Deck 28: Cold War and a New Western World, 1945-1965

Question 1

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Truman Doctrine

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

Discuss the major social changes affecting the status, expectations, and ambitions of women that occurred in Western society from 1945 to 1970.

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

What did Mao hope to achieve with the Great Leap Forward? Why was it such a disaster?

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

Discuss the events that divided the world into two heavily armed camps capable of obliterating one another with nuclear weapons carried by intercontinental missile systems.

Question 5

Why did American policy makers feel it necessary to intervene militarily in Korea?

Question 6

Compare and contrast the struggle for independence in Algeria and Ghana. How would you explain the differences you note?

Question 7

What attitudes and actions sparked the Cold War? Was one of the superpowers more responsible for its start than the other? Why or why not?

Question 8

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Berlin blockade

Question 9

How did the policies of the United States affect Western Europe in the period from 1945 to 1965?

Question 10

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
containment

Question 11

How and why did the Cold War in Europe differ from the Cold War in Asia?

Question 12

On balance, did the decade of the 1960s constitute a constructive challenge to the institutions of European society, a destructive one, or both? Provide specific examples to defend your position.

Question 13

What was life like in the Soviet Union under Stalin in the years immediately following World War II?

Question 14

Describe the course of the Arab-Israeli conflict in the first three decades following World War II.

Question 15

In what ways were Khrushchev's policies a departure from those of Stalin?

Question 16

What was the Truman Doctrine? How did it shape U.S. foreign policy?

Question 17

Compare and contrast the political, social, and economic histories of Eastern Europe and Western Europe in the postwar decades. What factors account for the differences?

Question 18

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
NATO

Question 19

How was the Cuban missile crisis resolved? What changes were made in its aftermath?

Question 20

What was De Gaul's vision for France? What steps did he take to try to make that vision a reality?

Question 21

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
welfare state

Question 22

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Six-Day War

Question 23

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Palestine Liberation Organization

Question 24

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Vietnam War

Question 25

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
consumer society

Question 26

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Mahatma Gandhi

Question 27

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Marshall Plan

Question 28

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Berlin Wall

Question 29

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
EEC/Common Market

Question 30

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
West Germany's "economic miracle"

Question 31

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Mao Zedong

Question 32

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Abstract Expressionism

Question 33

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Nikita Khrushchev

Question 34

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Cuban Missile Crisis

Question 35

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
decolonization

Question 36

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Sputnik I

Question 37

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Fidel Castro

Question 38

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
apartheid

Question 39

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Hungarian uprising

Question 40

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
women's liberation movement

Question 41

Which area witnessed the first conflict in the unfolding of the Cold War?

A)Scandinavia
B)Western Europe
C)North Africa
D)Eastern Europe
E)East Asia

Question 42

The Truman Doctrine pledged U.S. intervention to prevent

A)a second Great Depression
B)communist expansion.
C)decolonization.
D)military coups.
E)global epidemics.

Question 43

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Korean War

Question 44

What was the Communist military response to the formation of NATO?

A)The Moscow Alliance
B)The Warsaw Pact
C)The Eastern European Community
D)The Stalin Plan
E)The European Economic Community

Question 45

The Marshall Plan provided $13 billion for ____ in Europe.

A)economic recovery
B)medical aid
C)military hardware
D)the construction of U.S. military bases
E)espionage and information gathering

Question 46

In 1959, ____ dictator Fulgencio Batista was overthrown by left-wing revolutionaries.

A)Spanish
B)Mexican
C)Portuguese
D)Cuban
E)Columbian

Question 47

The Truman Doctrine did all of the following EXCEPT

A)condemn the victory of the Communists in the Chinese civil war.
B)call for $400 million in aid for nations threatened by aggression.
C)assist in the defense of Greece and Turkey.
D)express America's fear of Communist expansion in Europe.
E)announce the United States' intention to support "free peoples" throughout the world.

Question 48

What policy did George Kennan propose the U.S. adopt towards communism?

A)Massive retaliation
B)Containment
C)Appeasement
D)Curtailment
E)Mutually assured destruction (MAD)

Question 49

What was a key factor contributing to the development of the Cold War in Eastern Europe?

A)The withdrawal of victorious Russian armies from lands conquered during the campaign against Nazism
B)Raids by American troops pursuing German Nazi war criminals into areas of the former Third Reich under Russian control
C)Stalin's desire to establish pro-Soviet governments in the countries of Eastern Europe to serve as a buffer zone against possible western attacks on the Soviet Union
D)The domination of Austrian and Italian politics by popular pro-Communist parties
E)The threat to continued instability by the rise of neo-fascist parties

Question 50

Which country's civil war led to the establishment of the Truman Doctrine?

A)Yugoslavia
B)Greece
C)Italy
D)Czechoslovakia
E)Poland

Question 51

The Warsaw Pact included all of the following nations EXCEPT

A)Poland.
B)Bulgaria.
C)Yugoslavia.
D)Hungary.
E)Czechoslovakia.

Question 52

At the close of World War II, the European tradition of power politics was inherited by

A)China and the Soviet Union.
B)independent peoples everywhere.
C)the Soviet Union and the United States.
D)the United States alone.
E)the Soviet Union alone.

Question 53

In addition to the devastation of the countries, cities, peoples, and cultures of Europe, what did World War II destroy?

A)American commitment to globalism in foreign policy
B)European supremacy in world affairs
C)Any commitment of old and new nations around the globe to supranational bodies of diplomacy and conflict resolution
D)The capacity of western European nations to forge lasting economic and cultural ties in the post-war world
E)The trans-Atlantic partnership

Question 54

Which country was a member of the Central Treaty Organization (CENTO)?

A)Poland
B)West Germany
C)Turkey
D)Hungary
E)France

Question 55

The Cold War policy adopted in the mid-1950s by the Eisenhower administration was

A)containment.
B)détente.
C)MAD (mutually assured destruction).
D)massive retaliation.
E)All of these are correct.

Question 56

An overall effect of the Korean War on the Cold War was

A)the Soviet Union's domination over all of Southeast Asia.
B)the end of American and Soviet involvement in Asian political affairs.
C)the reinforcement of the American determination to "contain" Soviet power.
D)a decrease in American defense spending since the capacity of the West to win the conflict outright on the battlefield demonstrated the superiority of modern weapons systems and no need to develop new war machines.
E)the continued willingness to use limited nuclear weapons in local wars.

Question 57

An American-supported invasion of the Bay of Pigs in 1961 had as its mission

A)the assassination of Fulgencio Batista in Cuba.
B)the return of Chiang Kai-shek to mainland China.
C)a military coup in support of King Farouk of Egypt.
D)the overthrow of Fidel Castro in Cuba.
E)the assassination of Mao Zedong.

Question 58

How did Truman and his Western European allies respond to Stalin's blockade of Berlin in 1948?

A)Building the Berlin Wall
B)Airlifting supplies into Berlin
C)Bombing Moscow
D)Sending a UN force to reopen the access routes
E)Threatening nuclear war

Question 59

What is NATO?

A)A trade agreement
B)A fabrication designed by the Central Intelligence Agency to mislead the Soviets
C)An emergency relief agency
D)A military alliance
E)An international banking system

Question 60

Where did the Soviet Union install a pro-Soviet regime in the immediate aftermath of World War II?

A)Finland
B)Iraq
C)Poland
D)Yugoslavia
E)Turkey

Question 61

Following World War II, India

A)remained firmly under British control.
B)gained its independence in a peaceful transition from British to native rule.
C)was divided into six new states on the basis of divisions within the caste system.
D)developed an empire of its own through the acquisition of Ceylon (modern Sri Lanka).
E)became two new countries, one Hindu and one Muslim.

Question 62

What was the Great Leap Forward?

A)Stalin's stated philosophy for his last five-year plan
B)The radicalization of the feminist movement
C)Mao Zedong's effort to achieve a classless society and the final stage of communism
D)The missile race between the United States and the Soviet Union
E)Mao Zedong's New Economic Policy, modeled on Lenin's early 1920s economic reforms

Question 63

Ho Chi Minh was a(n)____ nationalist and communist.

A)Korean
B)Vietnamese
C)Cambodian
D)Indonesian
E)Burmese

Question 64

The British partition of India was a response to conflict between

A)Hindus and Muslims.
B)southern and northern Indians.
C)Bengal and Uttar Pradesh.
D)secularists and religious fundamentalists.
E)India's largest ethnic communities.

Question 65

Josip Broz (Tito)led the effort to create an independent communist state in

A)Romania.
B)Albania.
C)Yugoslavia.
D)Hungary.
E)Bulgaria.

Question 66

What was the result of the Cuban Missile Crisis of 1962?

A)The improvement of communications between the U.S. and Soviet Union to prevent nuclear war
B)The installation of Soviet missiles in Cuba
C)The overthrow of Cuba's Soviet-supported government by the U.S.
D)John Kennedy backing down to the threats of Nikita Khrushchev
E)Fidel Castro giving up his military authority, but not his political control, in the Cuban government

Question 67

Although France granted full independence to Morocco and Tunisia in 1956, it attempted to retain its dominion in

A)Algeria.
B)Botswana.
C)Egypt.
D)Niger.
E)Chad.

Question 68

Yugoslavia from World War II through 1960 was characterized by

A)its close alliance with the West in the Cold War.
B)a strict adherence to Stalinist-style Communism.
C)the leadership of Tito, who asserted Yugoslavia's independence from the Soviet Union.
D)its adoption of a Maoist rather than the Stalinist model of communism.
E)its complete rejection of Marxian economics.

Question 69

What did Khrushchev do at the Twentieth Congress of the Communist Party in 1956?

A)He pardoned Stalin for his crimes.
B)He insisted that the forced labor camps must stay open indefinitely.
C)He urged the Party to adopt a limited form of capitalism in order to stay in power.
D)He called for a cessation of the Cold War.
E)He condemned Stalin.

Question 70

What was the purpose of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)?

A)To represent the interests of the Palestinians and the rights to a state
B)To create economic ties with western countries
C)To be the Soviet Union's representative in the Middle East
D)To create diplomatic ties with Western countries
E)To stem communist incursions in Palestine

Question 71

What is an example of the relaxation of repressive Stalinism during Khrushchev's regime?

A)The publication of his own autobiography
B)The publication of Stalin's Last Will and Testament
C)The publication of Trotsky's Dr. Zhivago
D)The publication of Solzhenitsyn's A Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich
E)The publication of the Bible and the Koran for the first times since the Revolution of 1917

Question 72

What statement best describes the impact of Stalin's economic policies?

A)They completely overtaxed a war-damaged industrial plant.
B)They were unrealistic since Russia lacked accessible natural resources and fossil fuels.
C)They managed to produce both "guns and butter," that is rearmed the Soviet military while providing cheap and plentiful consumer goods.
D)They instituted modified free-market capitalism in all economic areas but heavy industry.
E)They emphasized the development of heavy industry and the production of modern weapons and space vehicles.

Question 73

What did Wladyslaw Gomulka do in Poland in 1956?

A)He worked with the Soviets to crush a nascent independence movement.
B)He declared his nation's right to follow its own socialist path.
C)He tried to assassinate Nikita Khrushchev.
D)He started an underground newspaper dedicated to fascism.
E)He ordered the construction of a wall separating Poland from the Soviet Union.

Question 74

What event led Charles de Gaulle to withdraw from politics?

A)He was discredited by his links with the Communists.
B)The United States wanted France out of Indochina.
C)Radical union leaders constantly harassed him.
D)He believed the Fourth Republic had become weak.
E)He wanted to become king.

Question 75

What was the last Eastern European country to fall under one-party Soviet domination after World War II due to its strong democratic traditions?

A)Bulgaria
B)Poland
C)Hungary
D)Czechoslovakia
E)Romania

Question 76

What was the one issue that united Arab states?

A)The Suez Canal
B)Equal sharing in oil revenues
C)Palestine
D)A sympathy for Communism
E)Anti-Americanism

Question 77

The Middle Eastern political leader who promoted Pan-Arabism and who advocated a sharing of Middle Eastern oil wealth equally among the Arab states was

A)Yasir Arafat.
B)King Farouk.
C)Anwar al-Sadat.
D)the Shah of Iran.
E)Gamal Abdul Nasser.

Question 78

The origins of the Vietnam War, in part, lie in the process of decolonization because

A)the division of Vietnam into antagonistic northern and southern states occurred after Vietnamese military forces had defeated the French, former governors of the region.
B)the North Vietnamese employed mercenary soldiers from various new post-colonial African states in a local war of liberation.
C)the United Nations, seeking to establish the post-colonial principle of national self-determination, encouraged North Vietnamese radicals to break with the West.
D)the Japanese, having lost their former empire in the Pacific, now provoked unrest in continental Asia by attempting to achieve hegemony in the region.
E)the Soviets supported South Vietnam against North Vietnam, because the latter was a threat to Soviet hegemony in Asia.

Question 79

What was the name of the system of racial segregation in South Africa?

A)Jim Crow
B)Apartheid
C)Rapprochement
D)Final Solution
E)Aryan supremacy

Question 80

In 1949, Chiang Kai-shek and the Chinese Nationalist government fled to

A)Shanghai.
B)Hong Kong.
C)Kuala Lumpur.
D)Taiwan.
E)Japan.