Deck 13: Civil Rights: Diversifying the Elite

Question 1

Educational elites argue in favor of "diversity" as an institutional goal by saying that

A) students benefit from interaction with others from different heritages.
B) universities benefit by attracting a better-quality group of students.
C) public demand in a democracy requires it.
D) diversity is a goal in itself.

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The tacit approval of white supremacy in the South and the concession of the federal support for civil rights were a result of the

A) Compromise of 1877.
B) Eighteenth Amendment.
C) election of Senator Jim Crow to Congress.
D) Civil War

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Elites respond to interest group protests by

A) making symbolic gestures to pacify active protestors.
B) ignoring them.
C) converting protest leaders to elite preferences.
D) all of the above.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Desegregation was accomplished with

A) moral persuasion.
B) sensitivity training for educators.
C) laws.
D) military force.

Question 5

The portion of African-American families living below the poverty line in 2010 was about

A) 10.5 percent
B) 23.3 percent
C) 38.9 percent
D) 58.4 percent

Question 6

Protest leaders will moderate their demands when they realize that

A) they will never succeed.
B) they can get themselves a stake in the elite system.
C) they are underfunded.
D) selling out is more fun.

Question 7

The largest ethnic minority in the United States today is

A) Whites.
B) African Americans.
C) Hispanics.
D) Asians.

Question 8

The equal sharing of income, jobs, and material rewards, regardless of ability, talent, initiative, or work is known as

A) equality of opportunity.
B) equality of results.
C) communism.
D) commiseration of the proletariat.

Question 9

The provision of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 that prohibits discrimination in hiring is

A) Title II.
B) Title V.
C) Title VII.
D) Title IX.

Question 10

Which of the following conditions does the Supreme Court require to uphold affirmative action?

A) Government actions must be "narrowly tailored" to further a government interest.
B) Government actions must advance compelling government objectives.
C) Government actions that use a racial classification must be subject to "strict scrutiny."
D) All of the above are true.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about ethnic groups and median income since 1975?

A) White income has declined, while Hispanic and African-American income has increased.
B) Whites, Hispanics, and African-Americans have seen income rise.
C) White and Hispanic incomes have fallen while African-American income has risen.
D) African-American income has risen while White income has not.

Question 12

On his 2010 census form President Obama marked

A) black.
B) mixed race.
C) caucasian.
D) refused to state.

Question 13

The NAACP was created with the goal of the

A) racial cleansing of European Americans.
B) receipt of reparations for slavery.
C) creation of a separate black state.
D) integration of blacks into the existing society.

Question 14

The goals of civil disobedience under King were to

A) avoid punishment.
B) convince the people of America that racism was wrong.
C) draw attention to unjust treatment, so it could no longer be ignored.
D) let the protesters feel good about themselves.

Question 15

Segregation was found to be constitutional, along with the concept of

A) equal rights.
B) white rights.
C) "separate but equal."
D) racism.

Question 16

Looking at the change in the poverty rate since 1975, which of the following is true?

A) The poverty rate has decreased for Whites, Hispanics, and African Americans.
B) The poverty rate has increased for Whites but not Hispanics or African-Americans.
C) The poverty rate has increased for Whites and African-Americans, but decreased for Hispanics.
D) The poverty rate has risen for Whites, Hispanics, and African-Americans.

Question 17

An example of an early African-American organization that emerged from the repressive pattern of the late nineteenth century is

A) the Black Panthers.
B) the Nation of Islam.
C) the National Urban League.
D) All of the above are examples.

Question 18

Looking at the ethnic make up of the American population, compared to the ethnic make up of the congress, which of the following is true?

A) Whites are underrepresented while African-Americans are under represented.
B) Hispanics and Whites are overrepresented while African-Americans are under represented.
C) African-Americans are overrepresented and Hispanics are overrepresented.
D) Whites are overrepresented and Hispanics are underrepresented.

Question 19

Martin Luther King's main tactic in the fight for civil rights was

A) armed struggle.
B) terrorism.
C) nonviolent direct action.
D) rioting.

Question 20

Segregation did not end simply because the Supreme Court ordered it, because

A) the intent of the Court was not shared by local policy-making officials.
B) the Court was overruled by Congress.
C) the Court decision was vetoed by the president.
D) Americans are inherently racist.

Question 21

By 2010, _______________________ states had women governors.

A) no
B) two
C) six
D) twelve

Question 22

In 2010-2012, what little job growth took place saw most of the jobs go to

A) rich white males.
B) poor African-American women.
C) men.
D) women.

Question 23

Women have made significant inroads in traditionally male-dominated occupations such as

A) architecture.
B) law.
C) medicine.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 24

The portion of married women in the workforce today is about

A) 25 percent.
B) 50 percent.
C) 60 percent.
D) 70 percent.

Question 25

Concern with the "masculinist modes and patriarchal ideology" of "dead white males" is a focus of _________________ feminists.

A) radical
B) liberal
C) postmodern
D) equity

Question 26

Looking at the current Congress, which of the following is true?

A) No members claim to be homosexuals.
B) Very Few members claim to be homosexuals.
C) More than 10 members claim to be homosexuals.
D) More than 25 members claim to be homosexuals.

Question 27

In a 2009 poll on opinions about homosexuality

A) most people found it "morally wrong."
B) more than half thought it should be criminalized.
C) most said it was not "morally wrong" or  "not a moral issue."
D) All of the above are true.

Question 28

Title IX of the Education Act Amendments of 1972 bars discrimination in

A) employment.
B) college athletics.
C) voting rights.
D) pay for equal work.

Question 29

The last two presidents have appointed Secretaries of State who were

A) Democrats.
B) Republicans.
C) men.
D) women.

Question 30

The most support for policies regarding sexual harassment exist in American

A) businesses.
B) government agencies.
C) mass opinion.
D) academics.

Question 31

Feminist efforts of the 1800s centered on protecting women in families from male behavior such as

A) drinking.
B) gambling.
C) visiting prostitutes.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 32

Which type of feminism argues that women must free themselves from the oppression of the traditional patriarchal family structure?

A) Equity feminism
B) Gender feminism
C) Marxist feminism
D) Postmodern feminism

Question 33

The earnings gap between men and women is not considered to be direct discrimination because

A) women in the same job with similar skills and experience as men are generally paid the same.
B) it is a result of a division in the labor market.
C) historically, there has been lower pay for "women's" jobs.
D) All of the above are true.

Question 34

Traditionally female-dominated occupations, such as nursing and teaching, are known as

A) blue-collar jobs.
B) white-collar jobs.
C) pink-collar jobs.
D) lace-collar jobs.

Question 35

Women occupy how many seats in the House of Representatives?

A) 12
B) 72
C) 134
D) 201

Question 36

The leading feminist organization today is the

A) NOW (National Organization for Women).
B) Democratic Party.
C) SCUM (Society to Cut Up Men).
D) DAR (Daughters of the American Revolution).

Question 37

According to the authors of the text, nationally, same-sex marriage currently

A) has strong popular support.
B) has strong support against it.
C) shows most people favor opposition to same sex marriage.
D) has public opinion split by only a few percentage points between the two sides.

Question 38

Today, most boards of directors of Fortune 500 corporations consist of

A) no women or minorities.
B) women and minorities making up roughly half of their directors.
C) at least two or three women and minorities among their 14 to 16 directors.
D) a significant portion of their 14 to 16 directors.

Question 39

Whites are overrepresented and African-Americans are ________________________in Congress.

Question 40

Subtle barriers to women's advancement into elite positions are collectively known as

A) discrimination.
B) sexual harassment.
C) the glass ceiling.
D) the old-boy's-network.

Question 41

In the case of ____________________, the Supreme Court upheld state laws requiring segregation.

Question 42

The Montgomery bus boycott came as a result of a woman named ____________________, who refused to move to a seat at the back of a public bus.

Question 43

The right to vote was guaranteed former slaves with the ____________________ Amendment to the Constitution.

Question 44

Slavery was abolished by the ____________________ Amendment to the Constitution.

Question 45

The leading civil rights group that sought black equality through court action and other legal means was the _____________________.

Question 46

The largest ethnic minority in the United States today is___________________.

Question 47

Since 2009, the number of women and Hispanics in the House of Representatives since 2009 has ___________________.

Question 48

The search for equality of opportunity has been replaced, in many ways, with the search for equality of ____________________.

Question 49

A university's special admissions program was struck down in the key 1978 case of ____________________.

Question 50

The organization created by Martin Luther King to promote civil rights was the ____________________.

Question 51

The movement to guarantee women the right to vote was known as the ____________________ movement.

Question 52

Before ______, the U.S. Census Bureau did not allow respondents to choose more than one racial category.

Question 53

Prostitution is illegal in all states but ____________________.

Question 54

In 1964, King received the ____________________ in recognition of his unique contributions to peaceful political techniques.

Question 55

____________________ refers to the ability to make of oneself what one can.

Question 56

The Supreme Court case of ____________________ overturned the principle of "separate but equal".

Question 57

The title of King's speech at the 1963 march on Washington was ____________________.

Question 58

Feminist concerns about the violence associated with alcohol helped the passage of ____________________.

Question 59

The vast majority of women in America support the principles of ____________________ feminism.

Question 60

The idea of allowing for preferential or compensatory treatment to overcome the results of past discrimination is called ____________________.

Question 61

The leadership of the NAACP has traditionally been representative of the diversity of the black community in terms of class and social origins.

Question 62

In 2003, the Supreme Court decision in Lawrence v. Texas ____________________ all laws banning homosexual intercourse.

Question 63

____________________ feminism focuses on the socialization of children into differentiated sex roles.

Question 64

On his 2010 census form, President Obama marked "mixed raced" for his ethnicity.

Question 65

Civil rights in the South were surrendered after 1877 as a result of a deal to resolve a disputed election.

Question 66

When affirmative action includes preferences over better qualified non-minorities, pubic support falters.

Question 67

Nationally, most people _____________believe that homosexuality is a moral issue and is morally wrong.

Question 68

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 just barely passed in the House of Representatives.

Question 69

The largest ethnic minority in the U.S. today is Hispanics.

Question 70

When specifically designed as a remedy for past discrimination, the Supreme Court has approved affirmative action.

Question 71

The decision to end segregation in America was made by the elected representatives of the people.

Question 72

The struggle of African-Americans for full citizenship can be seen as a dialog between dominant white elites and black counterelites.

Question 73

When given a definition of feminism, 58 percent of ____________________ accept the term as describing their views.

Question 74

The Supreme Court has provided a clear rule of law, a legal test, and developed constitutional principles to determine what is permissible by way of racially conscious laws and practices.

Question 75

Since 1975 the median family income has risen and the poverty rate has declined.

Question 76

The Civil Rights Act of 1875 outlawed segregation by privately owned businesses offering to serve the public.

Question 77

The constitutional question posed by affirmative action programs is whether they discriminate against whites in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Question 78

Protest leaders come from the lower strata of society.

Question 79

Americans have commitment to abstract ideas but less commitment to their practice, such as racial equality.

Question 80

Protest movements either succeed or fail based on their ability to establish effective organizations.