Deck 10: Comparing Judiciaries

Question 1

Which is an element of hard power?

A)The threat of military force
B)Diplomacy
C)Ideology
D)Culture
E)Media

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What did Niccolò Machiavelli see as the greatest impediment to effective rule?

A)Immorality
B)Bigotry
C)Emotion
D)Morality
E)Religion

Answer 2

D

Question 3

From what perspective do classical realists tend to view international relations?

A)Philosophical theory
B)Legal precedent
C)Historical background
D)Moral considerations
E)Power relationships

Answer 3

E

Question 4

What do classical realists see as arising out of inequalities of power among nations?

A)Environments of chaos
B)Balance of power
C)Prolonged war
D)Failure of states
E)Imbalance of power

Question 5

What did Kenneth Waltz view as the main determinant of national power?

A)Military force
B)Economic resources
C)The international system itself
D)A network of alliances
E)Image and reputation

Question 6

How does Thomas Hobbes see human nature as affecting relations between larger political entities?

A)Selfishness leads to order and the inevitability of a strong government.
B)Altruism leads to order and negates the need for a strong government.
C)Selfishness leads to chaos and the need for a strong government.
D)Altruism leads to chaos and the need for a strong government.
E)Selfishness leads to order and negates the need for a strong government.

Question 7

What is the relationship between idealism and liberalism?

A)Idealism is a development of liberalism.
B)Idealism is a complete rejection of liberalism.
C)Idealism reduces liberalism to economic terms.
D)Idealism views liberalism in purely philosophical terms.
E)Idealism is a cautious acceptance of some liberal elements.

Question 8

What does Joseph Nye advocate as the best means of serving American interests in international politics?

A)Applying military force to preempt threats before they happen
B)Intimidating other countries to choose cooperation with the United States
C)Dominating foreign economies to force them to cooperate with the United States
D)Exporting American culture to overwhelm those of other countries
E)Behaving in a way that makes the United States look good to other countries

Question 9

As a whole, how do classical realists see the international system?

A)Chaotic and ideological
B)Predictable and orderly
C)Rational and philosophical
D)Orderly and rational
E)Chaotic and anarchic

Question 10

Who was the Athenian historian who considered the problems of "might makes right" in his Melian dialogue?

A)Herodotus
B)Xenophon
C)Thucydides
D)Plato
E)Arrian

Question 11

What do classical realists maintain are the dominant actors in international relations?

A)United Nations
B)States
C)Nongovernmental organizations
D)Religions
E)Alliances

Question 12

According to scholar Harold James, which of the following a re the greatest emerging threats to the international system?

A)The inability of BRIC countries to contain their own armies
B)BRIC countries' lack of natural resources
C)The ways in which BRIC countries address internal, domestic pressures
D)Threats to BRIC countries by the United States
E)Failure of any BRIC countries to gain membership in the United Nations

Question 13

Which philosopher developed the perpetual peace theory?

A)Friedrich Nietzsche
B)John Locke
C)Jean Jacque Rousseau
D)Immanuel Kant
E)Thomas Hobbes

Question 14

How did Sun Tzu see morality in international relations?

A)Secondary to religion
B)More important than national security
C)Secondary to philosophical principles
D)Paramount to all other elements
E)Secondary to national security

Question 15

How did Hans Morgenthau view the role of power in international relations?

A)As a goal of foreign policy
B)As both a means and a goal of foreign policy
C)As secondary to collective security
D)As a means to achieve national security
E)As a moral imperative toward national security

Question 16

After World War II, how did many scholars see the prewar, Wilsonian approach to international relations?

A)Realistic and vindicated
B)Idealistic and effective
C)Idealistic and reckless
D)Realistic and destructive
E)Idealistic and vindicated

Question 17

Why are the BRIC countries of Brazil, Russia, India, and China likely to be highly influential in twenty-first-century international relations?

A)They are emerging military powers.
B)They have large populations and significant recent development.
C)They have recent patterns of aggressive behavior toward rivals.
D)They invest heavily in military research and development.
E)They are capable of exploiting significant natural resources.

Question 18

What is the definition of power?

A)The ability to get others to do something they would not choose to do on their own, by any means
B)The ability to get others to do something they would not choose to do on their own, through the threat of violence
C)The ability to get others to do something they would not choose to do on their own, through the use of coercion
D)The ability to get others to do something they would not choose to do on their own, through persuasion
E)The ability to get others to do something they would not choose to do on their own, through payment

Question 19

What type of freedom does liberalism especially emphasize as a good?

A)Freedom of expression
B)Freedom to be secure from harm
C)Freedom to buy and sell goods
D)Freedom of association
E)Freedom of religion

Question 20

How do classical realists see the behavior of states?

A)Diffused and ideological
B)Unitary and emotional
C)Unpredictable and irrational
D)Unitary and rational
E)Diffused and rational

Question 21

In what document did Woodrow Wilson provide a blueprint for post-World War I relations, based on idealism?

A)The United Nations charter
B)The Fourteen Points
C)The Treaty of Versailles
D)The Treaty of Locarno
E)Congressional government

Question 22

How did Marx apply his theory of class conflict to international relations?

A)There is an inevitability that a more just system will arise from the benevolence of strong states.
B)There is no connection between economic and political conflict.
C)Wars can cleanse a state of weak and degenerate elements through the crucible of battle.
D)Just as one social class will exploit another, so will one state exploit a weaker people.
E)Class considerations apply only to domestic conflicts, not to those in an international arena.

Question 23

What do dependency theorists see as the major element explaining international economic development?

A)Rich countries exploit the poor ones.
B)Rich countries help the poor ones reach prosperity.
C)Rich countries have a mission to civilize poor countries.
D)Rich countries use their institutions to spread influence among poor countries.
E)Rich countries have a compelling interest to modernize the poor ones.

Question 24

What principle embraced by constructivists sets them apart from realists and neoliberals?

A)Cultural affinities are more important than social practices in explaining international cooperation and disagreement.
B)Social practices are more important than economic interests in explaining international cooperation and disagreement.
C)Economic interests are more important than social practices in explaining international cooperation and disagreement.
D)Cultural affinities are more important than economic interests in explaining international cooperation and disagreement.
E)Economic interests are more important than cultural affinities in explaining international cooperation and disagreement.

Question 25

What are the similarities and differences between dependency theory and neo-Marxism in explaining the relationship between rich countries and poor ones?

Question 26

Which principle is a foundation of neoliberalism?

A)States cooperate in large part because it is in their interest to do so.
B)States cooperate because of shared idealism.
C)States cooperate because of their shared legal foundations.
D)States cooperate in large part due to power relationships.
E)States cooperate due to shared cultural values.

Question 27

Explain how Thomas Hobbes's worldview, and especially his concept of the "war of all against all," applies to analysis of international relations.

Question 28

Examine liberalism and neoliberalism. How do they view human nature, and how does this affect their perspectives on international relations?

Question 29

According to Marx, what are the most important forces creating a negative environment for workers?

A)Rebellion and oppression
B)Efficiency and exploitation
C)Revolution and exploitation
D)Efficiency and oppression
E)Rebellion and religion

Question 30

Examine Kenneth Waltz's three levels of analysis in international relations. Rank them in terms of importance and explain the role of each in how wars start.

Question 31

Who was most important in developing the concept of colonialism into that of imperialism?

A)Georg Hegel
B)Karl Marx
C)Leon Trotsky
D)Friedrich Engels
E)V) I. Lenin

Question 32

According to Marxism, what is the best way to understand history?

A)As a series of compromises to avoid conflict
B)As determined by great men doing great things
C)As a conflict of religions
D)As a war between cultures
E)As a struggle between economic classes

Question 33

Examine the constructivist perspective of the international system. How does it resemble that of the realists and Marxists, and how does it differ from both?

Question 34

How do constructivists expect people in poor countries to see such essential concepts as justice and eradication of poverty?

A)Similarly to prosperous countries because the rich dictate the perspectives of the poor
B)Similarly to prosperous countries because realistic and rational analysis transcends borders
C)Differently than more prosperous countries because the poor are exploited economically
D)Differently than more prosperous countries because their experiences are different
E)The same as prosperous countries, but only when their cultures are similar

Question 35

In Marxist theory, what is the economic class that will be overthrown by the workers?

A)The proletariat
B)The bourgeoisie
C)The intelligentsia
D)The feudal landowners
E)The professional military

Question 36

What did Marx see in the relationship between the bourgeoisie and the government?

A)They are in inevitable conflict.
B)They are a single unit.
C)They have common international rivals.
D)Both can assist the workers attain power.
E)They are reluctant allies.

Question 37

What event gave rise to the neo-Marxists?

A)World War I
B)World War II
C)The end of the Cold War
D)The founding of the People's Republic of China
E)The Cuban Revolution