Deck 3: Anatomy for Nutritions Sake

Question 1

Glycogen provides the body with glucose under which circumstance?

A) Eating excess calories
B) Eating too many carbohydrates
C) When glucose absorbed from ingested foods is used up
D) When a person has high blood pressure
E) When the fat content of a person's diet is elevated

Answer 1

C

Question 2

All of the following are examples of the smaller units that larger nutrients are broken down into except :

A) proteins.
B) glycerol.
C) fatty acids.
D) amino acids.
E) glucose.

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Joe is taking a nutrition course and is told that the galactose in his milk ends up as glucose. Where does this conversion take place?

A) Brain
B) Liver
C) Gallbladder
D) Appendix
E) Pancreas

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which of the following is an endocrine function of the pancreas?

A) To secrete enzymes that break down proteins
B) To secrete bicarbonate
C) To secrete amylase
D) To secrete insulin
E) All of the above are endocrine functions

Question 5

Which of the following controls the flow of chyme into the small intestine?

A) Lower esophageal sphincter
B) Pyloric sphincter
C) Ileocecal valve
D) Oral cavity
E) Cortex

Question 6

What may happen if the lower esophageal sphincter is not closed tight enough after eating?

A) Heartburn
B) High blood pressure
C) Burping
D) Hiccups
E) Diarrhea

Question 7

Which chemical stimulates the gallbladder to send bile into the small intestine?

A) Cholecystokinin
B) Bicarbonate
C) Lycopene
D) Linoleic acid
E) Hydrochloric acid

Question 8

Which food would most likely contain conjugated linoleic acid (CLA)?

A) Milk
B) Salmon
C) Carrots
D) Multi-grain bread
E) Orange

Question 9

Which nutrient stimulates peristalsis when present?

A) Protein
B) Fiber
C) Vitamins
D) Starch
E) Fat

Question 10

Joe finds himself troubled with gas after eating certain foods. Which is not true about intestinal gas?

A) It comes directly from the food.
B) Another name for it is "flatus."
C) It is produced from bacterial fermentation.
D) The quantity of the gas depends on the types of foods eaten.
E) The quality of the gas depends on the types of foods eaten.

Question 11

Which of the following is present in feces?

A) Water
B) Bile pigments
C) Bacteria
D) Fiber
E) All of the above

Question 12

All nutrients leaving the digestive system are taken to the _____.

A) pancreas
B) large intestine
C) liver
D) gallbladder
E) stomach

Question 13

What is left after the digested mixture reaches the end of the small intestine?

A) Dissolved minerals
B) Glucose
C) Amino acids
D) Vitamins
E) Fat

Question 14

Which substance neutralizes stomach acid as chyme enters the small intestine?

A) Amylase
B) Pepsin
C) Bile
D) Bicarbonate
E) Glycogen

Question 15

Which of the following is not a possible fate for amino acids in the liver?

A) They are converted to glucose.
B) They are converted to fat.
C) They are converted to vitamin D.
D) They are converted to another amino acid.
E) All of these are possible fates for amino acids.

Question 16

Another term for amylase is _____.

A) bile
B) ptyalin
C) chyme
D) bicarbonate
E) mucus

Question 17

Excess glucose in the body is converted to _____.

A) fat only
B) amino acids only
C) glycogen only
D) fat and glycogen
E) cholesterol and glucagons

Question 18

Which of the following reactions is classified as anabolic?

A) Glycogen to glucose
B) Protein to amino acids
C) Triglycerides to fatty acids and glycerol
D) Glucose to glycogen
E) All of these are anabolic reactions.

Question 19

Susan had her gallbladder removed. Which of the following substances will she no longer store there?

A) Amylase
B) Bile
C) Bicarbonate
D) Water
E) Glycogen

Question 20

The digestion of which nutrient occurs in the stomach?

A) Vitamin B₁₂
B) Lactose
C) Water
D) Protein
E) Fiber

Question 21

Which of the following are considered accessory organs of digestion?

A) Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
B) Liver, rectum, and appendix
C) Colon, appendix, and gallbladder
D) Pancreas, esophagus, and salivary glands

Question 22

How does the type of food eaten influence stomach emptying rate?

A) It doesn't, because emptying rate is closely controlled by the stomach
B) Solids pass through the stomach more quickly than liquids
C) Proteins pass through the stomach more slowly than fats
D) Carbohydrates pass through the stomach more quickly than proteins

Question 23

The _____ produces bile and the _____ stores it.

A) gallbladder; colon
B) stomach; liver
C) small intestine; large intestine
D) pancreas; gallbladder
E) liver; gallbladder

Question 24

Which of the following chemicals is an emulsifier?

A) Amino acids
B) Bile
C) Amylase
D) Conjugated linoleic acid
E) Hydrochloric acid

Question 25

The enzyme responsible for converting starch in the mouth into small polysaccharides is:

A) amylase.
B) maltase.
C) lactase.
D) polypeptidase.
E) lipase.

Question 26

What role does bicarbonate play in digestion?

A) Digests protein in the small intestine
B) Uncoils proteins in the stomach
C) Neutralizes acid from the stomach in the small intestine
D) Aids in the absorption of vitamin B₁₂
E) Emulsifies fat into small particles

Question 27

Which of the following would most accurately characterize our ancestors' diet and lifestyle?

A) They drank more milk than we do and were more active.
B) They ate less fiber than we do and were less active.
C) They ate less saturated fat and were more active.
D) They ate more fruits and vegetables and were less active.

Question 28

Approximately how long does it take for a meal to empty from the stomach?

A) ¹/₂ hour to one hour
B) 2 hours
C) 4 hours
D) 6 hours
E) 8 hours

Question 29

Which functional food is incorrectly matched with its proposed benefit?

A) Bananas - improved gastrointestinal health
B) Soy products - improved heart health
C) Blueberries - improves bone health
D) Citrus fruit - reduces cancer risk

Question 30

Which of the following is not a functional food?

A) White potatoes
B) Blueberries
C) Eggplant
D) Kale

Question 31

When the body does not require energy, end-products of digestion are converted to _____.

A) protein
B) fat
C) glycogen
D) a and b
E) b and c

Question 32

One reason the stomach's hydrochloric acid is important is that it:

A) digests proteins.
B) kills bacteria.
C) converts pepsin to pepsinogen.
D) facilitates the action of amylase.

Question 33

Which of these foods found in our modern diet was also found in our prehistoric ancestors' diets?

A) Butter
B) Low-fat milk
C) Whole-grain breads
D) Table sugar
E) Berries

Question 34

The main site of digestion and absorption of nutrients is the _____.

A) mouth
B) stomach
C) small intestine
D) large intestine
E) liver

Question 35

Joe is eating a peanut butter and jelly sandwich on whole-wheat bread. Which nutrient in his sandwich is chemically digested in his mouth?

A) The fat in the peanut butter
B) The fiber in the peanut butter
C) The vitamins in the bread
D) The starch in the bread
E) The protein in the bread and in the peanut butter

Question 36

Which of the following is not one of the stomach's three major tasks?

A) Moving chyme at a controlled rate
B) Dismantling carbohydrates
C) Storing food temporarily
D) Producing chyme

Question 37

Where in the body would a bolus be found just after a meal has been eaten?

A) In the esophagus
B) In the small intestine
C) In the colon
D) In the liver
E) In the rectum

Question 38

Which nutrient requires "intrinsic factor" in order to be absorbed?

A) Glucose
B) Fructose
C) Vitamin B₁₂
D) Vitamin C
E) Iron

Question 39

Which of the following nutrients is carried initially in the lymphatic system after absorption through the small intestine?

A) Glucose
B) Water-soluble vitamins
C) Fat-soluble vitamins
D) Fructose
E) Amino acids

Question 40

Which nutrients are first carried in the lymph after digestion?

A) Protein and products of fat digestion
B) Fat-soluble vitamins and minerals
C) Water-soluble vitamins and protein
D) Products of fat digestion and fat-soluble vitamins
E) Water and minerals

Question 41

Pamela would like to choose a functional beverage that provides phenolic compounds thought to protect against some cancers and heart disease. Which would you recommend?

A) Green tea
B) A yogurt-based drink
C) Orange juice
D) Carrot juice

Question 42

Vignette #2 Maggie is a 34-year-old mom of two children. She was told by her physician that she needs her gallbladder removed. Maggie panics and calls her mother saying, "Mom, I can't believe I have to have my liver removed!!! How am I going to live without my liver?? You have to have a liver to survive and the doctor wants to remove it!" Her mother tells her to calm down and discuss what is going on. She soon realizes that Maggie's liver is fine, but her gallbladder needs to be removed. During digestion, where is bile actually useful?

A) In the mouth
B) In the stomach
C) In the small intestine
D) In the rectum

Question 43

Vignette #2 Maggie is a 34-year-old mom of two children. She was told by her physician that she needs her gallbladder removed. Maggie panics and calls her mother saying, "Mom, I can't believe I have to have my liver removed!!! How am I going to live without my liver?? You have to have a liver to survive and the doctor wants to remove it!" Her mother tells her to calm down and discuss what is going on. She soon realizes that Maggie's liver is fine, but her gallbladder needs to be removed. After Maggie's gallbladder has been removed, which nutrient might she have difficulty digesting?

A) Carbohydrates
B) Fat
C) Protein
D) Vitamins
E) Minerals

Question 44

The chemical digestion of protein and carbohydrates begins in the mouth.

Question 45

Hemorrhoids are:

A) a life-threatening complication of constipation.
B) relatively rare in the U.S. adult population.
C) patches of itchy, irritated skin around the anus.
D) swollen and inflamed veins around the anus or lower rectum.

Question 46

How can you prevent hemorrhoids from developing or recurring?

A) Eating more fiber and drinking more water
B) Taking 10-minute baths in warm water several times a day
C) Avoiding gas-producing foods (as determined by trial and error)
D) Applying over-the-counter hemorrhoid cream to the affected area

Question 47

The innermost layer of the GI tract wall is called the mucosa.

Question 48

Our appetite is controlled by involuntary mechanisms.

Question 49

Vignette #1 Sue and Juan are newlyweds and are trying to eat healthy. Sue is taking a nutrition course at the local college and wants to impress Juan with what she has learned. Juan is a bit overweight and rarely eats a balanced diet. Sue also notices that he usually has gas after meals, especially when dairy is present. Lately, he has also been complaining about constipation. Sue is determined to help alleviate his digestive problems and improve his eating habits. Let's see what you can do to help her. To help Juan with his constipation, which of the following is only advised after the other ideas do not work?

A) Take a laxative daily.
B) Eat a bran cereal for breakfast and more vegetables throughout the day.
C) Drink more fluids.
D) Take a walk at lunchtime and after work every day.
E) Pay attention to the urge to have a bowel movement.

Question 50

The lower esophageal sphincter protects the esophagus from stomach acid splashing back into the esophagus.

Question 51

Once food is mixed into a semi-liquid blend, it is called a bolus.

Question 52

Vignette #1 Sue and Juan are newlyweds and are trying to eat healthy. Sue is taking a nutrition course at the local college and wants to impress Juan with what she has learned. Juan is a bit overweight and rarely eats a balanced diet. Sue also notices that he usually has gas after meals, especially when dairy is present. Lately, he has also been complaining about constipation. Sue is determined to help alleviate his digestive problems and improve his eating habits. Let's see what you can do to help her. If Sue wants to feed Juan a healthier diet, which of the following should she base his diet on?

A) Vitamin and mineral supplements
B) Drinking only bottled water enhanced with vitamins
C) Eating more functional foods
D) Eating more processed foods

Question 53

Vignette #1 Sue and Juan are newlyweds and are trying to eat healthy. Sue is taking a nutrition course at the local college and wants to impress Juan with what she has learned. Juan is a bit overweight and rarely eats a balanced diet. Sue also notices that he usually has gas after meals, especially when dairy is present. Lately, he has also been complaining about constipation. Sue is determined to help alleviate his digestive problems and improve his eating habits. Let's see what you can do to help her. All of the following are recommended to help Juan stop burping except :

A) Chew gum more frequently.
B) Stop smoking.
C) Don't wear tight-fitting clothes.
D) Eat and drink slowly.

Question 54

Vignette #1 Sue and Juan are newlyweds and are trying to eat healthy. Sue is taking a nutrition course at the local college and wants to impress Juan with what she has learned. Juan is a bit overweight and rarely eats a balanced diet. Sue also notices that he usually has gas after meals, especially when dairy is present. Lately, he has also been complaining about constipation. Sue is determined to help alleviate his digestive problems and improve his eating habits. Let's see what you can do to help her. Why might Juan have gas after eating dairy products?

A) He eats dairy products with vegetables at the same meal.
B) His intestinal bacteria digest the lactose, producing gas.
C) The lactose from the milk remains in his stomach and causes cramps.
D) His body does not make enough sucrase to digest the dairy sugar.

Question 55

As a fermented milk product, yogurt contains _____ that promote(s) GI health.

A) CLA
B) prebiotics
C) probiotics
D) beta-glucan

Question 56

Vignette #2 Maggie is a 34-year-old mom of two children. She was told by her physician that she needs her gallbladder removed. Maggie panics and calls her mother saying, "Mom, I can't believe I have to have my liver removed!!! How am I going to live without my liver?? You have to have a liver to survive and the doctor wants to remove it!" Her mother tells her to calm down and discuss what is going on. She soon realizes that Maggie's liver is fine, but her gallbladder needs to be removed. All of the following are functions of the liver except :

A) converting excess glucose to glycogen.
B) converting excess carbohydrates into fat.
C) detoxifying drugs and alcohol.
D) secreting the majority of digestive enzymes.

Question 57

Vignette #1 Sue and Juan are newlyweds and are trying to eat healthy. Sue is taking a nutrition course at the local college and wants to impress Juan with what she has learned. Juan is a bit overweight and rarely eats a balanced diet. Sue also notices that he usually has gas after meals, especially when dairy is present. Lately, he has also been complaining about constipation. Sue is determined to help alleviate his digestive problems and improve his eating habits. Let's see what you can do to help her. Which of the following is correct about gas?

A) Gas from swallowed air has a bad odor.
B) Belched gas leaves through the rectum.
C) The average adult passes gas twice a day.
D) Some gas is produced by the bacteria that live in our colon.

Question 58

Vignette #2 Maggie is a 34-year-old mom of two children. She was told by her physician that she needs her gallbladder removed. Maggie panics and calls her mother saying, "Mom, I can't believe I have to have my liver removed!!! How am I going to live without my liver?? You have to have a liver to survive and the doctor wants to remove it!" Her mother tells her to calm down and discuss what is going on. She soon realizes that Maggie's liver is fine, but her gallbladder needs to be removed. You _____ live without your liver and you _____ live without your gallbladder.

A) can; can
B) cannot; cannot
C) cannot; can
D) can; cannot

Question 59

Vignette #2 Maggie is a 34-year-old mom of two children. She was told by her physician that she needs her gallbladder removed. Maggie panics and calls her mother saying, "Mom, I can't believe I have to have my liver removed!!! How am I going to live without my liver?? You have to have a liver to survive and the doctor wants to remove it!" Her mother tells her to calm down and discuss what is going on. She soon realizes that Maggie's liver is fine, but her gallbladder needs to be removed. What is the main role of the gallbladder?

A) To digest starch
B) To store bile until needed
C) To control the emptying of the stomach
D) To send digestive enzymes to the small intestine

Question 60

Sucrose is digested to glucose and fructose in the stomach.

Question 62

All the food from the stomach is pushed into the small intestine at one time.

Question 63

Nearly all of our metabolism and physiology are the same as that of our ancestors earlier than 10,000 years ago.

Question 64

Describe the lining of the small intestine and how its structure is related to its function.

Question 65

Describe a few of the body's storage systems.

Question 66

Nutrients are not useful to the body unless they are absorbed across the small intestine into the bloodstream or lymph.

Question 67

Describe how our diet has changed since our ancestors were hunter-gatherers about 10,000 years ago.

Question 68

Plan a day's meals that include at least 10 different functional foods.

Question 69

What is the difference between an exocrine and an endocrine function? Give an example of each.

Question 70

Where does bile come from, what is it made of, and what is its role in digestion?

Question 71

Hiccups are due to stomach spasms.

Question 72

Intrinsic factor in the stomach aids in the absorption of vitamin B₁₂.

Question 73

Chyme must touch the walls of the small intestine to be absorbed at the proper places.

Question 74

Lactose intolerance is not very common in the world and exists among a few populations.

Question 75

How is it possible for a person to function normally after having his or her gallbladder removed?

Question 76

Describe the pathway that food takes from mouth to anus. Discuss the main events that happen at each location.

Question 77

To maintain a healthy digestive system, it is important to have a bowel movement daily.

Question 78

List and discuss ideas for alleviating both constipation and hemorrhoids.

Question 79

Humans are the only free-living primates that consume cereal grains.

Question 80

Discuss the three jobs the stomach carries out during digestion.