ than most other varieties.

A) Baker's yeast; faster
B) Baker's yeast; slower
C) Brewer's yeast; faster
D) Brewer's yeast; slower

Question 37

If two hyphae are compatible,

A) the hyphae and the nuclei remain separate.
B) the hyphae and the nuclei fuse together.
C) the hyphae fuse together and the nuclei remain separate.
D) the hyphae remain separate and the nuclei fuse together.

Question 38

The __________ (C) develops into the __________ (D).

A) fruiting body; mycelium
B) mycelium; fruiting body
C) hypha; mycelium
D) mycelium; hypha

Question 39

Water molds have cell walls made of

A) cellulose.
B) chitin.
C) complex carbohydrates.
D) phospholipids.

Question 40

The bird's nest fungus utilizes __________ to distribute its spores.

A) insects
B) rain
C) wind
D) all of these

Question 41

__________ is required for the production of pizza, and the bubbles in the crust contain __________.

A) Baker's yeast; carbon dioxide
B) Baker's yeast; oxygen
C) Brewer's yeast; carbon dioxide
D) Brewer's yeast; oxygen

Question 42

A mycorrhiza is a relationship between a fungus and

A) another fungus.
B) animals.
C) plants.
D) protists.

Question 43

Ergot is a fungus that often grows on

A) cow dung.
B) fruits.
C) grains.
D) water.

Question 44

Old folklore legends often refer to fairy rings where elf-like beings were supposed to be found. Fairy rings actually do exist as a circular formation of mushrooms, which may grow as large as ten meters across. Often plant growth within the fairy ring is impaired. With your knowledge of fungi, how would you attempt to explain this phenomenon?

Question 45

The ideal environment for the growth of fungi, such as mushrooms, is

A) damp and dark.
B) damp and light.
C) dry and dark.
D) dry and light.

Question 46

Put the following events of the mushroom life cycle in order, beginning with the development of a fruiting body: i.     Formation of a mycelium ii.Mating of compatible hyphae iii.Spore development and release iv.Spore germination

A) i, ii, iii, iv
B) ii, iii, iv, i
C) ii, iii, i, iv
D) iii, iv, ii, i

Question 47

You may be aware of a fungal pathogen known as Dutch elm disease. This disease is transferred via a vector-the elm bark beetle. Damage to the plant actually results from the plant's attempts to limit the fungal growth. The plant typically forms a plug in its xylem so that the fungal growth cannot receive the necessary water and minerals. This causes damage to the tree from the top down. Currently, there are three methods of treatment for this disease. Below is list of the three methods and the numbers of trees per thousand that survived after treatment: Treatment A = removing limbs that show signs of disease; 350/1000 survived Treatment B = use of a fungicide; 700/1000 survived Treatment C = another fungus is injected into the tree to boost immunity; 500/1000 survived What percentage of the trees died after treatment A?

A) 35 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 65 percent
D) 70 percent

Question 48

Ringworm is a skin infection with a fungus, not a worm! In this case, the fungus acts as a

A) decomposer.
B) parasite.
C) pathogen.
D) predator.

Question 49

Anaerobic metabolism produces

A) large amounts of energy.
B) small amounts of energy.
C) the same amount of energy as aerobic metabolism.
D) no energy.

Question 50

Candida is another name for

A) baker's yeast.
B) brewer's yeast.
C) slime molds.
D) yeast that can cause vaginal infections.

Question 51

A fungus reproduces via

A) asexual reproduction only.
B) sexual reproduction only.
C) both asexual and sexual reproduction.
D) neither asexual nor sexual reproduction.

Question 52

You may be aware of a fungal pathogen known as Dutch elm disease. This disease is transferred via a vector-the elm bark beetle. Damage to the plant actually results from the plant's attempts to limit the fungal growth. The plant typically forms a plug in its xylem so that the fungal growth cannot receive the necessary water and minerals. This causes damage to the tree from the top down. Currently, there are three methods of treatment for this disease. Below is list of the three methods and the numbers of trees per thousand that survived after treatment: Treatment A = removing limbs that show signs of disease; 350/1000 survived Treatment B = use of a fungicide; 700/1000 survived Treatment C = another fungus is injected into the tree to boost immunity; 500/1000 survived What percentage died after treatment C?

A) 35 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 65 percent
D) 70 percent

Question 53

You may be aware of a fungal pathogen known as Dutch elm disease. This disease is transferred via a vector-the elm bark beetle. Damage to the plant actually results from the plant's attempts to limit the fungal growth. The plant typically forms a plug in its xylem so that the fungal growth cannot receive the necessary water and minerals. This causes damage to the tree from the top down. Currently, there are three methods of treatment for this disease. Below is list of the three methods and the numbers of trees per thousand that survived after treatment: Treatment A = removing limbs that show signs of disease; 350/1000 survived Treatment B = use of a fungicide; 700/1000 survived Treatment C = another fungus is injected into the tree to boost immunity; 500/1000 survived What percentage survived after treatment B?

A) 30 percent
B) 50 percent
C) 70 percent
D) 75 percent

Question 54

You may be aware of a fungal pathogen known as Dutch elm disease. This disease is transferred via a vector-the elm bark beetle. Damage to the plant actually results from the plant's attempts to limit the fungal growth. The plant typically forms a plug in its xylem so that the fungal growth cannot receive the necessary water and minerals. This causes damage to the tree from the top down. Currently, there are three methods of treatment for this disease. Below is list of the three methods and the numbers of trees per thousand that survived after treatment: Treatment A = removing limbs that show signs of disease; 350/1000 survived Treatment B = use of a fungicide; 700/1000 survived Treatment C = another fungus is injected into the tree to boost immunity; 500/1000 survived From this study, which treatment appears to be the most effective against Dutch elm disease?

A) treatment A
B) treatment B
C) treatment C
D) They are all totally ineffective.

Question 55

Scientists often study lichens to look at the effects of acid rain. Why?

A) Lichens absorb water directly from air.
B) Lichens are located in many diverse environments.
C) Lichens can withstand droughts.
D) Lichens get water from the area directly beneath trees.

Question 56

If a new species with root-like structures is discovered, how could you tell if it is a plant or a fungus?

A) Compare the composition of the cell walls.
B) Look for green coloration.
C) Look for the presence of chloroplasts.
D) All of these would be useful.