Deck 9: Reaction, Revolution, and Romanticism, 1815-1850

Question 1

How did economic factors shape the development of Latin America after the revolutions of the early nineteenth century?

Answer 1

Answers will vary.

Question 2

What were the chief ideas associated with the ideology of conservatism and liberalism in the first half of the nineteenth century? How were these ideas put into practice between 1815 and 1830?

Answer 2

Answers will vary.

Question 3

define the following term:
principle of intervention

Answer 3

Answers will vary.

Question 4

define the following term:
Klemens von Metternich

Question 5

define the following term:
John Stuart Mill's On Liberty

Question 6

What were the causes and consequences of the revolutions of 1830?

Question 7

How did Romanticism shape European art, music, and literature in the first half of the nineteenth century?

Question 8

What were the chief ideas of nationalism and utopian socialism? How did they seek to change society?

Question 9

define the following term:
balance of power

Question 10

How did Britain avoid the political turmoil that rocked the Continent in the 1830s and 1840s?

Question 11

define the following term:
Concert of Europe

Question 12

Compare and contrast the core of ideas of the Enlightenment and the Romantic movement.

Question 13

Discuss the revolutions of 1848 in France, central Europe, and Italy. What caused them? What did they achieve initially? Why did the revolutionary forces fail? What were the long-term achievements of the revolutions?

Question 14

define the following term:
principle of legitimacy

Question 15

What ideas and beliefs united the early socialists?

Question 16

What vision of postwar Europe informed the proceedings of the Congress of Vienna? How did the Concert of Europe attempt to secure those goals? Were these two efforts successful?

Question 17

define the following term:
conservatism

Question 18

What made nationalism a radical political ideology in the first half of the nineteenth century?

Question 19

define the following term:
Congress of Vienna

Question 20

define the following term:
ideology

Question 21

define the following term:
Greek Revolt

Question 22

define the following term:
Tsar Nicholas I

Question 23

define the following term:
Simón Bolívar

Question 24

define the following term:
Britain's Tories and Whigs

Question 25

define the following term:
On the Subjection of Women

Question 26

define the following term:
Corn Laws of 1815

Question 27

define the following term:
Alexander I

Question 28

define the following term:
liberalism

Question 29

define the following term:
classical economics

Question 30

define the following term:
Louis XVIII and Charles X

Question 31

define the following term:
Louis-Philippe

Question 32

define the following term:
nationalism

Question 33

define the following term:
ministerial responsibility

Question 34

define the following term:
France's July Revolution of 1830

Question 35

define the following term:
Germanic Confederation

Question 36

define the following term:
Federalists and Republicans

Question 37

define the following term:
Frances Wright

Question 38

define the following term:
socialism

Question 39

define the following term:
Robert Owen

Question 40

define the following term:
New Lanark

Question 41

define the following term:
Mary Shelley's Frankenstein

Question 42

define the following term:
Reform Act of 1832

Question 43

define the following term:
Romanticism

Question 44

define the following term:
Percy Bysshe Shelley and Lord Byron

Question 45

define the following term:
Goethe's The Sorrows of the Young Werther

Question 46

define the following term:
Ludwig von Beethoven

Question 47

define the following term:
William Wordsworth

Question 48

define the following term:
revolutions of 1848

Question 49

define the following term:
neo-Gothic architecture

Question 50

define the following term:
Louis Kossuth

Question 51

define the following term:
France's Second Republic

Question 52

define the following term:
Caspar David Friedrich and Eugène Delacroix

Question 53

define the following term:
Andrew Jackson

Question 54

define the following term:
Frankfurt Assembly

Question 55

define the following term:
Gothic literature

Question 56

define the following term:
The brothers Grimm

Question 57

define the following term:
utopian socialists

Question 58

define the following term:
Giuseppe Mazzini and Young Italy

Question 59

define the following term:
Mazzini's The Duties of Man

Question 60

define the following term:
General Alfred Windischgrätz

Question 61

Which European state dominated the Latin American economy even after many countries gained their independence?

A)Spain
B)Portugal
C)France
D)Germany
E)Great Britain

Question 62

define the following term:
pantheism

Question 63

Which statement best describes the state of the Italian peninsula following the Congress of Vienna?

A)It was entirely unified as a single country.
B)It remained divided into several states subject to the domination of other European powers.
C)It had been devastated by the last campaigns of Napoleon.
D)It had been completely annexed by Austria, a move confirmed by the Congress.
E)It sunk into complete anarchy and chaos.

Question 64

What did John Stuart Mill's On the Subjection of Women state?

A)Women should be kept in the home to improve men's chances of finding work.
B)Men and women did not possess different natures.
C)Parliament should admit women members immediately.
D)Female convicts should be shipped out to colonize Australia.
E)God and nature had ordained the permanent inferiority of women.

Question 65

What was the conservative English political party in power until 1830?

A)Tories
B)Republicans
C)Federalists
D)Whigs
E)Democrats

Question 66

What was the Concert of Europe?

A)An economic alliance between European powers
B)An organization to develop music within the European states
C)An alliance to ensure the status quo achieved with the Congress of Vienna
D)An attempt to dissolve France into numerous provinces
E)An organizational body seeking to limit popular access to political ideas

Question 67

Who was known as "the Liberator" in Latin America?

A)José de San Martín
B)Simón Bolívar
C)Guillermo Pelgrón
D)Simón Carreño
E)George Washington

Question 68

Great Britain, Russia, France, Prussia and __________ met periodically in conferences known as the Concert of Europe to discuss common interests.

A)Austria
B)Spain
C)Italy
D)Greece
E)Belgium

Question 69

Revolts in Latin America were facilitated by

A)massive slave revolts across South and Central America.
B)the expansionist policies of the United States.
C)Austrian policy in the Americas.
D)British defeat in the Napoleonic Wars.
E)the fall of the Bourbon monarchy in Spain.

Question 70

In 1815 Great Britain was governed by

A)an absolute monarch.
B)the middle classes.
C)the people as a whole.
D)the aristocratic landowning classes.
E)wealthy merchants.

Question 71

Who formulated the idea of the "principle of legitimacy"?

A)Louis-Philippe
B)Napoleon
C)Klemens von Metternich
D)Talleyrand
E)Edmund Burke

Question 72

Who was the author of Reflections on the Revolution in France and the founder of modern philosophical conservatism?

A)Viscount Castlereigh
B)William Pitt the Younger
C)Horatio Nelson
D)Edmund Burke
E)Robert Owen

Question 73

Which social group was the foremost in embracing liberalism?

A)Factory workers
B)The industrial middle class
C)Radical aristocrats
D)Army officers
E)The landed gentry

Question 74

Which revolt demonstrated the double-edged sword quality of the "principle of intervention"?

A)The Greek Revolt
B)Independence movements in Latin America
C)The July Revolution of 1830 in France
D)The Corn Law revolt of 1815
E)The revolt against Nicholas' police state

Question 75

What was the name of the principle that argued that a state power had the right to send armies into countries to restore monarchies amid revolutions?

A)The "principle of alliance"
B)The "principle of agreement"
C)The "principle of legitimacy"
D)The "principle of intervention"
E)The "principle of first rights"

Question 76

What did European monarchs want to achieve after the defeat of Napoleon?

A)Restore stability and return to an old order.
B)Maintain power while also implementing Napoleon's Civil Order.
C)Share power with the people.
D)Divide France up among them.
E)Make alliances with one another to prevent the rise of another Napoleon.

Question 77

Most conservatives believed that

A)the French Revolution was a good thing.
B)militarism was the source of all evil.
C)nationalism was a force for good.
D)people should be obedient to political authority.
E)organized religion was unimportant.

Question 78

What happened to Russian society after Nicholas I came to power following the death of Alexander I in 1825?

A)It became the most liberal of the European powers.
B)It rapidly industrialized.
C)It became an industrial power after the abolition of serfdom.
D)It was increasingly influenced by ultra-conservative societies, such as the Northern Union.
E)It became a police state, as the czar feared both internal and external revolutionary upheavals.

Question 79

What did the Congress of Vienna achieve?

A)It gave Prussia complete control over Polish lands.
B)It created policies that would maintain the European balance of power.
C)It failed to achieve long-lasting peace among European nations.
D)It treated France leniently following Napoleon's One Hundred Days.
E)It sanctioned the political power of the bourgeoisie.

Question 80

Which of these groups supported the political philosophy of conservatism?

A)The urban middle classes
B)Landless farmers
C)The urban poor
D)Radical Protestants
E)Hereditary monarchies