Deck 8: European Civilization in the Early Middle Ages, 750-1000

Question 1

Describe the conversion to Christianity of the various peoples of Eastern Europe. Include a discussion about the role of both the Roman and Eastern Churches in that process.

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

How were women seen in the Byzantine Empire? What was expected of them? How did the reality of women's lives differ from those expectations?

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

What problems and tensions plagued the Byzantine Empire in the ninth and tenth centuries?

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

How should the Vikings be remembered, and why?

Question 5

Compare Islamic civilization to the civilization of Western Europe in the ninth and tenth centuries. How would you explain the differences you note?

Question 6

What conditions gave rise to manorialism? Why did European peasants agree to give up much of their individual freedom?

Question 7

How did Viking raids and settlements impact the development of medieval Europe?

Question 8

In what ways is Byzantine civilization during the ninth and tenth centuries worthy of the title "zenith of Byzantine civilization"?

Question 9

Of what significance was the Carolingian intellectual renaissance to western European civilization?

Question 10

What conditions led to the development of feudalism in the Middle Ages, and in what ways did feudalism give stability and order to the medieval West?

Question 11

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Pepin

Question 12

How did the Catholic Church view marriage, sexuality, and family? How did it seek to impose its views on these matters on Frankish society?

Question 13

In what ways was the Carolingian Empire similar to the Roman Empire? In what ways was it different?

Question 14

Describe the relationship between lord and vassal. How did it differ from the relationship between lord and serf?

Question 15

What role did the Christian church play in the revival of learning during the Carolingian period? What role did Charlemagne play?

Question 16

Was European civilization from 750 to 1000 characterized more by continuity or change?

Question 17

Discuss the changing relations between Islam and the Byzantine Empire between 750 and 1000.

Question 18

What changes did the Abbasids bring to the Islamic world?

Question 19

Does the phrase "Middle Ages" overlook that which was unique about this phase of Western Civilization, treating these centuries only as an interlude between other times of greater significance and originality?

Question 20

To what extent was the Carolingian world a continuation of the past, and to what extent did it represent change and innovation?

Question 21

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
the Rus

Question 22

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Treaty of Verdun

Question 23

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
knights

Question 24

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
feudalism

Question 25

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
clerical celibacy

Question 26

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Slavs

Question 27

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Umayyad

Question 28

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Carolingian Renaissance

Question 29

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Abbasids

Question 30

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Slavonic/Cyrillic alphabet

Question 31

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Louis the Pious

Question 32

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
manor

Question 33

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Magyars

Question 34

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Charlemagne

Question 35

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Harun al-Rashid

Question 36

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Danelaw and Normandy

Question 37

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Vikings

Question 38

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Cassiodorus

Question 39

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Kiev

Question 40

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Greenland

Question 41

What did the officials known as missi dominici do for Charlemagne?

A)Administered the palace school at Aachen
B)Reviewed the liturgy for errors
C)Checked up on his counts
D)Killed prisoners of war not deemed fit for redemption
E)Served him wine

Question 42

Who became the ruler of the west Frankish lands under the terms of the Treaty of Verdun?

A)Pepin
B)Vladimar
C)Louis the German
D)Charles the Bald
E)Lothair

Question 43

What did Charlemagne depend on for the resources he needed to govern his empire?

A)Trade tariffs
B)Tribute
C)Sales taxes
D)Royal estates
E)Income taxes

Question 44

The expansion of the Carolingian Empire under Charlemagne

A)was carried out with the largest army in history up to its time.
B)was most successful against the German tribes to the east.
C)resulted in the quick destruction of the Saxons.
D)resulted in the conquest of all of Europe except for Italy.
E)succeeded in capturing most of Spain from the Moors.

Question 45

Regarding sexuality, the Catholic Church in the Early Middle Ages

A)was unable to enforce clerical celibacy.
B)accepted the practice of homosexuality, but only between adults.
C)accepted sex for the purpose of pleasure within marriage only.
D)endorsed the practice of abortion to limit the number of children.
E)discouraged marriage because it weakened the spiritual practices of Christians.

Question 46

What was the relationship between Charlemagne and the counts?

A)The counts exercised control of their local districts independent of Charlemagne.
B)While the counts administered his kingdom at a local level, Charlemagne sought to limit their power.
C)The counts despised Charlemagne and sought to depose him.
D)Charlemagne and his counts administered the local areas with equal amounts of power.
E)Charlemagne sought to eliminate the administrative position of the count.

Question 47

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
Cordoba

Question 48

Which statement best describes the expansion of the Carolingian Empire under Charlemagne?

A)It was carried out with the largest army in history up to its time.
B)It was most successful against the German tribes to the east.
C)It resulted in the quick destruction of the Saxons.
D)It resulted in the capture of all of Europe except for Italy.
E)It succeeded in capturing most of Spain from the Moors.

Question 49

For the most part, the revival of classical studies during the Carolingian period took place in

A)palaces.
B)monasteries.
C)private homes.
D)port cities.
E)ducal estates.

Question 50

Who wrote Charlemagne's biography?

A)Notker the Stammerer
B)Charles Martel
C)Einhard
D)Charlemagne
E)Seutonius the Pius

Question 51

What element of classical education did Alcuin adopt?

A)The liberal arts
B)The absolute separation of reason and religion
C)The idea of the lecture
D)The education of both boys and girls
E)The emphasis on secular matters

Question 52

What was a social and cultural outcome of the church's advocacy of indissoluble marriage?

A)More bachelors never married.
B)The nuclear family developed at the expense of the extended family.
C)A greater proportion of widows emerged in communities.
D)Fewer children were born in medieval times.
E)There was a rapid increase in Europe's population.

Question 53

The first Frankish king to be anointed in holy ceremony by an agent of the pope was

A)Zacharias.
B)Charlemagne.
C)Charles Martel.
D)Pepin.
E)Louis the Pious.

Question 54

For each historical identification question, define the term and briefly describe its historical significance.
algebra and the astrolabe

Question 55

Who was Alcuin?

A)Charlemagne's favorite wife
B)The leader of the Saxon opposition to Charlemagne
C)A renegade monk
D)A German poet and musician
E)Charlemagne's adviser on ecclesiastical affairs

Question 56

During the reign of Louis the Pious, the Catholic Church formally

A)prohibited divorce.
B)accepted its dependence on the state.
C)banned women from all religious orders.
D)broke with the Orthodox Church.
E)declared war on Islam.

Question 57

How did Charlemagne try to limit the power of counts?

A)He required them to serve outside of their own family lands.
B)He required them to give him twenty years of military service.
C)He took half their income in taxes.
D)He required them to become priests.
E)He banished them from the central regions of his realm.

Question 58

What best describes the coronation of Charlemagne as emperor of the Romans in 800?

A)It was performed by Pope Zacharias I.
B)It was defended by the Donation of Constantine.
C)It symbolized the fusion of Roman, Germanic, and Christian cultures.
D)It greatly pleased the new emperor who had long coveted this office.
E)It was approved beforehand by the Byzantine Emperor.

Question 59

What best describes Charlemagne?

A)He was a patron of learning and scholarship.
B)He did not consider himself a Christian.
C)He was more interested in treasure than territory.
D)He conquered all of Spain.
E)He was born in the British Isles.

Question 60

Roman law and religion acted together to

A)make homosexuality a capital crime.
B)deny that there was any distinction between homosexual and heterosexual eroticism.
C)discourage homosexual relations between married men.
D)convey homosexuality as superior to heterosexuality.
E)define the circumstances in which homosexuality was allowed.

Question 61

Where did Alcuin establish his school for the revival of learning during Charlemagne?

A)Lechfield
B)Bordeaux
C)Barcelona
D)Lisbon
E)York

Question 62

Which statement best describes serfs?

A)They farmed their own land and struggled to get by.
B)They were nomadic, wandering the roads and begging for bread.
C)They comprise less than half of the population by the ninth century.
D)They could be called to serve as knights.
E)They were bound to the land and required to provide labor and pay rent to a lord.

Question 63

What was the lord-vassal relationship in the Germanic practice of medieval Europe?

A)It moved away from the German traditions of lordship and loyalty.
B)It prevented fiefdom from being a function of hereditary.
C)It was a direct form of servitude.
D)It was an honorable relationship between free men.
E)It was a relationship between warriors and peasants.

Question 64

In the Middle Ages, monastic hospitality to travelers was

A)forbidden because monks were to be secluded from any contact with the outside world.
B)offered occasionally, but only with royal permission.
C)offered occasionally, but only with the permission of the abbot.
D)offered to men but not to women, as the latter were potentially too sexually threatening to the celibate monks.
E)a sacred duty.

Question 65

What was the main political repercussion of frequent Viking raids in Western Europe?

A)The strengthening of centralized royal authority
B)An increase in the power of the church
C)An increase in the power of local aristocrats to whom threatened populations turned for effective protection
D)A decline in the power of local aristocrats whose inability to stop the raids drove ordinary people into royal cities
E)An increase in the power of ordinary people

Question 66

In feudal Europe, a vassal was a man who

A)was in the Church as a monk, priest, or bishop.
B)farmed his own land and lived his own life.
C)served another as a warrior.
D)wandered the roads begging for his bread.
E)had been banned from a territory for life.

Question 67

What was accomplished at the signing of the Treaty of Verdun in 843?

A)Peace with the Spanish caliphate
B)Division of the Carolingian empire
C)Reunification of the Catholic and Orthodox churches
D)Creation of the Papal States
E)Ceding of land to a party of Vikings

Question 68

Where did the most successful Muslim raids in the ninth century occur?

A)Northern Italy
B)The western Frankish territories
C)Sicily
D)Central Europe
E)The Isle de France

Question 69

Viking "dragon ships" carried how many men?

A)100
B)50
C)200
D)10
E)350

Question 70

The Swedish Vikings tended to concentrate on conquests and trade in

A)Spain.
B)Russia.
C)Scotland.
D)France.
E)Ireland.

Question 71

In 987, the Western Frankish nobility met and elected whom of the following as their king, contributing to the formation of a new dynasty to rule France for centuries?

A)Louis the Pious
B)Conrad of Franconia
C)Hugh Capet
D)Charles of Navarre
E)Philip of Valois

Question 72

What resulted from the division of Europe into three kingdoms after the death of Louis the Pious?

A)The capture of the eastern German lands by Muslim forces
B)An incessant struggle between Louis the German, Charles the Bald, and their heirs over disputed territories
C)Two centuries of relative calm
D)The eventual emergence of Lothair as the ruler of a united Europe
E)Political control by the papacy

Question 73

Medical practice in Carolingian times stressed the use of

A)crude surgery.
B)medicinal herbs and bleeding.
C)diet and exercise.
D)synthetic compounds and rare substances.
E)homeopathic techniques.

Question 74

What was the manor in feudal Europe?

A)A wheeled plow used to turn heavy clay soils
B)A light chain mail vest, worn over a hauberk
C)A traditional way of cultivating relationships between ruler and ruled
D)An agricultural estate owned by a lord and worked by peasants
E)A polite way of treating a man of low birth

Question 75

What best describes the Carolingian diet?

A)Most people ate fish at least three times per week.
B)Aristocrats rarely ate food made from grain.
C)Peasants had a more varied diet than the upper classes.
D)The primary meat of the upper classes was beef.
E)People of all classes consumed large quantities of bread.

Question 76

Which famous Viking discovered Greenland?

A)Leif Erikson
B)Erik the Red
C)Olaf the Bald
D)Wilbur the Swede
E)Ivar the Boneless

Question 77

Who were the Magyars?

A)People who helped end Muslim expansion in northern Spain
B)People originally from western Asia who migrated into eastern and central Europe
C)People who won their most successful victory at the battle of Lechfeld against German troops
D)People who were wiped out as a people in the tenth century for their rejection of Christianity
E)People who converted to Islam

Question 78

Vassalage was derived from

A)Christian practices.
B)Roman practices.
C)Germanic practices.
D)Byzantine practices.
E)Greek practices.

Question 79

What most closely describes the practice of feudalism in the Early Middle Ages?

A)The major obligation of a vassal to his lord was to provide military service.
B)A vassal was not required to provide legal assistance at his lord's court.
C)A lord has no formal responsibilities toward his vassals.
D)There was no outlet for the breaking of the bond between lord and vassal.
E)Serfdom came to an end.

Question 80

When it came to consuming alcoholic beverages, what was true of Carolingians?

A)Most Carolingians never drank alcohol.
B)Everyone drank heavily and often to excess.
C)Alcoholic beverages were reserved for elites.
D)Carolingian monks discouraged the consumption of alcohol.
E)The consumption of alcohol was considered vulgar by aristocrats.